Kana "heti nhema" - kuve kurongeka kwesango remusango recyberpace - rinova rakanyanya kubudirira mubasa ravo rakasviba, iyo yero media inorira nekufara. Nekuda kweizvozvo, nyika yave kutanga kutarisa nezve cybersecurity zvakanyanya. Asi zvinosuruvarisa kwete pakarepo. Naizvozvo, kunyangwe nenhamba iri kuwedzera yenjodzi dzepa cyber, pasirese haisati yakwana kuita zvinobatika matanho. Nekudaro, zvinotarisirwa kuti munguva pfupi iri kutevera, nekuda kwe "heti nhema," nyika ichatanga kutora cybersecurity zvakanyanya. [7]

Kungofanana nemoto ... Maguta aimbove ari munjodzi yemoto wakaipisisa. Nekudaro, kunyangwe paine njodzi ingangoitika, matanho ekudzivirira ekudzivirira haana kutorwa - kunyangwe mushure memoto mukuru muChicago muna 1871, uyo wakauraya mazana ehupenyu uye kutamisa mazana ezviuru zvevanhu. Matanho ekudzivirira akasimba akatorwa chete mushure menjodzi yakafanana yakaitika zvakare, makore matatu gare gare. Zvakangofanana necybersecurity - nyika haigadzirise dambudziko iri kunze kwekunge paine zviitiko zvine njodzi. Asi kunyangwe zviitiko zvakadaro zvikaitika, nyika haigadzirise dambudziko iri nekukurumidza. [7] Naizvozvo, kunyangwe tsumo yekuti: “Kusvikira tsikidzi yaitika, murume haabatike,” haishande. Ndosaka muna 2018 takapemberera makore makumi matatu ekusachengeteka kwatekeshera.

Zvinyorwa zvekunyengera

Kutanga kwechinyorwa ichi, chandakanyorera magazini yeSystem Administrator, chakazova chiporofita neimwe nzira. Magazini ine nyaya iyi akabuda chaizvo zuva nezuva nemoto unotyisa muKemerovo nzvimbo yekutengesa "Winter Cherry" (2018, Kurume 20th).

Isa Internet mumaminitsi makumi matatu

Kare muna 1988, boka renzou rehacker L0pht, richitaura nesimba rizere pamberi pemusangano wevakuru vakuru vekuMadokero vane mukurumbira, rakazivisa kuti: “Midziyo yako yekombuta iri panjodzi yekurwiswa neinternet kubva paInternet. Uye software, uye hardware, uye telecommunication. Vatengesi vavo havana kana hanya zvachose nemamiriro ezvinhu aya. Nekuti mitemo yemazuva ano haipe chero mhosva yemaitiro asina hanya ekuona cybersecurity yeyakagadzirwa software uye Hardware. Basa rekutadza kukanganisa (zvingave zvakangoerekana zvaitika kana zvichikonzerwa nekupindira kwevashandisi vepakombiyuta) rinongori nemushandisi wemidziyo. Kana iri hurumende yemubatanidzwa, haina hunyanzvi kana chido chekugadzirisa dambudziko iri. Naizvozvo, kana iwe uchitsvaga cybersecurity, saka iyo Internet haisi iyo nzvimbo yekuiwana. Mumwe nemumwe wevanhu vanomwe vakagara pamberi pako anogona kutyora zvachose Internet uye, maererano, kubata kutonga kwakazara pamusoro pemidziyo yakabatana nayo. Nega. 30 maminetsi echoreographed keystrokes uye zvaitwa. " [7]

Vakuru vacho vakagutsurira musoro zvichiratidza kuti vainzwisisa kuipa kwemamiriro ezvinhu, asi hapana chavakaita. Nhasi, makore chaiwo makumi matatu mushure mekuita kweL30pht, nyika ichiri kutambudzwa ne "kusachengeteka kwakawanda." Kubira midziyo yekombuta, yakabatana neInternet kuri nyore zvekuti Indaneti, pakutanga yaiva humambo hwemasayendisiti ane mafungiro uye vanofarira, zvishoma nezvishoma yakagarwa nenyanzvi dzepamusoro-soro: matsotsi, makororo, vasori, magandanga. Vese vanoshandisa kusazvibata kwemidziyo yemakomputa kuti vawane mari kana zvimwe zvikomborero. [0]

Vatengesi vanoregeredza cybersecurity

Vatengesi dzimwe nguva, hongu, vanoedza kugadzirisa humwe hurema hwakaonekwa, asi vanozviita nekuzengurira. Nekuti purofiti yavo haibvi kubva pakudzivirirwa kubva kune vanobira, asi kubva kune hutsva hunoshanda hwavanopa kune vatengi. Kutariswa chete pamubairo wenguva pfupi, vatengesi vanoisa mari chete mukugadzirisa matambudziko chaiwo, kwete ekufungidzira. Cybersecurity, mumaziso evazhinji vavo, chinhu chekufungidzira. [7]

Cybersecurity chinhu chisingaoneki, chisingabatike. Zvinova zvinobatika chete kana matambudziko amuka nazvo. Kana vakaitarisira zvakanaka (vakashandisa mari yakawanda pakupa kwayo), uye hapana matambudziko nayo, mutengi wekupedzisira haazodi kuibhadhara. Mukuwedzera, kunze kwekuwedzera kwemari yemari, kushandiswa kwezviyero zvekudzivirira kunoda nguva yekuwedzera yekuvandudza, kunoda kudzikamisa kugona kwemidziyo, uye kunotungamirira kuderera mukugadzirwa kwayo. [8]

Zvakaoma kugonesa kunyangwe vatengesi vedu pachedu nezvekugoneka kwemitengo yakanyorwa, ndoda kugumisa vatengi. Uye sezvo vatengesi vemazuva ano vachifarira chete purofiti yenguva pfupi yekutengesa, ivo havatomborerekera kutora mutoro wekuona cybersecurity yezvavakasika. [1] Nekune rimwe divi, vatengesi vakangwarira vakachengeta cybersecurity yemidziyo yavo vakatarisana nenyaya yekuti vatengi vemakambani vanosarudza zvakachipa uye zviri nyore kushandisa dzimwe nzira. Izvozvo. Zviripachena kuti vatengi vemakambani havana hanya zvakanyanya nezve cybersecurity zvakare. [8]

Tichifunga nezvezviri pamusoro, hazvishamise kuti vatengesi vanowanzoregeredza cybersecurity, uye vanoomerera kune inotevera huzivi: "Ramba uchivaka, ramba uchitengesa uye chigamba pazvinenge zvichidikanwa. Sitimu yaparara here? Ruzivo rwakarasika? Database ine nhamba dzekadhi rechikwereti zvakabiwa? Pane here njodzi dzinouraya dzakaonekwa mumidziyo yako? Hapana dambudziko!" Vatengi, ivowo, vanofanirwa kutevedzera musimboti wekuti: “Patch and pray.” [7]

Izvi zvinoitika sei: mienzaniso kubva kusango

Muenzaniso unoshamisa wekuregeredza cybersecurity panguva yekusimudzira chirongwa cheMicrosoft chekambani yekukurudzira: "Kana ukapotsa mazuva ekupedzisira, unobhadhariswa faindi. Kana iwe usina nguva yekuendesa kuburitswa kwehunyanzvi hwako nenguva, hazvizoitwe. Kana ikasaitwa, haugamuchire migove yekambani (chidimbu chepai ​​kubva kupurofiti yeMicrosoft). Kubva 1993, Microsoft yakatanga kushingaira kubatanidza zvigadzirwa zvayo kuInternet. Sezvo chirongwa ichi chakashanda maererano nechirongwa chimwechete chekukurudzira, kushanda kwakawedzera nekukurumidza kupfuura kudzivirira kwaigona kuenderana nazvo. Kufadza kwevavhimi vepragmatic vulnerability... [7]

Mumwe muenzaniso ndiwo mamiriro nemakombiyuta uye laptops: havauye ne-pre-installed antivirus; uye ivo zvakare havape iyo preset yemapassword akasimba. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti mushandisi wekupedzisira achaisa iyo antivirus uye isa chengetedzo gadziriso paramita. [1]

Imwe, yakanyanyisa muenzaniso: mamiriro ezvinhu necybersecurity yemidziyo yekutengesa (mareji emari, nzvimbo dzePoS dzenzvimbo dzekutenga, nezvimwewo). Zvakaitika kuti vatengesi vezvigadzirwa zvekutengesa vanotengesa chete izvo zvinotengeswa, uye kwete izvo zvakachengeteka. [2] Kana paine chinhu chimwe icho vatengesi vezvigadzirwa zvekutengesa vane hanya nazvo maererano necybersecurity, kuve nechokwadi chekuti kana chiitiko chinopokana chikaitika, mutoro unowira kune vamwe. [3]

Muenzaniso unoratidza kukura kwezviitiko izvi: kukwidziridzwa kweiyo EMV chiyero chemakadhi ekubhangi, ayo, nekuda kwebasa rakakodzera revatengesi vemabhangi, anoonekwa mumaziso everuzhinji vasina hunyanzvi hwekuita seimwe nzira yakachengeteka kune "yechinyakare" magnetic cards. Panguva imwecheteyo, kukurudzira kukuru kweindasitiri yemabhangi, iyo yaive nebasa rekugadzira EMV chiyero, yaive yekuchinjisa mutoro wezviitiko zvehutsotsi (zvichiitika nekuda kwekukanganisa kwevakadhi) - kubva kuzvitoro kuenda kune vatengi. Nepo kare (apo kubhadhara kwaiitwa nemagineti makadhi), mutoro wezvemari waive nezvitoro zvekusawirirana mudhibhiti/kiredhiti. [3] Saka mabhanga anoita mubhadharo anochinjisa mutoro wacho kune vatengesi (vanoshandisa mabhengi avo ari kure) kana kumabhangi anopa makadhi ekubhadhara; vaviri vokupedzisira,wo, vanochinjira mutoro kumuridzi wekadhi. [2]

Vatengesi vari kukanganisa cybersecurity

Sezvo nzvimbo yekurwisa kwedhijitari ichiwedzera zvisingaite-nekuda kwekuputika kwemidziyo yakabatana neInternet-kuchengeta izvo zvakabatana netiweki yemakambani kunowedzera kuoma. Panguva imwecheteyo, vatengesi vanochinja kushushikana nezvekuchengetedzwa kwemidziyo yese yakabatana neInternet kune anoshandisa yekupedzisira [1]: "Kununura vanhu vari kunyura ibasa revanonyura ivo pachavo."

Kwete chete vatengesi havana hanya nezve cybersecurity yezvavakasika, asi mune dzimwe nguva ivo vanokanganisawo kupihwa kwayo. Semuenzaniso, muna 2009 iyo Conficker network worm yakanyudza muBeth Israel Medical Center uye yakatapukira chikamu chemidziyo yekurapa ipapo, technical director wenzvimbo ino yekurapa, kuitira kudzivirira zviitiko zvakafanana kuti zvisaitike mune ramangwana, akasarudza kudzima kushanda kwekutsigira basa pamidziyo yakabatwa nehonye ine network. Nekudaro, akatarisana nenyaya yekuti "midziyo haina kukwanisa kuvandudzwa nekuda kwezvirambidzo zvemutemo." Zvakamutorera simba guru kutaurirana nemutengesi kuti adzivise network mabasa. [4]

Yakakosha Cyber-Kusachengeteka kweInternet

David Clarke, ane mukurumbira MIT purofesa ane shasha yakamuwanira zita remadunhurirwa rekuti "Albus Dumbledore," anorangarira zuva iro divi rakasviba reInternet rakaratidzwa pasirese. Clark aive sachigaro wemusangano wekufonera munaNovember 1988 pakabuda nhau dzekuti gonye rekutanga rekombuta munhoroondo rakanga ranyura kuburikidza newaya dzenetiweki. Clark akarangarira nguva iyi nekuti mutauri aivepo pamusangano wake (mushandi weimwe yemakambani makuru ezvekufambiswa kwemashoko) akazvidavirira pakupararira kwegonye iri. Mukurukuri uyu, mukupisa kwendangariro, nokusaziva akati: “Hezvo! Ndinoita sendavhara kusagadzikana uku,” akabhadhara mashoko aya. [5]

Zvakadaro, zvakazoitika kuti kusakuvara kwakapararira negonye rataurwa kwaisave kunaka kwechero munhu. Uye izvi, kutaura chaiko, kwaisava kukanganiswa, asi chinhu chakakosha cheInternet: ivo vakatanga Indaneti, pavanenge vachigadzira brainchild yavo, vakatarisa zvakanyanya pakumhanya kwekufambisa data uye kukanganisa kushivirira. Ivo havana kuzviisa ivo basa rekuona cybersecurity. [5]

Mazuva ano, makumi emakore pashure pokunge Indaneti yavambwa—ine mazana emabhiriyoni emadhora akatoshandiswa pakuedza kusina maturo kuchengetedzwa kwekombiyuta—Internet iri panjodzi. Matambudziko ayo e-cybersecurity ari kuramba achiwedzera gore rega rega. Nekudaro, isu tine kodzero here yekupa mhosva vavambi veInternet nekuda kweizvi? Pashure pezvose, somuenzaniso, hapana achashora vavaki vemigwagwa inofamba pamusoro peidi rokuti tsaona dzinoitika mu“migwagwa yavo”; uye hapana achashora varongi vemaguta nokuda kweidi rokuti ugororo hunoitika mu“maguta” avo. [5]

Iyo hacker subculture yakazvarwa sei

Iyo hacker subculture yakatanga mukutanga 1960s, mu "Railway Technical Modeling Club" (inoshanda mukati memadziro eMassachusetts Institute of Technology). Vanofarira kirabhu vakagadzira uye vakaunganidza njanji yemodhi, yakakura zvekuti yakazadza imba yese. Nhengo dzekirabhu dzakangopatsanurwa kuita mapoka maviri: vanoita runyararo uye nyanzvi dzehurongwa. [6]

Yokutanga yakashanda nepamusoro-pasi chikamu chemuenzaniso, chechipiri - nechepasi pevhu. Iwo ekutanga akaunganidza uye akashongedzwa mamodheru ezvitima nemaguta: ivo vakatevedzera nyika yese mudiki. Iyo yekupedzisira yakashanda parutsigiro rwehunyanzvi rwekuita runyararo uku: kuomarara kwewaya, kudzoreredza uye kurongedza switch dziri munzvimbo yepasi peiyo modhi - zvese zvaidzora iyo "yepamusoro" chikamu nekuchidyisa nesimba. [6]

Pakaita dambudziko remotokari uye mumwe munhu akauya nemhinduro itsva uye ine hungwaru yekuigadzirisa, mhinduro yacho yakanzi "hack." Kune nhengo dzekirabhu, kutsvaga kwema hacks matsva kwave chirevo chehupenyu. Ndosaka vakatanga kuzviti "hackers." [6]

Chizvarwa chekutanga chematsotsi chakashandisa hunyanzvi hwakawanikwa paSimulation Railway Club nekunyora zvirongwa zvekombuta pamakadhi akabayiwa. Zvino, apo ARPANET (yakatangira kuInternet) yakasvika pamusasa muna 1969, vapambi vakave vashandisi vayo vanonyanya kushanda uye vane hunyanzvi. [6]

Ikozvino, makumi emakore gare gare, iyo Internet yemazuva ano yakafanana neiyo "yepasi pevhu" chikamu chemuenzaniso wenjanji. Nekuti vatangi vayo vaive matsotsi aya, vadzidzi ve "Railroad Simulation Club". Vapambi chete ndivo vave kushandisa maguta chaiwo panzvimbo pemaminiatures akafananidzwa. [6]

BGP routing yakauya sei

Pakupera kwema80s, semugumisiro wekuwedzera-kunge kwekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemidziyo yakabatana neInternet, iyo Internet yakasvika kune yakaoma masvomhu muganho wakavakirwa mune imwe yeakakosha Internet protocol. Naizvozvo, chero nhaurirano pakati pevanjiniya venguva iyoyo yakazopedzisira yava hurukuro yedambudziko iri. Shamwari mbiri dzaivewo mutsauko: Jacob Rechter (injiniya kubva kuIBM) naKirk Lockheed (muvambi weCisco). Sezvo vakasangana nemukana patafura yekudya kwemanheru, vakatanga kukurukura matanho ekuchengetedza kushanda kweInternet. Shamwari dzakanyora pasi pfungwa dzakamuka pane chero chakauya kuzobata - napkin yakasvibiswa neketchup. Zvadaro wechipiri. Ipapo wechitatu. Iyo "nhatu napkins protocol," sekudanwa kwairi kuitwa nevagadziri vayo-inozivikanwa mumatunhu ehurumende seBGP (Border Gateway Protocol) - munguva pfupi yakashandura Indaneti. [8]

Kuna Rechter naLockheed, BGP yaingove nhanho, yakagadziridzwa mumweya weModel Railroad Club yambotaurwa, mhinduro yenguva pfupi yaizotsiviwa. Shamwari dzakagadzira BGP muna 1989. Nhasi, zvisinei, makore makumi matatu gare gare, ruzhinji rweInternet traffic ichiri kufambiswa uchishandisa "matatu napkin protocol" - kunyangwe iri kuwedzera kutyisa kufona nezvematambudziko akakosha necybersecurity. Iyo yekubira kwechinguvana yakava imwe yeakakosha maprotocol eInternet, uye vagadziri vayo vakadzidza kubva pane zvakaitika kwavari kuti "hapana chimwe chisingaperi kupfuura mhinduro dzenguva pfupi." [30]

Manetiweki pasi rese achinja kuita BGP. Vatengesi vane simba, vatengi vakapfuma uye makambani ekufambisa mashoko akakurumidza kudanana neBGP uye vakajaira. Naizvozvo, kunyangwe achiwedzera uye akawedzera mabhero pamusoro pekusachengeteka kweprotocol iyi, iyo IT yeruzhinji haisati ichiratidza kufarira shanduko kune mitsva, yakachengeteka zvakanyanya michina. [8]

Cyber-isina kuchengeteka BGP nzira

Nei BGP routing yakanaka uye nei iyo IT nharaunda isiri kukurumidza kuisiya? BGP inobatsira marouters kuita sarudzo dzekuenda kupi nzizi hombe dzedata inotumirwa kunetiweki yakakura yemitsara yekukurukurirana inopindirana. BGP inobatsira ma routers kusarudza nzira dzakakodzera kunyangwe network iri kugara ichichinja uye nzira dzakakurumbira dzinowanzosangana ne traffic traffic. Dambudziko nderekuti iyo Internet haina mepu yepasirese yenzira. Marouta anoshandisa BGP anoita sarudzo dzekusarudza imwe nzira kana imwe zvichienderana neruzivo rwakagamuchirwa kubva kuvavakidzani mucyberspace, avo vanozotora ruzivo kubva kune vavakidzani vavo, nezvimwe. Nekudaro, ruzivo urwu runogona kunyepedzera zviri nyore, zvinoreva kuti BGP routing iri panjodzi yekurwiswa neMiTM. [8]

Naizvozvo, mibvunzo yakaita seiyi inogara ichimuka: "Sei traffic pakati pemakomputa maviri muDenver yakatora nzira huru kuburikidza neIceland?", "Nei data rePentagon rakambotamiswa richipfuura nemuBeijing?" Pane mhinduro dzehunyanzvi kumibvunzo yakaita seiyi, asi dzese dzinouya kune chokwadi chekuti BGP inoshanda yakavakirwa pakuvimba: kuvimba nekurudziro yakagamuchirwa kubva kune vavakidzani routers. Nekuda kwehunhu hwekuvimba hweBGP protocol, zvisinganzwisisike traffic overlords inogona kukwezva data revamwe vanhu rinoyerera mudura ravo kana vachida. [8]

Muenzaniso mupenyu ndeyekurwiswa kweBGP yeChina paAmerican Pentagon. Muna Kubvumbi 2010, hofori yenharembozha yehurumende China Telecom yakatumira makumi ezviuru zvemarouta pasi rese, kusanganisira zviuru gumi nezvitanhatu muUnited States, meseji yeBGP ichivaudza kuti vane nzira dziri nani. Pasina sisitimu yaigona kuona chokwadi chemeseji yeBGP kubva kuChina Telecom, ma routers pasi rese akatanga kutumira data mukupfuura nemuBeijing. Kusanganisira traffic kubva kuPentagon nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeUS department reDziviriro. Kusununguka kwemotokari yakadzoserwa uye kushayikwa kwekudzivirirwa kunoshanda kune rudzi urwu rwekurwisa chimwe chiratidzo chekusachengeteka kweBGP routing. [16]

Iyo BGP protocol ine theoretically iri panjodzi yekutonyanya kutyisa cyber kurwiswa. Kana kurwisana kwepasi rose kuchikwira nesimba rose padandemutande, China Telecom, kana imwe hofori yezvekufambiswa kwemashoko, inogona kuedza kuti ndeyayo yezvikamu zveInternet izvo zvisiri zvayo. Kufamba kwakadaro kwaizovhiringa ma routers, ayo anozofanira kubhuroka pakati pekukwikwidza mabhidhi emabhuroko akafanana emakero eInternet. Pasina kugona kusiyanisa application yepamutemo kubva kune yemanyepo, marouters anotanga kuita zvisizvo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, taizotarisana neInternet yakaenzana nehondo yenyukireya — kuratidzwa kwakazaruka, kwakakura kweruvengo. Kubudirira kwakadaro munguva dzorunyararo kunoratidzika kuva kusiri kwechokwadi, asi nounyanzvi kunobvira zvikuru. [8]

Kuedza kusina maturo kubva kuBGP kuenda kuBGPSEC

Cybersecurity haina kuverengerwa apo BGP yakagadzirwa, nekuti panguva iyoyo hacks yaive isingawanzo uye kukuvadzwa kubva kwavari kwaive kusingaite. Vagadziri veBGP, nekuti vakashandira makambani ezvekufonera uye vaifarira kutengesa network yavo michina, vaive nebasa rakanyanya kudzvanya: kudzivirira kuparara kweInternet. Nekuti kukanganisa muInternet kunogona kutsausa vashandisi, uye nekudaro kuderedza kutengesa kwetiweki michina. [8]

Mushure mechiitiko nekufambiswa kwemauto eAmerican traffic kuburikidza neBeijing muna Kubvumbi 2010, nhanho yebasa rekuona kuti cybersecurity yeBGP routing yakawedzera. Nekudaro, vatengesi venharembozha vakaratidza kushingairira kushoma kwekutakura mutengo une chekuita nekutamira kune itsva yakachengeteka nzira protocol BGPSEC, yakarongwa sechinotsiva BGP isina kuchengeteka. Vatengesi vachiri kuona BGP inogamuchirwa, kunyangwe zvisingaverengeki zviitiko zvekuvharirwa kwetraffic. [8]

Radia Perlman, akatumidzwa kuti "Amai veInternet" yekugadzira imwe huru network protocol mu1988 (gore risati rasvika BGP), akawana chiporofita chechiremba dissertation kuMIT. Perlman akafanotaura kuti routing protocol inoenderana nekuvimbika kwevavakidzani mucyberspace haina kuchengeteka. Perlman akakurudzira kushandiswa kwecryptography, izvo zvaizobatsira kudzikisira mukana wekunyepedzera. Zvisinei, kushandiswa kweBGP kwakanga kwatova kuzara, iyo ine simba yeI IT nharaunda yakanga yajaira, uye yaisada kuchinja chero chinhu. Naizvozvo, mushure meyevero dzakafungwa kubva kuna Perlman, Clark nedzimwe nyanzvi dzepasirese dzakakurumbira, chikamu cheiyo cryptographically yakachengeteka BGP routing haina kuwedzera zvachose, uye ichiri 0%. [8]

BGP routing handiyo yega yekubira

Uye BGP routing handiyo yega hack inosimbisa pfungwa yekuti "hapana chinhu chisingaperi kupfuura mhinduro dzenguva pfupi." Dzimwe nguva Indaneti, ichitinyudza munyika dzekufungidzira, inoita seyakatsvinda semotokari yemujaho. Nekudaro, muchokwadi, nekuda kwema hacks akaturikidzana pamusoro peumwe neumwe, iyo Internet yakafanana neFrankenstein kupfuura Ferrari. Nekuti aya hacks (anonyanya kunzi zvigamba) haambotsiviwa nehunyanzvi hwakavimbika. Mhedzisiro yeiyi nzira yakashata: zuva nezuva neawa, matsotsi epamhepo anopinza masisitimu asina njodzi, achiwedzera huwandu hwehutsotsi hwepamhepo kusvika pazviyero zvisingafungidzirwe. [8]

Zvizhinji zvezvikanganiso zvakashandiswa nema cybercriminals zvave zvichizivikanwa kwenguva yakareba, uye zvakachengetedzwa chete nekuda kwetsika yeIT nharaunda kugadzirisa matambudziko ari kubuda - nechinguva hacks / zvigamba. Dzimwe nguva, nekuda kweizvi, matekinoroji echinyakare anoungana pamusoro peumwe neumwe kwenguva yakareba, zvichiita kuti hupenyu hwevanhu huome uye huchivaisa munjodzi. Ungafungei kana ukaziva kuti bhangi rako riri kuvaka imba yaro pahwaro hwemashanga nemadhaka? Waizovimba naye kuti achengete mari yako here? [8]

Mafungiro asina hanya aLinus Torvalds

Zvakatora makore Indaneti isati yasvika zana rekutanga makomputa. Nhasi, 100 makomputa matsva nemimwe michina yakabatana nayo sekondi yega yega. Sezvo michina yakabatana neInternet inoputika, ndizvo zvinoitawo kukurumidza kwenyaya dzecybersecurity. Nekudaro, munhu anogona kuita zvakanyanya mukugadzirisa matambudziko aya ndiye anoona cybersecurity nekuzvidza. Murume uyu anonzi shasha, nhubu, mutungamiri wezvemweya uye mudzvanyiriri ane mutsa. Linus Torvalds. Iyo yakawanda yemidziyo yakabatana neInternet inomhanyisa sisitimu yayo yekushandisa, Linux. Inokurumidza, inoshanduka, yemahara - Linux iri kuramba ichizivikanwa nekufamba kwenguva. Panguva imwecheteyo, inozvibata zvakanyanya. Uye inogona kushanda isina rebooting kwemakore akawanda. Ichi ndicho chikonzero Linux ine rukudzo rwekuve inotungamira sisitimu yekushandisa. Zvinenge zvese zvishandiso zvekombuta zviripo kwatiri nhasi zvinoshandisa Linux: maseva, midziyo yekurapa, makomputa ekubhururuka, madiki madiki, ndege dzemauto nezvimwe zvakawanda. [9]

Linux inobudirira zvakanyanya nekuti Torvalds inosimbisa kuita uye kukanganisa kushivirira. Nekudaro, anoisa kusimbisa uku nekurasikirwa kwecybersecurity. Kunyangwe sezvo cyberpace uye nyika chaiyo inopindirana uye cybersecurity ikava nyaya yepasi rose, Torvalds anoenderera mberi nekuramba kuunza hunyanzvi hwakachengeteka muhurongwa hwake hwekushandisa. [9]

Naizvozvo, kunyangwe pakati pevazhinji vateveri veLinux, pane kunetseka kuri kukura pamusoro pekusagadzikana kweiyi inoshanda sisitimu. Kunyanya, chikamu chepedyo cheLinux, kernel yayo, iyo Torvalds inoshanda pairi wega. Vateveri veLinux vanoona kuti Torvalds haitore nyaya dzecybersecurity zvakakomba. Uyezve, Torvalds akazvitenderedza nevagadziri vanogovana aya maitiro asina hanya. Kana mumwe munhu anobva mudenderedzwa remukati meTorvalds akatanga kutaura nezve kuunza hunyanzvi hutsva, anobva atukwa. Torvalds akaramba rimwe boka revagadziri vakadaro, achivati ​​“tsoko dzinoita bonhora.” Torvalds paakaonekana kune rimwe boka revagadziri vane hanya nekuchengetedza, akati kwavari, "Mungave nemutsa here zvekuzviuraya. Nyika yaizova nzvimbo iri nani nekuda kwayo. ” Pese pazvasvika pakuwedzera maficha ekuchengetedza, Torvalds aigara achipokana nazvo. [9] Torvalds anotova nehuzivi hwese mune izvi, izvo zvisiri pasina tsanga yepfungwa:

“Chengetedzo yakakwana haiwaniki. Naizvozvo, inofanira kugara ichitariswa chete maererano nezvimwe zvinonyanya kukosha: kukurumidza, kushanduka uye nyore kushandisa. Vanhu vanozvipira chose pakupa dziviriro vanopenga. Mafungiro avo akaganhurirwa, dema nechena. Chengetedzo pachayo haina maturo. Essence inogara kune imwe nzvimbo. Naizvozvo, haugone kuve nechokwadi chechengetedzo yakakwana, kunyangwe iwe uchida chaizvo. Ehe, kune vanhu vanonyanya kutarisisa kuchengeteka kupfuura Torvalds. Nekudaro, vakomana ava vari kungoshanda pane izvo zvavanofarira uye nekupa chengetedzo mukati meiyo nhete yehukama chimiro chinotsanangudza zvido izvi. Hapachina. Saka ivo havabatsiri mukuwedzera kuchengeteka kwakakwana. " [9]

Sidebar: OpenSource yakafanana nekegi yehupfu [10]

OpenSource kodhi yakachengetedza mabhiriyoni mumitengo yekuvandudza software, ichibvisa kudiwa kwekuedza kwakapetwa: neOpenSource, vanogadzira mapurogiramu vane mukana wekushandisa hunyanzvi hwazvino pasina kurambidzwa kana kubhadhara. OpenSource inoshandiswa kwese kwese. Kunyangwe iwe ukahaya mugadziri wesoftware kuti agadzirise dambudziko rako rakasarudzika kubva pakutanga, mugadziri uyu angangoshandisa imwe mhando yeraibhurari yeOpenSource. Uye zvichida anopfuura mumwe. Saka, OpenSource zvinhu zviripo pese pese. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinofanirwa kunzwisiswa kuti hapana software yakamira; kodhi yayo inogara ichichinja. Naizvozvo, iyo "seta uye ukanganwe" musimboti haushande kune kodhi. Kusanganisira iyo OpenSource kodhi: nekukurumidza kana gare gare shanduro yakagadziridzwa ichadikanwa.

Muna 2016, takaona mhedzisiro yemamiriro ezvinhu aya: mugadziri wemakore makumi maviri nemasere "akatyora" Internet kwenguva pfupi nekudzima kodhi yake yeOpenSource, yaakamboburitsa pachena. Nyaya iyi inoratidza kuti yedu cyberinfrastructure haina kusimba. Vamwe vanhu - vanotsigira mapurojekiti eOpenSource - akakosha kuti aichengetedze zvekuti kana, Mwari varamba, vakarohwa nebhazi, Internet inoputika.

Zvakaoma-kuchengeta kodhi ndipo panovanda zvakanyanya cybersecurity kusagadzikana. Mamwe makambani haatomboziva kuti ari panjodzi sei nekuda kwekuoma-kuchengeta-kodhi. Kusagadzikana kwakabatana nekodhi yakadai kunogona kukura kuita dambudziko zvishoma nezvishoma: masisitimu anoora zvishoma nezvishoma, pasina kuratidza kukundikana kunooneka mukuora. Uye kana vakakundikana, migumisiro yacho inouraya.

Chekupedzisira, sezvo mapurojekiti eOpenSource achiwanzo kuvandudzwa nenharaunda yevanofarira, saLinus Torvalds kana sevanobira kubva kuModel Railroad Club yataurwa pakutanga kwechinyorwa, matambudziko ane yakaoma-ku-kuchengetedza kodhi haigone kugadziriswa nenzira dzechinyakare (uchishandisa mabhizimisi uye hurumende levers). Nemhaka yokuti vanhu vomunzanga dzakadaro vanoda uye vanokoshesa rusununguko rwavo kupfuura zvimwe zvose.

Sidebar: Pamwe masevhisi ehungwaru uye vanogadzira antivirus vachatidzivirira?

Muna 2013, zvakazozivikanwa kuti Kaspersky Lab yaive nechikamu chakakosha chaiita ongororo yezviitiko zvekuchengetedza ruzivo. Kusvikira munguva ichangopfuura, dhipatimendi iri raitungamirirwa neaichimbova mukuru wemapurisa, Ruslan Stoyanov, uyo akamboshanda muDhipatimendi guru re "K" (USTM yeMoscow Main Internal Affairs Directorate). Vese vashandi veiyi yakakosha unit yeKaspersky Lab vanobva kumasangano ezvemitemo, kusanganisira Investigative Committee uye Directorate "K". [gumi neimwe]

Pakupera kwa2016, FSB yakasunga Ruslan Stoyanov ndokumupomera mhosva yekupandukira. Muchiitiko chimwe chete, Sergei Mikhailov, mumiriri wepamusoro weFSB CIB (nzvimbo yekuchengetedzwa kwemashoko), akasungwa, uyo, asati asungwa, iyo yose cybersecurity yenyika yakasungwa. [gumi neimwe]

Sidebar: Cybersecurity Inosimbiswa

Munguva pfupi mabhizinesi eRussia achamanikidzwa kutarisisa zvakanyanya kune cybersecurity. Muna Ndira 2017, Nikolai Murashov, mumiriri weCentre for Information Protection uye Special Communications, akataura kuti muRussia, CII zvinhu (yakakosha ruzivo zvivakwa) chete zvakarwiswa kanopfuura mamirioni makumi manomwe muna 2016. Zvinhu zveCII zvinosanganisira masisitimu eruzivo emasangano ehurumende, mabhizinesi eindasitiri yezvidziviriro, zvifambiso, zvikamu zvechikwereti nezvemari, simba, mafuta edzimotokari nemaindasitiri enyukireya. Kuti vadzivirire, musi waChikunguru 70, Mutungamiriri weRussia Vladimir Putin akasaina bumbiro remitemo “Pakuchengetedzeka kweCII.” Pakazosvika Ndira 26, 1, kana mutemo ukatanga kushanda, varidzi vezvivakwa zveCII vanofanirwa kuita seti yezviyero zvekuchengetedza zvivakwa zvavo kubva mukurwiswa kwehacker, kunyanya, kubatana neGosSOPKA. [2018]

Mabhuku

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4. David Talbot. Kombuta Mavhairasi Ari "Rampant" paMedical Devices muzvipatara // MIT Technology Ongororo (Dhijitari). 2012.
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6. Michael Lista. Aive mushambadzi wechidiki akashandisa mamirioni ake pamotokari, mbatya newachi-kusvikira FBI yabata. // Hupenyu hweToronto. 2018.
7. Craig Timberg. Mambure Ekusachengeteka: Njodzi Yakafanotaurwa - uye Yakaregeredzwa // The Washington Post. 2015.
8. Craig Timberg. Hupenyu hurefu hwekukurumidza 'kugadzirisa': Internet protocol kubva 1989 inosiya data iri panjodzi yevapambi // The Washington Post. 2015.
9. Craig Timberg. Mambure Ekusachengeteka: Iyo kernel yenharo // The Washington Post. 2015.
10. Joshua Gans. Inogona Kuvhurika-Source Code Kuita Yedu Y2K Kutya Kupedzisira Kuitika? // Harvard Bhizinesi Ongororo (Dhijitari). 2017.
11. Maneja wepamusoro weKaspersky akasungwa neFSB // Nhau. 2017. URL.
12. Maria Kolomychenko. Cyber ​​​​intelligence service: Sberbank yakaronga kugadzira muzinda wekurwisa matsotsi // RBC. 2017.

Source: www.habr.com