Mhoro Habr.
Anenge munhu wese ane Raspberry Pi kumba, uye ndingaite fungidziro yekuti vazhinji vanayo yakarara isina basa. Asi Raspberry haingori furo yakakosha chete, asiwo ine simba isina fan komputa ine Linux. Nhasi tichatarisa zvinhu zvinobatsira zveRaspberry Pi, izvo zvausingafaniri kunyora kodhi zvachose.
Kune avo vanofarira, zvinyorwa zviri pasi pekucheka. Nyaya yacho inoitirwa vanotanga.
taura pfungwa: Chinyorwa ichi chakagadzirirwa vanotanga vane ruzivo rwekutanga rwekuti IP kero chii, maitiro eSSH muRaspberry Pi uchishandisa putty kana chero imwe terminal, uye maitiro ekugadzirisa mafaera nenano mupepeti. Sekuedza, panguva ino handisi "kuremedza" vaverengi nePython kodhi, hapazove nekuronga zvachose. Kune zvese zvinotevera, chete mutsara wekuraira unokwana. Yakawanda sei chimiro chakadaro chiri kudiwa, ini ndichatarisa kufungidzira kwechinyorwa.
Ehe, ini handisi kuzofunga zvinhu zviri pachena senge FTP server kana network mabhora. Pazasi ndakaedza kuratidza chimwe chinhu chakanyanya kana chisingabatsiri uye chepakutanga.
Tisati taisa chero chinhu, chakakosha mazano: simba rekushandisa (zvichida rakanzi 2.5A, pane kusachaja zita kubva parunhare) uye heatsink ye processor yakakosha zvakanyanya pakushanda kwakagadzikana kweRaspberry Pi. Pasina izvi, Raspberry inogona kuoma, zvikanganiso zvefaira zvinogona kuonekwa, nezvimwewo. Kunyengedza kwezvikanganiso zvakadaro ndezvokuti zvinongoonekwa nguva nenguva, semuenzaniso, panguva yepamusoro yeCPU mutoro kana kana mafaira makuru ari kunyorwa kune SD card.
Usati waisa chero zvikamu, zvinokurudzirwa kugadzirisa sisitimu, zvikasadaro kero dzekare dzeapt command dzinogona kusashanda:
sudo apt-get updateIye zvino unogona kutanga kuisa uye kugadzirisa.
1. WiFi hotspot
Raspberry Pi iri nyore kushandura kuita isina waya yekuwana nzvimbo, uye haufanirwe kutenga chero chinhu, WiFi yatove mubhodhi. Kuti uite izvi, unofanirwa kuisa 2 zvikamu: hostapd (Host access point daemon, access point service) uye dnsmasq (DNS / DHCP server).
Isa dnsmasq uye hostapd:
sudo apt-get install dnsmasq hostapdSeta iyo static IP kero iyo Raspberry Pi ichave nayo pane yeWiFi network. Kuti uite izvi, gadzirisa dhcpcd.conf faira nekuisa murairo sudo nano /etc/dhcpcd.conf. Iwe unofanirwa kuwedzera mitsara inotevera kufaira:
interface wlan0
static ip_address=198.51.100.100/24
nohook wpa_supplicant
Sezvauri kuona, muWiFi network, yedu Raspberry Pi ichava nekero 198.51.100.100 (izvi zvakakosha kuyeuka kana imwe sevha iri kushanda pairi, iyo kero inoda kuiswa mubrowser).
Tevere, isu tinofanirwa kumisikidza IP kutumira, iyo yatinoraira iyo sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf uye kusunungura mutsara net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1.
Iye zvino iwe unofanirwa kugadzirisa iyo DHCP server - inogovera IP kero kumidziyo yakabatana. Tinopinda murairo sudo nano /etc/dnsmasq.conf uye wedzera mitsara inotevera:
interface=wlan0
dhcp-range=198.51.100.1,198.51.100.99,255.255.255.0,24h
Sezvauri kuona, zvishandiso zvakabatana zvichave ne IP kero muhuwandu 198.51.100.1β¦ 198.51.100.99.
Pakupedzisira, yave nguva yekumisikidza Wi-Fi. Kugadzirisa faira /etc/default/hostapd wopinda mumutsara imomo DAEMON_CONF="/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf". Zvino ngatigadzirise hostapd.conf faira nekuisa murairo sudo nano /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf.
Pinda zvigadziriso zvekusvika:
interface=wlan0
driver=nl80211
ssid=Raspberry Pi
hw_mode=g
channel=7
wmm_enabled=0
macaddr_acl=0
auth_algs=1
ignore_broadcast_ssid=0
wpa=2
wpa_passphrase=12345678
wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
wpa_pairwise=TKIP
rsn_pairwise=CCMPPano zvakakosha kuterera kune parameters "ssid" (zita rekupinda zita), "wpa_passphrase" (password), "channel" (channel nhamba) uye "hw_mode" (operation mode, a = IEEE 802.11a, 5 GHz, b = IEEE 802.11 b, 2.4 GHz, g = IEEE 802.11g, 2.4 GHz). Nehurombo, hapana otomatiki chiteshi kusarudzwa, saka iwe uchafanirwa kusarudza isingaite yakabatikana yeWiFi chiteshi iwe pachako.
kosha: munyaya iyi yekuedza, password ndeye 12345678, mune imwe nzvimbo yekuwana chaiyo, unoda kushandisa chimwe chinhu chakaoma. Pane zvirongwa zvinomanikidza brute-force passwords uchishandisa duramazwi, uye nzvimbo yekupinda ine nyore password inogona kubiwa. Eya, kugovera Indaneti nevasiri pasi pemitemo yemazuva ano kunogona kunetsa.
Zvese zvagadzirira, unogona kumisa masevhisi ese.
sudo systemctl unmask hostapd
sudo systemctl enable hostapd
sudo systemctl start hostapd
sudo systemctl reload dnsmasqIsu tinofanira ikozvino kuona iyo itsva yeWiFi hotspot mune runyorwa rwemanetiweki. Asi kuitira kuti Indaneti ionekwe mairi, zvinodikanwa kuti uite kuti packet redirection ibve paEthernet kuenda kuWLAN, iyo yatinoisa murairo. sudo nano /etc/rc.local uye wedzera iyo iptables yekumisikidza mutsara:
sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
Ndizvo. Isu tinotangazve iyo Raspberry Pi, uye kana zvese zvakaitwa nemazvo, tinogona kuona nzvimbo yekuwana uye kubatana nayo.
Sezvauri kuona, kumhanya hakuna kunyanya kushata, uye zvinokwanisika kushandisa WiFi yakadaro.
Nenzira, zviduku mazano: Unogona kushandura zita retiweki reRaspberry Pi nekumhanyisa rairo sudo raspi-gadziriso. Izvo zvinokanganisa ku (kushamisika :) raspberrypi. Izvi zvichida ruzivo rwakawanda. Zvisinei, havasi vose vanoziva kuti zita iri rinowanikwawo pane network yemunharaunda, asi iwe unoda kuwedzera ".local" kwairi. Semuenzaniso, unogona kupinda kuRaspberry Pi yako kuburikidza neSSH nekuisa iyo murairo putty [email inodzivirirwa]. Ichokwadi, pane imwe caveat: izvi zvinoshanda paWindows neLinux, asi hazvishande paAroid - iwe uchiri kufanira kuisa IP kero pamaoko ipapo.
2. Media server
Pane 1001 nzira dzekugadzira media server paRaspberry Pi, ini ndinongovhara iyo iri nyore. Ngatitii tine muunganidzwa watinofarira wemafaira eMP3 uye tinoda kuti ivepo panetiweki yemuno kune ese ma media media. Tichaisa sevha yeMiniDLNA paRaspberry Pi inogona kutiitira izvi.
Kuti uise, isa mutemo sudo apt-tora kuisa minidlna. Ipapo iwe unofanirwa kugadzirisa iyo config nekuisa murairo sudo nano /etc/minidlna.conf. Ikoko iwe unofanirwa kuwedzera mutsara mumwe chete unoratidza nzira kumafaira edu: media_dir=/home/pi/MP3 (zvechokwadi, nzira inogona kunge yakasiyana). Mushure mekuvhara faira, tangazve sevhisi:
sudo systemctl tangazve minidlna
Kana isu taita zvese nemazvo, isu tichava neyakagadzirirwa-yakagadzirwa midhiya server pane yemuno network kwaunogona kuridza mimhanzi kuburikidza nedesktop yeWiFi radio kana kuburikidza neVLC-Player mu Android:
Tip: Kuisa mafaera kuRaspberry Pi kuri nyore kwazvo neWinSCP - chirongwa ichi chinokutendera kuti ushande neRPi maforodha zviri nyore sekunge kune emuno.
3. SDR inogamuchira
Kana isu tine RTL-SDR kana SDRPlay inogamuchira, tinogona kuishandisa paRaspberry Pi tichishandisa GQRX kana CubicSDR chirongwa. Izvi zvinokutendera iwe kuti uve neyakazvimirira uye yakanyarara SDR inogamuchira iyo inogona kushanda kunyange kutenderera wachi.
Ndinokumbira ruregerero nekuda kwemhando yescreenshot kubva paTV skrini:
Nerubatsiro rweRTL-SDR kana SDRPlay, zvinokwanisika kugashira masaini eredhiyo akasiyana neakawanda anosvika 1 GHz (kunyangwe akakwira zvishoma). Semuenzaniso, haugone kuteerera kwete chete kune yakajairwa FM radio, asiwo hurukuro dzevatyairi vendege kana mamwe masevhisi. Nenzira, maredhiyo amateurs nerubatsiro rweRaspberry Pi anogona kugamuchira, decode uye kutumira masaini kune server. .
Hurukuro yakadzama yeSDR radio inodarika chiyero chechinyorwa ichi, unogona kuverenga zvimwe .
4. Server ye "smart home"
Kune avo vanoda kuita kuti imba yavo ive nehungwaru, unogona kushandisa yemahara OpenHAB chirongwa.
Iyi haisi kunyange chirongwa chete, asi chimiro chese chine mapulagi akasiyana-siyana, zvinyorwa zvinokutendera kuti udzore zvishandiso zvakasiyana (Z-Wave, Philips Hue, nezvimwewo). Vanoshuvira vanogona kudzidza zvakadzama off.site .
Nenzira, sezvo tiri kutaura nezve "smart home", iyo Raspberry Pi inogona kunyatso mhanyisa MQTT sevha inogona kushandiswa neakasiyana maturusi emuno.
5. Mutengi weFlightRadar24
Kana iwe uri mutyairi wendege uye uchigara munzvimbo ine FlightRadar kufukidzwa kwakashata, unogona kubatsira nharaunda nevafambi vese nekuisa inogamuchira. Zvese zvaunoda ndeye RTL-SDR inogamuchira uye Raspberry Pi. Sebhonasi, iwe unowana yemahara yekuwana iyo FlightRadar24 Pro account.
Yakakwana mirayiridzo pana Habr.
mhedziso
Zvechokwadi, hazvisi zvose zvakanyorwa pano. Iyo Raspberry Pi ine simba rakawanda rekugadzirisa uye inogona kushandiswa mumabasa akasiyana-siyana, kubva kune retro game console kana vhidhiyo yekutarisa, kune rezinesi rekuziva plate, kana kunyangwe sevhisi yekuongorora nyeredzi. kuona meteors.
Nenzira, zvakanyorwa hazvina basa kwete chete kuRaspberry Pi, asiwo kune akasiyana "clones" (Asus Tinkerboard, Nano Pi, nezvimwewo), mapurogiramu ese angangoshanda ipapo zvakare.
Kana vateereri vachifarira (izvo zvichange zvichitemerwa nezviyero zvechinyorwa), musoro wacho unogona kupfuuridzirwa.
Uye semazuva ese, rombo rakanaka kune wese.
Source: www.habr.com