Kunyangwe pasina kunyanya kunzwisisa zvizvarwa zvemafoni ekutaurirana zviyero, chero munhu angangopindura kuti 5G inotonhorera kupfuura 4G/LTE. Muchokwadi, zvese hazvisi nyore. Ngationei kuti sei 5G iri nani / yakaipisisa uye ndedzipi zviitiko zvekushandiswa kwayo zvakanyanya kuvimbisa, tichifunga nezvemamiriro azvino.
Saka, tekinoroji ye5G inotivimbisei?
- Kumhanya kunowedzera makumi enguva kusvika ku10 Gb / s,
- Kuderedza kunonoka (latency) nemakumi enguva kusvika ku1 ms,
- Kuwedzera kuvimbika kwekubatanidza (packet kurasikirwa kukanganisa mwero) mazana enguva,
- Kuwedzera kuwanda (nhamba) yemidziyo yakabatana (106/km2).
Zvose izvi zvinowanikwa kuburikidza ne:
- multichannel (parallelism kumativi ose uye zviteshi zvepasi)
- kuwedzera redhiyo inotakura frequency kubva kumayuniti kusvika kumakumi emakumi eGHz (redhiyo chiteshi kugona)
5G ichavandudza pa4G munzvimbo dzechinyakare, kungave kudhawunirodha bhaisikopo pakarepo kana kubatanidza nharembozha kune gore. Saka, zvichagoneka here kuramba kuendesa iyo Internet kumafurati edu nemahofisi kuburikidza netambo?
5G ichapa kubatana kwepasi rose kubva kune zvese kune zvese, kubatanidza yakakwirira-bandwidth, simba-nzara mapuroteni ane nhete-bhendi, ane simba-anoshanda. Izvi zvichavhura nzira nyowani dzisingasvikike kune 4G: muchina-kune-muchina kutaurirana pasi uye mumhepo, Indasitiri 4.0, iyo Internet yezvinhu. kuti bhizinesi re5G richawana $3.5T ne2035 uye kugadzira mamiriyoni makumi maviri nemaviri emabasa.
Kana kuti kwete?..
(Mufananidzo - Reuters)
Sei basa iri
Kana iwe uchiziva mashandiro anoita 5G, svetuka chikamu ichi.
Saka, tingaite sei kukurumidza kufambisa data mu5G, sezvatsanangurwa pamusoro? Aya haasi mamwe emhando yemashiripiti, ndizvo here?
Kuwedzera kwekumhanya kuchaitika nekuda kwekuchinja kune yakakwira frequency renji - yaimbove isina kushandiswa. Semuenzaniso, kuwanda kweWiFi yekumba ndeye 2,4 kana 5 GHz, kuwanda kweiyo iripo nharembozha iri mukati me2,6 GHz. Asi kana tichitaura nezve 5G, isu tiri kutaura nezve makumi egigahertz. Zviri nyore: isu tinowedzera frequency, kuderedza wavelength - uye yekumhanyisa data inova yakakura zvakapetwa. Uye network yese inoturunurwa.
Heino pikicha yekuona kuti yaive sei uye kuti ichave sei. Waive:
Kuda:
(Kwakabva: IEEE Spectrum, )
Iyo frequency yakawedzera zvakapetwa kagumi, saka mu5G tiri kubata neapfupi, mamirimita masaisai. Havapfuure nemuzvipingamupinyi zvakanaka. Uye maererano neizvi, iyo network architecture iri kuchinja. Kana kurukurirano dzekare dzakapihwa kwatiri neshongwe huru, dzine simba dzaipa kutaurirana pamusoro pemadaro marefu, zvino zvichave zvakafanira kuisa akawanda compact, shongwe dzepasi-simba kwese kwese. Uye ramba uchifunga kuti mumaguta makuru iwe uchada zviteshi zvakawanda, nekuda kwechiratidzo chakavharwa nezvivakwa zvepamusoro. Saka, kushongedza New York nechivimbo ne5G network, unoda nhamba yezviteshi zvepasi i500 (!) nguva.
By Vashandi veRussia, shanduko kuenda ku5G ichavapa mari inosvika 150 bhiriyoni rubles - mutengo unofananidzwa nemitengo yapfuura yekuendesa network ye4G, uye izvi kunyangwe hazvo mutengo wechiteshi che5G wakaderera pane uripo (asi mazhinji acho. zvinodiwa).
Sarudzo mbiri dzetiweki: landline uye mobile
Tekinoroji inoshandiswa kuderedza kushandiswa kwemagetsi uye kuwedzera huwandu kuvhenekerwa - dhizaini dhizaini yeredhiyo kune mumwe munhu anonyoresa. Izvi zvinoitwa sei? Chiteshi chepasi chinorangarira kwakabva chiratidzo uye panguva ipi (chinouya kwete chete kubva pafoni yako, asiwo sechiratidzo kubva kune zvipingamupinyi), uye uchishandisa nzira dze triangulation, inoverengera yaunofunga nzvimbo, uyezve inovaka iyo yakakwana yechiratidzo nzira.
Kunobva: Analysys Mason
Nekudaro, kudikanwa kwekutevera chinzvimbo cheanogamuchira kunotungamira kune mutsauko mudiki pakati peyakagadziriswa uye nharembozha dzekushandisa, uye izvi zvinoratidzwa mune dzakasiyana siyana dzekushandisa (zvimwe pane izvi gare gare muchikamu che "Consumer Market").
Status Quo
Maitiro
Iko hakuna yakagamuchirwa 5G standard. Tekinoroji yakanyanya kuomarara uye kune vatambi vakawandisa vane zvinopokana zvido.
Iyo 5G NR yakajairwa iri mudanho rakagadziriswa rezano (New Radio) kubva kusangano re3GPP (Chizvarwa Chechitatu Kubatana Purojekiti), iyo yakagadzira zviyero zvekare, 3G uye 4G. 5G inoshandisa mabhendi maviri eredhiyo (Frequency Range, kana kuti kungopfupisa FR) FR1 inopa frequency pazasi 6GHz. FR2 - pamusoro pe24 GHz, inonzi. millimeter masaisai. Iyo chiyero inotsigira vakamira uye vanofambisa vanogamuchira uye ndeyekumwe kusimudzira kweiyo 5GTF yakajairwa kubva kuAmerican telecom hofori Verizon, inotsigira chete vanogamuchira vakamira (iyi mhando yesevhisi inonzi yakagadziriswa isina waya yekuwana network).
Iyo 5G NR chiyero inopa matatu ekushandisa kesi:
- eMBB (yakawedzera Mobile Broadband) - inotsanangura nharembozha yatakajaira;
- URLLC(Ultra Yakavimbika Yakaderera Latency Kukurukurirana) - zvinodikanwa zvakakwirira zvekumhanya kwekupindura uye kuvimbika - kumabasa akadai sekutakura akazvimirira kana kuvhiyiwa kure;
- mMTC (Muchina hombe Type Communications) - kutsigirwa kwenhamba yakawanda yezvishandiso zvisingawanzo kutumira data - nyaya yeInternet yezvinhu, kureva, mamita uye zvigadziridzo zvekuongorora.
Kana muchidimbu, chinhu chimwe chete pamufananidzo:
Izvo zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti iyo indasitiri ichatanga yakatarisana nekushandisa eMBB sechiitiko chinonzwisisika nekubuda kwemari kuripo.
Kutevedzera
Kubva 2018, kuyedzwa kukuru kwakaitwa, semuenzaniso, kumitambo yeOlympic yechando muSouth Korea. Muna 2018, vese veRussia Big Four vanoshanda vakaita bvunzo. MTS yakaedza tekinoroji nyowani - shandisa makesi ane mafoni ekufona, yakakwirira-tsanangudzo vhidhiyo kutumira, uye mitambo yepamhepo yakaedzwa.
MuSouth Korea, kekutanga pasirese, sevhisi ye5G yakapihwa mukupera kwa2018. Kuburitswa kwepasirese kwekutengeserana kunotarisirwa gore rinouya, 2020. Padanho rekutanga, iyo FR1 bhendi ichashandiswa seyekuwedzera kune iripo 4G network. Zvinoenderana nezvirongwa zveBazi reTelecom uye Mass Communications, muRussia 5G ichatanga kuoneka mumaguta ane huwandu hwevanhu vanopfuura miriyoni kubva 2020. Mukuita, kutumirwa kukuru kuchagadziriswa nekukwanisa kuita mari, uye ichi chikamu che5G hachisati chanyatsojeka.
Dambudziko rekuita mari nderei? Icho chokwadi ndechekuti vafambisi venhare havasati vaona zvikonzero zvinogombedzera zvemazuva ano: manetwork aripo anogona kubata nemutoro zvakanaka. Uye ikozvino ivo vanofunga nezve 5G yakawanda maererano nekushambadzira: iyo 5G icon pahwindo refoni ichave yakawedzera mumaziso evanonyorera telecom operator. An anecdotal case with , uyo akaisa chiratidzo che 5G mukusavapo kwetiweki chaiyo, iyo vakwikwidzi vakamumhan'arira nekuda kwekunyengera.
Kana iwe ukanyatsotarisisa, unogona kuona kuti iyo icon ndeye "5GE" - iyo inomiririra 5G Evolution, uye kamwe kamwe iyi haisi iyo 5G yatinofunga nezvayo, asi ingori label rakagadzirwa nevashambadziri kune iripo LTE network ine kumwe kuvandudzwa.
Chipsets
Makambani eMicroelectronics akatoisa mabhiriyoni akawanda emadhora mu5G. Chips ye5G NR cellular modem inopihwa neSamsung (Qualcomm (), Huawei () Mamodemu kubva kuIntel, mutambi mutsva mumusika uyu, anotarisirwa pakupera kwa 2019. Iyo Samsung modem inogadzirwa uchishandisa 10nm FinFET tekinoroji uye inopindirana nemitemo yekare, kutanga ne2G. Mune frequency renji inosvika 6 GHz inopa kumhanya kurodha kunosvika 2 Gb/s; kana uchishandisa millimeter wave, kumhanya kunowedzera kusvika 6 Gb/s.
Nhare
Vanenge vese vagadziri vemafoni eAndroid vakazivisa hurongwa hwekuunza 5G. Samsung yakaratidza mureza weGalaxy S10 mushanduro ye5G paMobile World Congress pakupera kwaKukadzi 2019. Yakaburitswa muKorea musi wa5 Kubvumbi. MuUS, chigadzirwa chitsva chakaonekwa muna Chivabvu 16, uye ipapo kubatana kunoitika netiweki yeTerecom operator Verizon. Vamwe vashandisi vari kubatawo: AT&T inozivisa hurongwa hwekuburitsa yechipiri smartphone pamwe neSamsung muhafu yechipiri ye2.
Mukufamba kwegore, mafoni e5G kubva kune vakasiyana vagadziri, kunyanya iwo ekutanga, anorova masherufu ezvitoro. Maererano nekumwe fungidziro, tekinoroji nyowani ichawedzera mutengo wemidziyo nemadhora mazana maviri-200 uye mubhadharo wekunyoresa ne300%.
Musika wevatengi
Nyaya 1. Imba Internet
5G yakagadziriswa isina waya yekuwana network ichava imwe nzira kune wired Internet mudzimba dzedu. Kana kare iyo Internet yakauya kuimba yedu kuburikidza netambo, ipapo mune ramangwana ichauya kubva kune 5G shongwe, uye ipapo router ichaiparadzira kuburikidza neyakajairika WiFi kumba. Makambani makuru evatambi apedza gadziriro, achiwiriranisa kuburitswa kwemarouter ari kutengeswa nekutumirwa kwe5G network. Yakajairika 5G router inodhura $700-900 uye inopa kurodha kumhanya kwe2-3 Gbps. Nenzira iyi, vashandi vachagadzirisa dambudziko re "maira yekupedzisira" ivo pachavo uye kuderedza mari yekuisa waya. Uye hapana chikonzero chekutya kuti aripo emusana network haazotarisana nekuwedzera kwetraffic ichauya kubva ku5G network: tsvakiridzo iri kuenderera nekushandiswa kweiyo iripo yekuchengetedza fiber optic network - iyo inonzi "black fiber" ( fiber yakasviba).
Mamiriro ezvinhu aya achava matsva sei kune vashandisi? Parizvino, mune dzimwe nyika ivo havachashandisi echinyakare imba wired Internet, uye vari kuchinjika kuLTE: zvinozoitika kuti zvinokurumidza uye zvakachipa kushandisa nharembozha mumamiriro ese ezvinhu, nemitero iri nyore iripo. Aya mamiriro, semuenzaniso, akakura muKorea. Uye zvinoratidzwa mune iyi komiki:
Nyaya 2. Kuungana kwevanhu vakawanda
Chokwadi munhu wese anga ari mumamiriro ezvinhu asingafadzi akadaro: huya kukuratidzira kana nhandare, uye nharembozha inonyangarika. Uye izvi ndizvo chaizvo panguva yaunoda kutumira foto kana kunyora pasocial network.
Nhandare
Samsung yakaita bvunzo pamwe chete neJapan telecom operator KDDI panhandare yebaseball ine zvigaro zviuru makumi matatu. Tichishandisa bvunzo mahwendefa e30G, takakwanisa kuratidza 5K vhidhiyo kutenderera pamahwendefa akati wandei panguva imwe chete.
Nhandare ndeimwe yezviitiko zvitatu zvinoratidzwa munzvimbo yedemo inonzi 5G Guta, iri muSuwon (muzinda weSamsung). Zvimwe zviitiko zvinosanganisira nzvimbo yemuguta (inobatanidza makamera evhidhiyo, sensors uye mabhodhi emashoko) uye nzvimbo yepamusoro-yepamusoro yekuendesa HD video kune bhazi rinofamba: apo inopfuura nepo, firimu rine nguva yekurodha.
mutambo
Niantic, musiki wepasi-ane mukurumbira nzvimbo-based game Pokemon Go, ane tariro huru ye5G. Uye ichi ndicho chikonzero: kwete kare kare, zviitiko zveboka zvakaonekwa mumutambo - kuparadza. Kupambwa kunoda kuti iwe uronge pamwe nevamwe vatambi kuti vashande pamwechete kuti vakunde PokΓ©mon ine simba, uye izvi zvinogadzira mamiriro anonakidza muhupenyu chaihwo. Nekudaro, iyo huru ine mukurumbira nzvimbo yemutambo neiyo isingawanzo Pokemon Mewtwo iri mu Times Square muNew York - unogona kufungidzira izvo boka revanhu rinogona kuungana ipapo, risingabatanidzi vavhimi vePokemon chete, asiwo vashanyi chete.
Augmented reality inoonekwawo se "mhondi app" ye5G. Mune izvozvo iwe unogona kuona iyo pfungwa yeiyo chaiyo-nguva mashiripiti duels ari kuvandudzwa naNiantic mumutambo mutsva wakavakirwa paHarry Potter. Niantic yakatopinda mukudyidzana neSamsung uye vanoshanda Deutsche Telecom uye SK Telecom.
senga
Pakupedzisira, nyaya yechitima inonakidza. Imwe pfungwa yakabuda yekupa njanji ne5G kutaurirana kwekuvaraidza uye kunyaradza vatyairi. Yunivhesiti yeBristol kudzidza : kuti uwane yakakwira-kumhanya isina musono kutaurirana, iwe unofanirwa kushongedza njanji nenzvimbo dzekuwana uri chinhambwe che800 metres kubva kune mumwe!
Muenzaniso wekuisa nzvimbo dzekupinda munzira yenjanji
Miedzo yakaitwa zvinobudirira pachitima chinoshanda pedyo neTokyo - yavo uye Samsung pamwe chete neye telecom opareta KDDI. Munguva yekuedzwa, kumhanya kwe1,7 Gbps kwakawanikwa, uye panguva yekuyedzwa, vhidhiyo ye8K yakatorwa uye vhidhiyo ye4K yakaiswa kubva kamera.
Zvitsva zvekushandisa
Asi zvese izvi zvinongove mhinduro kumatambudziko atozivikanwa kwatiri. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvitsva zvinogona kutipa 5G?
Motokari yakabatanidzwa
Iyo yakanyanya mukana ndeye yakaderera latency, ichibvumira michina kutaurirana kune imwe neimwe kumhanya inosvika 500 km / h. Kusiyana nevatyairi vevanhu, motokari pakupedzisira dzichakwanisa kutaurirana pakati padzo kana kuti nezvivako zvakarongwa pamusoro pemafambisirwo, zvichiita kuti mugwagwa uve wakachengeteka. Zvinonakidza kuti sisitimu ichafunga nezvemamiriro ekunze: munhu wese anoziva kuti mumamiriro ekunze anotsvedza daro rebhureki rakareba, saka mitemo muhurongwa hwakadaro inofanira kuchinja.
IEuropean 5GAA (Automotive Association) yatounza pamwechete anopfuura zana makuru efoni uye vagadziri vemotokari pasirese kuti vakurumidze kutumirwa kweC-V100X (Cellular Vehicle-To-Everything). Zvinangwa zvikuru zvemubatanidzwa ndezvekuchengetedza migwagwa kwakadzama uye kunyatsoshanda kwemigwagwa. Vatyairi vemabhasikoro nevanofamba netsoka vane 2G smartphones vanogonawo kuvimba nekuchengeteka. Vatori vechikamu chetraffic pamakiromita anosvika 5 km vachakwanisa kutaurirana zvakananga; pamadaro marefu vanozoda 1G yekuvhara. Iyo sisitimu ichaita kuti kuve nekusikwa kwemakoridhi emapurisa nema ambulensi, kupa shanduko yema sensors pakati pemota, kure kutyaira uye zvimwe zvishamiso. Mushure mekutangwa kweC-V5X, sangano rinoronga kushandisa ruzivo rwakawanikwa mu2G V5X, uko kunotora chinangwa kuindasitiri 2, maguta akangwara uye zvese zvinofamba zvinoshandisa 4.0G.
Mienzaniso yemamiriro ezvinhu anogona kugadziriswa uchishandisa Yakabatanidzwa Mota. Kunobva: Qualcomm
5G ichabvumira kutaurirana kwete chete kumotokari dzepasi, asiwo kune ndege. Gore rino, Samsung, pamwe neSpanish Internet mupi Orange, , kuti mutyairi ari kure akadzora sei kubhururuka kwe drone achishandisa yakashandiswa 5G network uye kugamuchira yakakwirira-resolution video stream munguva chaiyo. American mupi Verizon akatenga muna 2017 , inovimbisa mamirioni endege dzakabatana ne5G. Iyo drones yekambani yakatobatana neVerizon's live 4G network.
Indasitiri 4.0
Kazhinji, izwi rekuti "Industrie 4.0" rakagadzirwa muGermany nekuda kwechirongwa chekuvandudza maindasitiri. Kushamwaridzana (5G Alliance for Connected Industries and Automation), ine muzinda kuGermany, yanga ichibatanidza makambani ekugadzira anofarira kushandisa 2018G kubvira 5. Izvo zvakanyanya zvinodikanwa zvekunonoka uye kuvimbika zvinoiswa nekutonga kwekufamba kwemarobhoti eindasitiri, uko nguva yekupindura haigone kudarika makumi emamicroseconds. Izvi zvino kugadziriswa kushandisa Industrial Ethernet (somuenzaniso, EtherCAT mureza). Zvingangoita kuti 5G ichakwikwidza iyi niche futi!
Mamwe maapplication, akadai sekutaurirana pakati pevatongi veindasitiri kana nevashandisi vevanhu, sensor network, haina kudiwa. Mazuva ano, mazhinji emanetiweki aya anoshandisa tambo, saka isina waya 5G inoita kunge iri mhinduro ine hupfumi, mukuwedzera kubvumidza kukurumidza kugadziridzwa kwekugadzira.
Mukuita, kugona kwehupfumi kunotungamira mukugamuchirwa kwe5G munzvimbo dzinodhura dzevashandi vevanhu, senge vatyairi veforklift mumafekitori nematura. Nokudaro, kambani yeEuropean engineering Acciona yakaratidza . Iyo trolley inotumira 360-vhidhiyo mukutsanangurwa kwepamusoro, uye mushandisi ari kure anoibatsira kuti ibude mumamiriro ezvinhu asingatarisirwi. Ngoro inoshandisa tekinoroji ye5G kubva kuCisco uye Samsung.
Remote kubatana matekinoroji achaenda mberi. Gore rino, zvakaratidzwa kuti nyanzvi yekuvhiya inoona sei kufambira mberi kwekuvhiyiwa kwegomarara munguva chaiyo, kunoitika makiromita mazhinji kubva kure, uye anoratidza vaanoshanda navo maitiro ekuita oparesheni. Sezvo tekinoroji inovandudza, achakwanisa kutora basa rakawanda, kudzora zvakananga zvishandiso zvekuvhiya.
Internet yezvinhu
Chekutanga pane zvese, 5G ichagadzirisa dambudziko reakawanda uye asina kutsigirwa zvisina kutsigirwa Internet yeZvinhu zvekutaurirana zviyero, izvo parizvino, mumaonero edu, zvinomisa kusimukira kwenzvimbo ino.
Pano 5G inogona kupa zvinotevera:
- Ad hoc network (isina ma routers)
- High density yezvishandiso zvakabatana
- Inotsigira narrowband, simba-rinoshanda (10+ makore pabhatiri rimwe) kutaurirana
Asi zvinoita sekunge bhizinesi hombe richiri kunyanya kufarira mamwe mamiriro kunze kweInternet yezvinhu. Kutsvaga kwekukurumidza kweinternet hakuna kuwana kuratidzwa nevatambi vakuru vezvibatsiro zve5G yeInternet yezvinhu.
Kupedzisa musoro uyu, ngatitarisei kune inotevera inonakidza mukana. Mazuva ano, kutsamira pane chinobuda kana kudiwa kwekutsiva mabhatiri kunomisa sarudzo ye "zvinhu". Low frequency inductive wireless charger inoshanda chete pachinhambwe chemacentimita mashoma. 5G nemasaisai ayo anotungamira mamirimita anogonesa kuchaja kuri kuita madaro emamita akati wandei. Kunyangwe zvimiro zvazvino zvisingatauri izvi, hatina mubvunzo kuti mainjiniya achakurumidza kuwana nzira dzekushandisa mukana uyu!
Developer Features
Kana iwe uchifarira dingindira, ndekupi kwaunoenda?
Kubatana. Iwe uchakwanisa kusangana pachako nevatambi ve5G pamisangano yeRussia inouya Chivabvu 29-30, Chivabvu 30-31, Chikumi 25-27, 24 Gumiguru.
Pakati pevadzidzi vezvidzidzo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa yakaitirwa paInstitute of Information Transmission Problems.
Mari. Vatambi vakakosha vari kuita makwikwi ekushandisa 5G munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana. MuUS Verizon munguva pfupi yapfuura "Yakavakirwa pa5G Dambudziko" makwikwi eIndasitiri 4.0, inonyudza mutengi application (VR / AR), uye mazano ekubudirira (kuchinja mararamiro edu nekushanda). Makwikwi akavhurika kune akanyoreswa mabhizinesi madiki eUS uye zvikumbiro zvinogamuchirwa kusvika Chikunguru 15th. Mari yemubairo i$1M. Vachakunda vachaziviswa muna Gumiguru wegore rino.
Basa. Mukuwedzera kune Big Four mobile operators, kune makambani akati wandei muRussia ari kuronga kushandisa 5G munguva pfupi iri kutevera. Iyo bhizinesi modhi yeanotungamira kuburitsa mupi wekupa muRussia uye iyo CIS, CDNVideo, mubhadharo wehuwandu hwemotokari yakagamuchirwa. Kushandiswa kwe5G, iyo inogona kuderedza mutengo uyu, ichabvumira kambani kuderedza mari. PlayKey iri kusimudzira mitambo mugore, uye hazvishamise kuti inorongawo kushandisa 5G.
Open Source, inogona kuita basa rinokosha mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu. American inotsigira 5G. European inounza pamwe chete avo vanoda kunzvenga zvikamu zvevaridzi zve5G zvivakwa. Strategic nzvimbo dzinosanganisira kutsigirwa kwe5G modem uye software-yakatsanangurwa masisitimu, heterogeneous network uye Internet yezvinhu. virtualizes radio access network. Kuitwa kweiyo network core inowanikwa kubva .
Vanyori:
Stanislav Polonsky - Musoro weDhipatimendi Rekutsvagisa uye Kuvandudza Dhipatimendi reSamsung Research Center
Tatyana Volkova - Munyori wekharikhulamu yeIoT chirongwa Samsung Academy, nyanzvi muzvirongwa zvemakambani ekuita basa paSamsung Research Center.
Source: www.habr.com