Ndinotenda kuti tese tinoenda kuresitorendi neshamwari kana vatinoshanda navo. Uye mushure menguva inofadza, muchengeti anounza cheki. Nyaya yacho inogona kugadziriswa nenzira dzakawanda:
- Nzira yekutanga, "nyoro". A 10-15% "tip" kune muchengeti inowedzerwa kune cheki cheki, uye mari inoguma inoparadzaniswa zvakaenzana pakati pevarume vose.
- Nzira yechipiri ndeye "socialist". Cheki yakakamurwa zvakaenzana pakati pemunhu wese, zvisinei nekuti vakadya nekunwa zvakadii.
- Nzira yechitatu ndeye "fair". Wese munhu anobatidza karukureta parunhare rwake otanga kuverenga mutengo wendiro dzavo pamwe nehumwe huwandu hwe "tip", zvakare munhu.
Mamiriro eresitorendi akafanana zvakanyanya nemamiriro ezvinhu neIT inodhura mumakambani. Mune ino post tichataura nezvekugoverwa kwemari pakati pemadhipatimendi.
Asi tisati tanyura mugomba rakadzika-dzika reIT, ngatidzokere kumuenzaniso weresitorendi. Imwe neimwe yenzira dziri pamusoro apa dze "cost allocation" ine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira. Kukanganisa kuri pachena kwenzira yechipiri: mumwe anogona kudya miriwo yaKesari saladhi pasina huku, uye imwe inogona kudya ribeye steak, saka mari yacho inogona kusiyana zvakanyanya. Iyo yakaderera ye "yakanaka" nzira ndeyokuti kuverenga kwakareba kwenguva refu, uye mari yose inogara iri shoma pane iri mucheki. Common situation?
Zvino ngatimbofungidzira kuti tainakidzwa muresitorendi kuChina, uye cheki yakaunzwa muChinese. Zvose zviri pachena pane mari. Kunyangwe vamwe vangafungidzira kuti iyi haisi iyo mari zvachose, asi zuva razvino. Kana kuti, ngatitii izvi zvinoitika muIsraeri. Vanoverenga kubva kurudyi kuenda kuruboshwe, asi vanonyora sei nhamba dzacho? Ndiani anogona kupindura pasina Google?
Sei kugoverwa kuchidiwa kune IT uye bhizinesi?
Saka, iyo IT department inopa masevhisi kumapoka ese ekambani, uye inotengesa masevhisi ayo kumapoka ebhizinesi. Uye, kunyangwe panogona kunge pasina hukama hwehukama hwemari pakati pemadhipatimendi mukati mekambani, bhizinesi rega rega rinofanirwa kunzwisisa zvishoma kuti rinoshandisa marii paIT, kuti imarii kuburitsa zvigadzirwa zvitsva, kuyedza matanho matsva, nezvimwe. Zviri pachena kuti kuvandudza uye kuwedzera kwezvivakwa zvinobhadharwa kwete nengano "modernizer, mutsigiri wevanobatanidza system nevagadziri vemidziyo," asi nebhizinesi, iro rinofanira kunzwisisa kushanda kwemitengo iyi.
Zvikwata zvebhizinesi zvinosiyana muhukuru pamwe nekusimba kwekushandisa kwavo zviwanikwa zveIT. Saka, kupatsanura mutengo wekusimudzira IT zvivakwa zvakaenzana pakati pemadhipatimendi ndiyo nzira yechipiri ine zvese zvayakaipira. Iyo "yakanaka" nzira inonyanya kufarirwa mune iyi kesi, asi yakanyanya basa-yakanyanya. Sarudzo yakanyatsonaka inoita senge "quasi-fair" sarudzo, kana mari ikagoverwa kwete kune penny, asi nekurongeka kunonzwisisika, sezvakaita muchikoro geometry tinoshandisa nhamba π se3,14, uye kwete kutevedzana kwenhamba. mushure meiyo decimal point.
Kufungidzira mutengo wemasevhisi eIT kunobatsira zvakanyanya mukubata neiyo imwechete IT infrastructure kana uchibatanidza kana kupatsanura chikamu chekubata kuita chakasiyana chimiro. Izvi zvinokutendera kuti uverenge nekukurumidza mutengo weIT masevhisi kuitira kuti utore huwandu uhu mukurangarira kana uchironga. Zvakare, kunzwisisa mutengo weIT masevhisi kunobatsira kuenzanisa sarudzo dzakasiyana dzekushandisa uye kuva neIT zviwanikwa. Kana varume vakapfeka masutu ezviuru zvemadhora vachitaura nezvekuti chigadzirwa chavo chinogona kukwirisa sei mitengo yeIT, kuwedzera izvo zvinoda kuwedzerwa, uye kuderedza izvo zvinoda kudzikiswa, kuongorora mutengo unoramba uripo weIT masevhisi unobvumira CIO kuti isavimbe nehupofu vimbiso dzekushambadzira. , asi kunyatsoongorora mhedzisiro inotarisirwa uye kutonga mhedzisiro.
Kune bhizinesi, kugoverwa mukana wekunzwisisa mutengo weIT masevhisi pamberi. Chero chinodikanwa chebhizinesi hachiongororwe sekuwedzera kweiyo IT bhajeti neakawanda muzana muzana, asi inotemerwa sehuwandu hwechimwe chinodikanwa kana sevhisi.
Nyaya chaiyo
Chinokosha "kurwadziwa" kweCIO yekambani huru yaive yakakosha kunzwisisa nzira yekugovera mari pakati pezvikwata zvebhizimisi uye kupa kubatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kweIT maererano nekushandiswa.
Semhinduro, takagadzira IT masevhisi Calculator iyo yakakwanisa kugovera mutengo wakazara weIT kutanga kuIT masevhisi uyezve kumabhizinesi mayuniti.
Iko kune mabasa maviri chaiwo: kuverenga mutengo webasa reIT uye kugovera mutengo pakati pemabhizinesi emayuniti uchishandisa iyi sevhisi maererano nevamwe vatyairi (a "quasi-fair" nzira).
Pakutanga kuona, izvi zvinogona kutaridzika zviri nyore kana, kubva pakutanga, masevhisi eIT akatsanangurwa nemazvo, ruzivo rwakaiswa muCMDB yekumisikidza dhatabhesi uye iyo IT asset manejimendi system ITAM, zviwanikwa uye sevhisi mhando dzakavakwa uye bhuku remasevhisi eIT rakagadzirwa. developed. Chokwadi, mune iyi kesi, kune chero IT sevhisi zvinokwanisika kuona kuti ndezvipi zviwanikwa zvazvinoshandisa uye kuti yakawanda sei zviwanikwa izvi zvinodhura, uchifunga nezvekuderera. Asi isu tiri kubata neakajairika bhizinesi reRussia, uye izvi zvinomisa zvimwe zvirambidzo. Nekudaro, hapana CMDB uye ITAM, pane chete katalog yeIT masevhisi. Imwe neimwe sevhisi yeIT inowanzomiririra hurongwa hweruzivo, kuwana kwairi, rutsigiro rwemushandisi, nezvimwe. Iyo IT sevhisi inoshandisa masevhisi ezvivakwa akadai se "DB Server", "Application Server", "Data Storage System", "Data Network", etc. Naizvozvo, kugadzirisa mabasa akapihwa zvinodikanwa:
- sarudza mutengo wemabasa ezvivakwa;
- kugovera mutengo wezvivakwa masevhisi kune IT masevhisi uye kuverenga mutengo wavo;
- sarudza vatyairi (coefficients) yekugovera mutengo weIT masevhisi kumabhizinesi mayuniti uye kugovera mutengo weIT masevhisi kumabhizinesi mayuniti, nekudaro kugovera huwandu hwemitengo yedhipatimendi reIT pakati pezvimwe zvikamu zvekambani.
Yese mari yegore yeIT inogona kumiririrwa sehomwe yemari. Imwe yebhegi iri yakashandiswa pamidziyo, basa rekutama, kuvandudza, marezinesi, rutsigiro, mihoro yevashandi, nezvimwe. Nekudaro, kuomarara kuri munzira ye accounting yekuverengera midziyo yakagadziriswa uye zvinhu zvisingabatike muIT.
Ngatitorei muenzaniso wepurojekiti yekuvandudza hurongwa hweSAP. Sechikamu chepurojekiti, zvishandiso uye marezinesi zvinotengwa, uye basa rinoitwa nekubatsirwa kweiyo system integrator. Kana uchivhara purojekiti, maneja anofanira kugadzira mapepa kuitira kuti midziyo ye accounting ibatanidzwe mumidziyo yakatarwa, marezinesi anosanganisirwa muzvinhu zvisingabatike, uye rimwe basa rekugadzira uye rekutumira rinonyorwa semari yakadzoserwa. Dambudziko nhamba yekutanga: kana uchinyoresa semidziyo yakagadziriswa, accountant yemutengi haana basa kuti ichanzi chii. Naizvozvo, mune zvakagadziriswa midziyo tinogashira iyo asset "UpgradeSAPandMigration". Kana, sechikamu chepurojekiti, disk array yakagadziriswa, iyo isina chokuita neSAP, izvi zvinowedzera kuomesa kutsvaga mari uye kuwedzera kugoverwa. Muchokwadi, chero midziyo inogona kuvanzwa kuseri kweiyo "UpgradeSAPandMigration" asset, uye iyo nguva yakawanda inopfuura, zvakanyanya kuoma kunzwisisa izvo chaizvo zvakatengwa ipapo.
Izvi zvinoshandawo kune zvinhu zvisingabatike, izvo zvine fomula yekuverengera yakaoma. Kuwedzera kuomarara kunowedzerwa nenyaya yekuti nguva yekutanga midziyo nekuiisa pabharari pepa inogona kusiyana neanenge gore. Uyezve, kuderera kwemakore mashanu, asi chaizvoizvo midziyo inogona kushanda zvakanyanya kana zvishoma, zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu.
Nekudaro, zvinokwanisika kuverenga mutengo weIT masevhisi ne100% kunyatsoita, asi mukuita ichi chiitiko chakareba uye chisina maturo. Naizvozvo, isu takasarudza nzira iri nyore: mari inogona kuverengerwa kune chero zvivakwa kana IT sevhisi inoratidzwa zvakananga kune inoenderana sevhisi. Mari yakasara inogoverwa pakati pemasevhisi eIT maererano nemimwe mitemo. Izvi zvinokutendera iwe kuti uwane huchokwadi hunosvika 85%, izvo zvakakwana zvakakwana.
Mudanho rekutanga Kugovera mitengo yemasevhisi ezvivakwa, mishumo yezvemari neye accounting yemapurojekiti eIT uye "kuzvidira kwakanaka" kunoshandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu apo zvisingaite kupa mari kune chero sevhisi yezvivakwa. Mari dzakagoverwa kungave zvakananga kune IT masevhisi kana kune masevhisi ezvivakwa. Nekuda kwekugoverwa kwemitengo yegore negore, tinowana huwandu hwemari yebasa rega rega rekuvaka.
Muchikamu chechipiri kugovera coefficients pakati peIT masevhisi akatemerwa masevhisi akadai se "Application Server", "Database Server", "Data Storage", nezvimwe. Mamwe masevhisi ezvivakwa, semuenzaniso, "Nzvimbo dzebasa", "Wi-Fi yekuwana", "Vhidhiyo musangano" haina kugovaniswa pakati pemasevhisi eIT uye inopihwa zvakananga kune bhizinesi zvikamu.
Panguva iyi mafaro anotanga. Semuenzaniso, funga sevhisi yezvivakwa se "Application Servers". Iyo iripo mune ingangoita yese IT sevhisi, mune maviri ezvivakwa, aine uye pasina virtualization, ine uye isina redundancy. Nzira iri nyore ndeyekugovera mari inoenderana nemacores anoshandiswa. Kuti tiverenge "maparrots akafanana" uye kwete kupesanisa macores emuviri neaya chaiwo, tichifunga nezve oversubscription, isu tinofungidzira kuti imwe yemuviri musimboti yakaenzana neatatu chaiwo. Ipapo iyo mutengo yekugovera fomula ye "Application Server" sevhisi yezvivakwa kune yega yega IT sevhisi inotaridzika seizvi:
,
uko Rsp ndiwo mutengo wakakwana we "Application Servers" sevhisi yezvivakwa, uye Kx86 neKr ndiwo macoefficients anoratidza mugove wex86 uye P-series maseva.
Iwo coefficients anotemerwa empirically zvichienderana nekuongororwa kweiyo IT zvivakwa. Mutengo wecluster software, virtualization software, masisitimu anoshanda uye application software inoverengerwa seyakasiyana masevhisi ezvivakwa.
Ngatitorei muenzaniso wakaoma. Infrastructure service "Database Servers". Inosanganisira mutengo we Hardware uye mutengo wemarezinesi edatabase. Saka, mutengo wemidziyo nemarezinesi unogona kuratidzwa mune fomula:
uko РHW ne РLIC ndiwo mutengo wakazara wemidziyo uye mutengo wakakwana wemarezinesi edatabase, zvichiteerana, uye KHW neKLIC ndiwo empirical coefficients anotaridza kugoverwa kwemitengo yehardware nemarezinesi.
Kupfuurirazve, nehardware yakafanana neyakapfuura muenzaniso, asi nemarezinesi mamiriro acho akanyanya kuoma. Nzvimbo yekambani inogona kushandisa akati wandei akasiyana dhatabhesi, seOracle, MSSQL, Postgres, nezvimwe. Saka, iyo formula yekuverenga kugoverwa kweiyo dhatabhesi, semuenzaniso, MSSQL, kune imwe sevhisi inoita seizvi:
uko KMSSQL iri coefficient inosarudza chikamu cheiyi dhatabhesi mune yekambani IT landscape.
Mamiriro acho anotonyanya kuoma nekuverenga uye kugoverwa kwedhisheni yekuchengetedza data nevagadziri vakasiyana-siyana uye marudzi akasiyana emadhisiki. Asi tsananguro yechikamu ichi inyaya yenzvimbo yakaparadzana.
Chii mumagumo?
Mhedzisiro yechiitwa ichi inogona kunge iri Excel Calculator kana otomatiki chishandiso. Izvo zvese zvinoenderana nekukura kwekambani, maitiro akatangwa, mhinduro dzakaitwa uye chishuwo chemanejimendi. Calculator yakadaro kana inomiririra inomiririra data inobatsira kugovera zvakaringana mutengo pakati pemabhizinesi mayuniti uye kuratidza kuti sei uye chii iyo IT bhajeti yakagoverwa. Chishandiso chimwe chete chinogona kuratidza zviri nyore kuti kuvandudza kuvimbika kwesevhisi (redundancy) kunowedzera mutengo wayo, kwete nemutengo weserver, asi uchifunga nezvese mari inobatanidzwa. Izvi zvinobvumira bhizinesi neCIO "kutamba pabhodhi rimwechete" nemitemo yakafanana. Paunenge uchironga zvigadzirwa zvitsva, mari inogona kuverengerwa pachine nguva uye kugona kuongororwa.
Igor Tyukachev, chipangamazano kuJet Infosystems
Source: www.habr.com