Kana iwe ukatonga chaiwo zvivakwa zvakavakirwa paVMware vSphere (kana chero imwe tekinoroji stack), iwe unowanzo kunzwa zvichemo kubva kuvashandisi: "Muchina chaiwo unononoka!" Mune ino nhevedzano yezvinyorwa ini ndichaongorora maitiro ekuita uye kukuudza kuti chii uye nei ichidzikira uye maitiro ekuita shuwa kuti haidzike.
Ini ndichafunga zvinotevera maficha eiyo virtual muchina kuita:
- cpu,
- RAM
- DISK,
- Network.
Ndichatanga neCPU.
Kuti tiongorore kushanda tichada:
- vCenter Performance Counters - performance counters, magirafu ayo anogona kutariswa kuburikidza neVSphere Client. Ruzivo pamakaunda aya runowanikwa mune chero vhezheni yemutengi ("mukobvu" mutengi muC #, mutengi wewebhu muFlex uye wewebhu mutengi muHTML5). Muzvinyorwa izvi tichashandisa zvidzitiro kubva kuC # mutengi, chete nekuti ivo vanotaridzika zvirinani mudiki :)
- ESXTOP - chishandiso chinomhanya kubva kuESXi yekuraira mutsara. Nerubatsiro rwayo, unogona kuwana kukosha kwezviverengero zvemaitiro munguva chaiyo kana kurodha izvi zvakakosha kweimwe nguva mu.csv faira kuti uwedzere kuongororwa. Tevere, ini ndichakuudza zvimwe nezve chishandiso ichi uye nekupa akati wandei anobatsira maratidziro kune zvinyorwa uye zvinyorwa pamusoro pechinyorwa.
Chimwe chezvinyorwa
MuESXi, imwe nzira yakaparadzana - nyika muVMware terminology - ine basa rekushanda kwevCPU yega yega (virtual machine core). Kune zvakare masevhisi maitiro, asi kubva padanho rekuongorora mashandiro eVM haanyanyo kunakidza.
A muitiro ESXi anogona kuva mumwe mana anoti:
- manya - maitiro anoita rimwe basa rinobatsira.
- mira - maitiro haasi kuita chero basa (risina basa) kana kumirira kupinza / kubuda.
- Costop - mamiriro anoitika mune akawanda-musimboti chaiwo muchina. Zvinoitika kana iyo hypervisor CPU scheduler (ESXi CPU Scheduler) isingakwanise kuronga kuurayiwa panguva imwe chete yeese anoshanda chaiwo emuchina cores pane yemuviri server cores. Munyika yenyama, ese ma processor cores anoshanda zvakafanana, muenzi OS mukati meVM anotarisira maitiro akafanana, saka hypervisor inofanirwa kudzikamisa VM cores inokwanisa kupedzisa wachi yavo nekukurumidza. Mushanduro dzemazuva ano dzeESXi, iyo CPU scheduler inoshandisa nzira inonzi yakazorora co-kuronga: iyo hypervisor inofunga mukaha pakati pe "inokurumidza" uye "inononoka" virtual muchina core (skew). Kana iyo gap ikapfuura imwe chikumbaridzo, iyo yekukurumidza core inopinda mu costop state. Kana VM cores ikapedza nguva yakawanda iri mudunhu iri, inogona kukonzera nyaya dzekuita.
- gadzirira - maitiro anopinda munharaunda iyi kana hypervisor isingakwanise kugovera zviwanikwa pakuitwa kwayo. Yakakwirira yakagadzirira kukosha inogona kukonzera VM kuita matambudziko.
Basic virtual muchina CPU performance counters
Kushandisa CPU, %. Inoratidza huwandu hwekushandiswa kweCPU kwenguva yakatarwa.
Nzira yekuongorora? Kana VM ichigara ichishandisa CPU pa90% kana paine mapeaks anosvika zana, saka tine matambudziko. Matambudziko anogona kuratidzwa kwete chete mu "kunonoka" kushanda kwechikumbiro mukati meVM, asiwo mukusasvikika kweVM pane network. Kana iyo yekutarisa system ichiratidza kuti iyo VM nguva nenguva inodonha, teerera kune mapikisi ari muCPU Usage graph.
Iko kune yakajairwa Alarm inoratidza iyo CPU mutoro weiyo chaiyo muchina:
Chii chandinofanira kuita? Kana VM's CPU Usage ichigara ichipfuura nepamusoro pedenga, saka unogona kufunga nezve kuwedzera huwandu hwevCPUs (zvinosuruvarisa, izvi hazviwanzo kubatsira) kana kufambisa iyo VM kune sevha ine ane simba processors.
Kushandisa CPU muMHz
Mune magirafu ari pa vCenter Usage mu% unogona kuona chete yemuchina wese chaiwo; hapana magirafu ega ega cores (muEsxtop mune % kukosha kwemacores). Kune yega yega musimboti unogona kuona Kushandiswa muMHz.
Nzira yekuongorora? Izvo zvinoitika kuti application haina kugadziridzwa yeakawanda-musimboti architecture: inoshandisa imwechete musimboti 100%, uye mamwe ese haana basa asina mutoro. Semuyenzaniso, ine default backup marongero, MS SQL inotanga maitiro pane imwechete musimboti. Somugumisiro, kuchengetedza kunononoka kwete nekuda kwekunonoka kwema disks (izvi ndizvo zvakanyunyuta nemushandisi pakutanga), asi nokuti purosesa haigoni kurarama. Dambudziko rakagadziriswa nekuchinja ma parameter: backup yakatanga kumhanya yakafanana mune akati wandei mafaera (zvichienderana, mune akati wandei maitiro).
Muenzaniso wekusaenzana mutoro pamacores.
Kune zvakare mamiriro (sezviri mugirafu riri pamusoro) apo macores akaremerwa zvisina kuenzana uye mamwe acho aine mapeaks e100%. Sekurodha musimboti mumwe chete, iyo alarm yeCPU Usage haishande ( ndeye VM yese), asi pachave nematambudziko ekuita.
Chii chandinofanira kuita? Kana iyo software yemuchina chaiwo inoremedza macores zvisina kuenzana (inoshandisa chete core kana chikamu chemacores), hapana chikonzero chekuwedzera nhamba yavo. Muchiitiko ichi, zviri nani kutamisa VM kune sevha ine ma processor ane simba.
Iwe unogona zvakare kuedza kutarisa masisitimu ekushandisa simba muBIOS server. Vazhinji maneja vanogonesa High Performance modhi muBIOS uye nekudaro vanodzima C-states uye P-inoti simba rekuchengetedza tekinoroji. Mazuva ano Intel processors anoshandisa Turbo Boost tekinoroji, iyo inowedzera kuwanda kweyega processor cores pamutengo wemamwe macores. Asi inoshanda chete kana matekinoroji ekuchengetedza simba akabatidzwa. Kana tikavadzima, processor haigone kuderedza mashandisiro emagetsi emacores asina kutakurwa.
VMware inokurudzira kusadzima matekinoroji ekuchengetedza simba pamaseva, asi kusarudza modhi dzinosiya manejimendi emagetsi kune hypervisor zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Muchiitiko ichi, mune hypervisor simba rekushandisa zvigadziriso, unofanirwa kusarudza High Performance.
Kana iwe uine maVM ega (kana maVM cores) mune yako zvivakwa zvinoda kuwedzera CPU frequency, kunyatsogadzirisa mashandisiro emagetsi kunogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya mashandiro avo.
CPU Yakagadzirira
Kana iyo VM musimboti (vCPU) iri muReady state, haiite basa rinobatsira. Ichi chiitiko chinoitika kana hypervisor ikasawana yemahara yemuviri musimboti iyo chaiyo muchina wevCPU maitiro anogona kupihwa.
Nzira yekuongorora? Kazhinji, kana chaiwo muchina macores ari mu Ready state kupfuura 10% yenguva, iwe unozoona nyaya dzekuita. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, kupfuura 10% yenguva iyo VM inomirira kuti zviwanikwa zvenyama zvivepo.
Mu vCenter unogona kuona 2 counters ane hukama neCPU Yakagadzirira:
- kugadzirira,
- Ready.
Hukoshi hweakaverengera ese ari maviri anogona kutariswa ese eVM yese uye kune ega macores.
Kugadzirira kunoratidza kukosha nekukurumidza sechikamu, asi chete muReal-time (data yeawa yekupedzisira, kupindirana kwekuyera masekonzi makumi maviri). Zviri nani kushandisa counter iyi chete kutsvaga matambudziko "kupisa pazvitsitsinho".
Yakagadzirira counter values ββinogona zvakare kutariswa kubva munhoroondo maonero. Izvi zvinobatsira pakugadzira mapatani uye nekuongorora kwakadzama kwedambudziko. Semuenzaniso, kana muchina chaiwo ukatanga kuona matambudziko ekuita pane imwe nguva, unogona kuenzanisa nguva dzeCPU Ready kukosha neiyo yakazara mutoro pane sevha iyo VM iri kushanda, uye tora matanho ekudzikisa mutoro (kana DRS. akakundikana).
Yakagadzirira, kusiyana neKugadzirira, inoratidzwa kwete muzvikamu, asi mumamilliseconds. Iyi iSummation type counter, ndiko kuti, inoratidza kuti yakareba sei panguva yekuyera iyo VM musimboti yaive muReady state. Unogona kushandura kukosha uku kuita muzana uchishandisa fomula iri nyore:
(CPU yakagadzirira kupfupisa kukosha / (chati default update nguva mumasekondi * 1000)) * 100 = CPU yakagadzirira%
Semuenzaniso, kune iyo VM mugirafu pazasi, iyo yepamusoro Yakagadzirira kukosha kweiyo yese virtual muchina ichave inotevera:
Paunenge uchiverenga iyo Ready percentage, unofanirwa kuterera kune maviri mapoinzi:
- Iko Kugadzirira kukosha kweVM yese ihuwandu hweKugadzirira pamacores.
- Kuyera nguva. Kune Chaiyo-nguva ndeye 20 masekonzi, uye, semuenzaniso, pamachati ezuva nezuva ndeye 300 masekonzi.
Nekushanda kwekugadzirisa matambudziko, aya mapoinzi ari nyore anogona kupotsa uye nguva yakakosha inogona kutambisa mukugadzirisa matambudziko asipo.
Ngativerengei Yakagadzirira zvichibva pane data kubva pagirafu pazasi. (324474/(20*1000))*100 = 1622% yeVM yose. Kana iwe ukatarisa macores haanyanye kutyisa: 1622/64 = 25% per core. Muchiitiko ichi, kubata kuri nyore kuona: iyo Yakagadzirira kukosha haina chokwadi. Asi kana isu tichitaura nezve 10-20% yeVM yese ine akati wandei macores, saka kune yega yega kukosha kunogona kunge kuri mukati meyakajairika.
Chii chandinofanira kuita? Iyo yakakwira Yakagadzirira kukosha inoratidza kuti sevha haina zvakakwana processor zviwanikwa zvezvakajairwa kushanda kwemashini chaiwo. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai, chasara kudzikisa kunyoreswa zvakanyanya ne processor (vCPU: pCPU). Zviripachena, izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa nekudzikisira ma paramita eVM aripo kana nekufambisa chikamu cheVM kune mamwe maseva.
Co-stop
Nzira yekuongorora? Kaunda iyi zvakare ndeyerudzi rweSummation uye inoshandurwa kuita maperesenti nenzira yakafanana neKugadzirira:
(CPU co-stop summation kukosha / (chati default update nguva mumasekondi * 1000)) * 100 = CPU co-stop%
Pano iwe zvakare unofanirwa kutarisisa kune huwandu hwemacores paVM uye kuyerwa kupindirana.
Mune costop state, kernel haiite basa rinobatsira. Nekusarudzwa kwakaringana kwehukuru hweVM uye mutoro wakajairika pane sevha, iyo co-stop counter inofanira kunge iri padyo ne zero.
Muchiitiko ichi, mutoro wacho unoratidzika kunge usina kujairika :)
Chii chandinofanira kuita? Kana maVM akati wandei ane huwandu hukuru hwemacores ari kushanda pane imwe hypervisor uye paine oversubscription paCPU, ipapo co-stop counter inogona kuwedzera, izvo zvinozotungamira kumatambudziko nekuita kwemaVM aya.
Zvakare, co-stop ichawedzera kana macores anoshanda eVM imwe akashandisa tambo pane imwe yemuviri server core ine hyper-treading inogoneswa. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anogona kumuka, semuenzaniso, kana VM iine macores akawanda kupfuura anowanikwa pane sevha pairi kushanda, kana iyo "preferHT" kuseta yakagoneswa kuVM. Unogona kuverenga pamusoro pegadziriro iyi .
Kuti udzivise matambudziko nekuita kweVM nekuda kwepamusoro co-stop, sarudza saizi yeVM zvinoenderana nekurudziro yemugadziri wesoftware inomhanya paVM iyi uye kugona kwesevha yemuviri panomhanya VM.
Usawedzera macores mukuchengetedza; izvi zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko ekuita kwete chete kuVM pachayo, asiwo kune vavakidzani vayo pane server.
Zvimwe zvinobatsira CPU metrics
manya - inguva yakawanda sei (ms) panguva yekuyera iyo vCPU yaive muRUN state, ndiko kuti, yaive ichiita basa rinobatsira.
Wamasimba - kwenguva yakareba sei (ms) panguva yekuyera nguva iyo vCPU yakanga iri mumamiriro ekusaita. High Idle values ββharisi dambudziko, iyo vCPU ichangove "isina chekuita."
mira - kwenguva yakareba sei (ms) panguva yekuyera iyo vCPU yaive muWait state. Sezvo IDLE inosanganisirwa mune ino counter, yakakwira Mirira tsika zvakare hairatidze dambudziko. Asi kana Mirira IDLE yakaderera kana Wait yakakwira, zvinoreva kuti VM yanga yakamirira kuti I/O mashandiro apedze, uye izvi, zvakare, zvinogona kuratidza dambudziko nekushanda kwehard drive kana chero madhiraivha eVM.
Max limited - kwenguva yakareba sei (ms) panguva yekuyera iyo vCPU yaive muReady state nekuda kweiyo yakatarwa resource limit. Kana kuita kwakadzikira zvisingatsananguriki, saka zvinobatsira kutarisa kukosha kwekaunda iyi uye muganho weCPU muzvirongwa zveVM. MaVM anogona kunge aine miganhu yausingazive. Semuenzaniso, izvi zvinoitika kana VM yakaumbwa kubva patemplate iyo iyo CPU muganho wakaiswa.
Chinjana kumirira - inguva yakareba sei panguva yekuyera iyo vCPU yakamirira kuvhiyiwa neVMkernel Swap. Kana kukosha kwekaunda iyi kuri pamusoro zero, saka VM zvechokwadi ine matambudziko ekuita. Isu tichataura zvakawanda nezve SWAP mune chinyorwa nezve RAM zviverengero.
ESXTOP
Kana zviverengero zvekuita muvCenter zvakanaka pakuongorora nhoroondo yedata, saka mashandiro ekuongorora dambudziko anoitwa zvirinani muESXTOP. Pano, kukosha kwese kunounzwa mune yakagadzirira-yakagadzirwa fomu (hapana chikonzero chekushandura chero chinhu), uye iyo shoma yekuyera nguva ndeye 2 masekondi.
Iyo ESXTOP skrini yeCPU inodanwa kumusoro ne "c" kiyi uye inoita seizvi:
Kuti zvive nyore, unogona kusiya chete chaiwo maitiro emuchina nekudzvanya Shift-V.
Kuti utarise metrics ega ega VM cores, tinya "e" uye isa iyo GID yeVM yekufarira (30919 mune iyo skrini pazasi):
Rega ndipfuure muchidimbu makoramu anoratidzwa nekusarudzika. Mamwe makoramu anogona kuwedzerwa nekudzvanya "f".
NWLD (Nhamba yeNyika) - nhamba yemaitiro muboka. Kuwedzera boka uye kuona metrics ega ega maitiro (semuenzaniso, kune yega yega musimboti mu-multi-core VM), tinya "e". Kana paine maitiro anopfuura rimwechete muboka, saka mametric values ββeboka akaenzana nehuwandu hwemetrics kune yega maitiro.
%USED - mangani maseva CPU matenderedzwa anoshandiswa nemaitiro kana boka remaitiro.
%RUN - kwenguva yakareba sei panguva yekuyera iyo nzira yaive muRUN state, i.e. akaita basa rinobatsira. Iyo yakasiyana ne% USED pakuti haifungi nezve hyper-threading, frequency scaling uye nguva inoshandiswa pamabasa ehurongwa (% SYS).
%SYS - nguva inoshandiswa pamabasa ehurongwa, semuenzaniso: kuvhiringidza kushandiswa, I / O, network network, etc. Kukosha kunogona kuva yakakwirira kana VM ine I / O yakakura.
%OVRLP - inguva yakawanda sei iyo yemuviri musimboti iyo VM maitiro ari kuita inopedzerwa pamabasa emamwe maitiro.
Aya ma metrics anoenderana kune imwe neimwe seinotevera:
%USED = %RUN + %SYS - %OVRLP.
Kazhinji iyo %USED metric ine ruzivo rwakanyanya.
% WAIT - inguva yakareba sei panguva yekuyera iyo nzira yaive muWait state. Inogonesa IDLE.
%IDLE - inguva yakareba sei panguva yekuyera iyo nzira yaive muIDLE state.
%SWWPWT - inguva yakareba sei panguva yekuyera iyo vCPU yakamirira kuvhiyiwa neVMkernel Swap.
%VMWAIT - kwenguva yakareba sei panguva yekuyera vCPU yakanga iri mumamiriro ekumirira chiitiko (kazhinji I / O). Iko hakuna yakafanana counter muvCenter. Hunhu hwepamusoro hunoratidza matambudziko neI/O paVM.
%WAIT = %VMWAIT + %IDLE + %SWPWT.
Kana iyo VM isingashandisi VMkernel Swap, saka kana uchiongorora matambudziko ekuita zvinokurudzirwa kutarisa %VMWAIT, sezvo metric iyi isingatarise nguva iyo VM yaisaita chinhu (% IDLE).
% RDY - inguva yakareba sei panguva yekuyera iyo nzira yaive muReady state.
%CSTP - inguva yakareba sei panguva yekuyerwa iyo nzira yaive mu costop state.
%MLMTD - inguva yakareba sei panguva yekuyera iyo vCPU yaive muReady state nekuda kweiyo yakatarwa resource muganho.
% WAIT + %RDY + %CSTP + %RUN = 100% - iyo VM core inogara iri mune imwe yeidzi nyika ina.
CPU pane hypervisor
vCenter zvakare ine CPU performance counters ye hypervisor, asi hapana chinhu chinonakidza - ingori huwandu hwezviverengero zveVM ese pane server.
Iyo yakanyanya nyore nzira yekuona iyo CPU mamiriro pane sevha iri pane Summary tab:
Kune sevha, pamwe neyeiyo chaiyo muchina, kune yakajairwa Alarm:
Kana sevha CPU inotakura yakakwira, maVM anomhanya pairi anotanga kusangana nematambudziko ekuita.
MuESXTOP, server CPU load data inoratidzwa pamusoro pechidzitiro. Pamusoro peiyo yakajairwa CPU mutoro, iyo isinganyanyi kudzidzisa kune hypervisors, kune mamwe matatu metrics:
CORE UTIL(%) - kurodha iyo yemuviri server musimboti. Iyi counter inoratidza inguva yakadii iyo musimboti wakaita basa panguva yekuyera.
PCPU UTIL(%) - kana hyper-threading yakagoneswa, saka kune maviri tambo (PCPU) pamusimboti wemuviri. Iyi metric inoratidza kuti shinda yega yega yakatora nguva yakareba sei kupedza basa.
PCPU USED(%) - zvakafanana nePCPU UTIL (%), asi inofunga nezve frequency scaling (zvichida kuderedza musimboti frequency yezvinangwa zvekuchengetedza simba, kana kuwedzera core frequency nekuda kweTurbo Boost tekinoroji) uye hyper-threading.
PCPU_USED% = PCPU_UTIL% * inoshanda musimboti frequency / nominal core frequency.
Mune ino skrini, kune mamwe macores, nekuda kweTurbo Boost, iyo USED kukosha yakakura kupfuura zana, sezvo iyo yakakosha frequency yakakwirira kupfuura yezita.
Mazwi mashoma ekuti hyper-threading inotorwa sei. Kana maitirwo achiitwa 100% yenguva pane ese ari maviri tambo dzemukati sevha yepakati, nepo musimboti uchishanda pane yezita frequency, zvino:
- CORE UTIL yepakati ichave 100%,
- PCPU UTIL kune ese tambo ichave 100%,
- PCPU INOSHANDISA kune ese shinda ichave 50%.
Kana shinda dzese dzisina kushanda 100% yenguva panguva yekuyerwa, saka panguva idzodzo apo tambo dzakashanda dzakafanana, PCPU USED yemacores inokamurwa nepakati.
ESXTOP zvakare ine skrini ine server CPU simba rekushandisa paramita. Pano iwe unogona kuona kana sevha inoshandisa magetsi ekuchengetedza magetsi: C-states uye P-states. Inodanwa ne "p" kiyi:
Common CPU Performance Matambudziko
Chekupedzisira, ndichaenda pamusoro pezvakajairwa zvinokonzeresa matambudziko neVM CPU kuita uye ndipe matipi mapfupi ekuagadzirisa:
Iko kumhanya kwewachi hakuna kukwana. Kana zvisingaite kukwidziridza VM yako kune mamwe ane simba cores, unogona kuedza kushandura masisitimu emagetsi kuti Turbo Boost ishande zvakanyanya.
Zvisizvo VM saizi (yakawandisa / mashoma macores). Kana iwe ukaisa mashoma macores, pachave nepamusoro CPU mutoro paVM. Kana paine yakawanda, bata yakakwira co-stop.
Yakakura oversubscription yeCPU pane server. Kana iyo VM iine yakakwira Yakagadzirira, deredza kunyoreswa kweCPU.
NUMA topology isiriyo pamaVM akakura. NUMA topology inoonekwa neVM (vNUMA) inofanira kufanana neNUMA topology ye server (pNUMA). Diagnostics uye zvinogona kugadzirisa dambudziko iri zvakanyorwa, semuenzaniso, mubhuku . Kana iwe usingade kudzika zvakadzika uye iwe usina zvirambidzo zverezinesi paOS yakaiswa paVM, ita akawanda chaiwo masokisi paVM, imwe musimboti panguva. Iwe hausi kuzorasikirwa zvakanyanya :)
Ndizvo zvese kwandiri nezve CPU. Bvunza mibvunzo. Muchikamu chinotevera ndichataura nezve RAM.
Useful links
Source: www.habr.com