Muchinyorwa chino tichataura nezve random access memory (RAM) performance counters muvSphere.
Zvinoita sekunge nekurangarira zvese zviri pachena kupfuura ne processor: kana matambudziko ekuita akamuka paVM, zvakaoma kusazviona. Asi kana vakaonekwa, zvakanyanya kuoma kubata navo. Asi zvinhu zvekutanga kutanga.
Chimwe chezvinyorwa
Iyo RAM yemashini chaiwo inotorwa kubva mundangariro yeseva iyo maVM ari kushanda. Izvi zviri pachena :). Kana sevha RAM isina kukwana kune wese munhu, ESXi inotanga kushandisa ndangariro kudzorera maitiro. Zvikasadaro, maVM anoshanda masisitimu aizopunzika nezvikanganiso zvekuwana RAM.
ESXi inosarudza kuti ndedzipi matekiniki ekushandisa zvichienderana nekuremerwa kwe RAM:
Chimiro chendangariro
Border
Zviito
High
400% yeminFree
Mushure mekusvika pamuganho wepamusoro, mapeji makuru ekurangarira anopatsanurwa kuita madiki (TPS inoshanda mune yakajairwa modhi).
Clear
100% yeminFree
Mapeji makuru ekurangarira akapatsanurwa kuita madiki, TPS inomanikidzwa.
nyorovera
64% yeminFree
TPS + Chibharumu
Hard
32% yeminFree
TPS + Compress + Swap
Low
16% yeminFree
Compress + Swap + Block
minFree ndiyo RAM inodiwa kuti hypervisor iite.
Kusvika kuESXi 4.1 inosanganisirwa, minFree yakagadziriswa nekusagadzika - 6% ye RAM yeseva (iyo muzana inogona kuchinjwa kuburikidza neMem.MinFreePct sarudzo paESXi). Mune shanduro dzakazotevera, nekuda kwekukura kwendangariro pamaseva, minFree yakatanga kuverengerwa zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekurangarira kweanotambira, uye kwete seyakagadziriswa muzana kukosha.
Iyo minFree kukosha (default) inoverengerwa sezvizvi:
Chikamu chendangariro chakachengeterwa minFree
Memory range
6%
0-4 GB
4%
4-12 GB
2%
12-28 GB
1%
Kusara ndangariro
Semuenzaniso, kune sevha ine 128 GB ye RAM, iyo MinFree kukosha ichave seizvi:
MinFree = 245,76 + 327,68 + 327,68 + 1024 = 1925,12 MB = 1,88 GB
Iko kukosha chaiko kunogona kusiyana nemazana mashoma MB, zvichienderana neserver uye RAM.
Chikamu chendangariro chakachengeterwa minFree
Memory range
Kukosha kwe128GB
6%
0-4 GB
245,76 MB
4%
4-12 GB
327,68 MB
2%
12-28 GB
327,68 MB
1%
Yasara ndangariro (100 GB)
1024 MB
Kazhinji, kune zvimire zvinogadzira, iyo Yepamusoro chete ndiyo inogona kutorwa seyakajairika. Zvekuyedza nekusimudzira mabhenji, Zvakajeka / Zvinyoro zvinyoro zvinogona kugamuchirwa. Kana iyo RAM pane iyo saiti iri pasi pe64% MinFree, saka maVM ari kushanda pairi ari kusangana nematambudziko ekuita.
Munzvimbo yega yega, mamwe maitiro ekudzoreredza ndangariro anoshandiswa, kutanga kubva kuTPS, iyo isina kana mhedzisiro pakuita kweVM, kuenda kuSwapping. Ndichakuudza zvimwe pamusoro pavo.
Transparent Page Kugovera (TPS). TPS iri, ingangoita kutaura, kudzokororwa kwemapeji eRAM emakina chaiwo pane server.
ESXi inotsvaga akafanana chaiwo muchina RAM mapeji nekuverenga uye kuenzanisa iyo hashi sum yemapeji, uye inobvisa akadhindwa mapeji, achiatsiva nemareferensi kune imwecheteyo peji mundangariro yemuviri yeseva. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kushandiswa kwendangariro kwemuviri kunodzikiswa uye kumwe kunyoreswa kwendangariro kunogona kuwanikwa pasina kana kuita kwekuita.
Muchina uyu unongoshanda kumapeji ekurangarira e4 KB muhukuru (mapeji madiki). Iyo hypervisor haitomboyedze kudhiza mapeji 2 MB muhukuru (mapeji mahombe): mukana wekuwana mapeji akafanana ehukuru uhu hauna kunaka.
Nekutadza, ESXi inogovera ndangariro kumapeji makuru. Kupatsanura mapeji mahombe mumapeji madiki kunotanga kana High state pachikumbaridzo chasvika uye chinomanikidzwa kana Iyo Yakajeka mamiriro yasvika (ona iyo hypervisor state table).
Kana iwe uchida kuti TPS itange kushanda isina kumirira kuti RAM inotambira izere, unofanirwa kuseta kukosha mu Advanced Options ESXi "Mem.AllocGuestLargePeji" ku0 (default 1). Ipapo kugovaniswa kwemapeji makuru endangariro kumashini chaiwo anozovharwa.
Kubva muna Zvita 2014, mune zvese zvinoburitswa zveESXi, TPS pakati peVMs yakavharwa nekusarudzika, sekusagadzikana kwakawanikwa kunobvumira imwe VM kuwana RAM yeimwe VM. Details pano. Ini handina kuwana ruzivo nezve kuita kwekushandisa kwekushandisa kusazvibata kweTPS.
TPS mutemo inodzorwa kuburikidza nepamusoro sarudzo "Mem.ShareForceSalting" paESXi:
0 - Inter-VM TPS. TPS inoshandira mapeji eVM akasiyana;
1 - TPS yeVM ine "sched.mem.pshare.salt" imwechete kukosha muVMX;
2 (default) - Intra-VM TPS. TPS inoshanda kumapeji mukati meVM.
Izvo zvine musoro kudzima mapeji makuru uye kugonesa Inter-VM TPS pamabhenji ebvunzo. Izvi zvinogona zvakare kushandiswa kumire nenhamba huru yemaVM akafanana. Semuenzaniso, pazvimire neVDI, kuchengetedza mundangariro yemuviri kunogona kusvika makumi muzana.
Memory Ballooning. Ballooning haisisiri nzira isingakuvadzi uye yakajeka yeVM inoshanda sisitimu seTPS. Asi kana ikashandiswa nemazvo, unogona kurarama uye kunyange kushanda neBallooning.
Pamwe chete neVmware Zvishandiso, mutyairi akakosha anonzi Balloon Driver (aka vmmemctl) anoiswa paVM. Kana iyo hypervisor inotanga kupera ndangariro yemuviri uye ichipinda muSoft state, ESXi inobvunza VM kuti itorezve RAM isina kushandiswa kuburikidza neBalloon Driver iyi. Mutyairi, zvakare, anoshanda padanho rekushandisa system uye anokumbira yemahara memory kubva kwairi. Iyo hypervisor inoona kuti ndeapi mapeji endangariro yemuviri iyo Balloon Driver yakagarwa, inotora ndangariro kubva kumuchina chaiwo woidzosera kumugadziri. Iko hakuna matambudziko nekushanda kweOS, sezvo padanho reOS ndangariro inogarwa neBalloon Driver. Nekutadza, Balloon Driver inogona kutora kusvika 65% yeVM memory.
Kana VMware Zvishandiso zvisina kuiswa paVM kana Ballooning yakaremara (ini handizvikurudzire, asi pane :), iyo hypervisor pakarepo inoshandura kune mamwe maitiro akaoma ekubvisa ndangariro. Mhedziso: ita shuwa kuti VMware Zvishandiso zviri paVM.
Kushanda kweBalloon Driver kunogona kutariswa kubva kuOS kuburikidza neVMware Zvishandiso.
Memory Compression. Nzira iyi inoshandiswa kana ESXi inosvika Hard state. Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, ESXi inoedza kudzvanya peji ye 4KB ye RAM mu 2KB, nekudaro ichisunungura imwe nzvimbo mundangariro yemuviri ye server. Iyi tekinoroji inowedzera zvakanyanya nguva yekuwana kune zviri mukati meVM RAM mapeji, sezvo peji rinofanirwa kutanga rakadhindwa. Dzimwe nguva haasi ese mapeji anogona kumanikidzwa uye maitiro acho pachawo anotora nguva. Nokudaro, nzira iyi haina kunyatsoshanda mukuita.
Memory Swapping. Mushure mechikamu chipfupi cheMemory Compression, ESXi zvinenge zvisingaite (kana maVM asina kutamira kune mamwe mauto kana asina kudzimwa) switch to Swapping. Uye kana paine ndangariro shoma yasara (Low state), ipapo hypervisor inomirawo kugovera mapeji ekurangarira kuVM, izvo zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko mumushanyi OS weVM.
Aya ndiwo mashandiro anoita Swapping. Paunobatidza muchina chaiwo, faira ine .vswp extension inogadzirirwa iyo. Yakaenzana muhukuru kuVM's isina kuchengetedzwa RAM: uyu ndiwo mutsauko uripo pakati peyakagadzirirwa uye yakachengetwa ndangariro. Kana Swapping ichimhanya, ESXi inochinjanisa mapeji ekurangarira muchina mufaira iri uye yotanga kushanda naro pachinzvimbo chendangariro dzemuviri. Ehe saizvozvo "RAM" ndangariro mirairo yakawanda yehukuru inononoka pane chaiyo yekurangarira, kunyangwe iyo .vswp iri pakukurumidza kuchengetedza.
Kusiyana neBallooning, kana mapeji asina kushandiswa anotorwa kubva kuVM, aine Swapping mapeji anoshingairira kushandiswa neOS kana maapplication ari mukati meVM anogona kutamiswa kudhisiki. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kuita kweVM kunodonha kusvika pakutonhora. VM iri kushanda zviri pamutemo uye padikidiki inogona kuvharwa nemazvo kubva kuOS. Kana une moyo murefu π
Kana maVM aenda kuSwap, iyi inguva yekukurumidzira inodzivirirwa zvakanyanya kana zvichibvira.
Basic virtual muchina memory performance counters
Saka takasvika kuchinhu chikuru. Kuti utarise mamiriro endangariro yeVM, kune anotevera akaverengera:
Active - inoratidza huwandu hwe RAM (KB) iyo VM yakawana munguva yakapfuura kuyerwa.
Usage - zvakafanana neKushanda, asi sechikamu cheiyo RAM yakagadziriswa yeVM. Yakaverengerwa uchishandisa inotevera fomula: inoshanda Γ· muchina chaiwo wakamisikidzwa saizi yekurangarira.
Kushandiswa Kwepamusoro uye Kushanda, zvichiteerana, haisi nguva dzose chiratidzo chematambudziko ekuita kweVM. Kana iyo VM ichishandisa zvine hukasha ndangariro (kungosvika kuiwana), izvi hazvireve kuti hapana ndangariro yakakwana. Asi, ichi chikonzero chekutarisa zviri kuitika muOS.
Kune yakajairwa Alarm yeMemory Usage yeVMs:
Yakagoverwa - chiyero cheVM RAM chakadhindwa uchishandisa TPS (mukati meVM kana pakati peVM).
Ichokwadi - chiyero chemugadziri wendangariro (KB) iyo yakagoverwa kuVM. Inogonesa Kugoverwa.
Kutora (Yakapiwa - Yakagovaniswa) - huwandu hwekuyeuka kwemuviri (KB) iyo VM inopedza kubva kumuenzi. Hazvisanganisire Shared.
Kana chikamu cheVM ndangariro chikapihwa kwete kubva mundangariro yemugamuchiri, asi kubva pachinja faira, kana ndangariro ichitorwa kubva kuVM kuburikidza neBalloon Driver, mari iyi haina kuverengerwa muna Granted and Consumed.
Yakakwira Yakapihwa uye Yakashandiswa hunhu hwakajairwa zvachose. Iyo inoshanda sisitimu zvishoma nezvishoma inotora ndangariro kubva kune hypervisor uye haidzoreri. Nekufamba kwenguva, muVM inoshingairira, kukosha kweaya macounter anosvika kuwanda kweakagadziridzwa ndangariro, uye ramba uripo.
Zero - huwandu hweVM RAM (KB), iyo ine zero. Ndangariro yakadaro inoonekwa seyemahara ne hypervisor uye inogona kupihwa kune mamwe chaiwo machina. Mushure mekunge muenzi OS anyora chimwe chinhu kune zeroed memory, inopinda muKudyiwa uye haidzokeri shure.
Reserved Overhead - huwandu hweVM RAM, (KB) yakachengetwa neiyo hypervisor yeVM kushanda. Iyi imari diki, asi inofanirwa kuwanikwa pane iyo saiti, zvikasadaro VM haizotanga.
Balloon - huwandu hwe RAM (KB) hwakabviswa muVM uchishandisa Balloon Driver.
Kumanikidzwa - huwandu hwe RAM (KB) iyo yakamanikidzwa.
Swapped - chiyero che RAM (KB), iyo, nekuda kwekushayikwa kwekuyeuka kwemuviri pane sevha, yakatamira ku diski.
Chibharumu uye dzimwe ndangariro dzekugadzirisa matekiniki zviverengero zviri zero.
Izvi ndizvo zvinotaridzika segirafu neMemory counters yeVM inowanzoshanda ine 150 GB ye RAM.
Mune girafu pazasi, iyo VM ine matambudziko ari pachena. Pazasi pegirafu unogona kuona kuti kune iyi VM ese akatsanangurwa matekiniki ekushanda ne RAM akashandiswa. Bharumu yeVM iyi yakakura kudarika Inodyiwa. Muchokwadi, VM yakafa kupfuura kurarama.
ESXTOP
Sezvakaita neCPU, kana tichida kukurumidza kuongorora mamiriro emuenzi, pamwe nemasimba ayo ane nguva inosvika masekonzi maviri, tinofanira kushandisa ESXTOP.
Iyo ESXTOP Memory skrini inodanwa kumusoro ne "m" kiyi uye inotaridzika seizvi (minda B,D,H,J,K,L,O yakasarudzwa):
Aya ma parameter anotevera achatifadza isu:
Mem overcommit avg - avhareji kukosha kwekuyeuka kunyoreswa pamusoro pemugadziri we1, 5 uye 15 maminetsi. Kana iri pamusoro pe zero, saka ichi ndicho chikonzero chekutarisa zviri kuitika, asi kwete nguva dzose chiratidzo chezvinetso.
Mumitsetse PMEM/MB ΠΈ VMKMEM/MB - ruzivo nezve ndangariro yemuviri yeseva uye ndangariro inowanikwa kuVMkernel. Pakati pezvinhu zvinonakidza pano iwe unogona kuona iyo minfree kukosha (muMB), iyo host state mundangariro (mune yedu kesi, yakakwirira).
Mumutsara NUMA/MB iwe unogona kuona kugoverwa kwe RAM pane NUMA node (zvigadziko). Mumuenzaniso uyu, kugoverwa hakuna kuenzana, iyo musimboti haina kunaka kwazvo.
Izvi zvinotevera general server statistics yememory reclamation matekiniki:
PSHARE/MB - idzi nhamba dzeTPS;
SWAP/MB - Shandura nhamba dzekushandisa;
ZIP/MB - nhamba yekumanikidza peji peji;
MEMCTL/MB -Balloon Driver mashandisirwo nhamba.
Kune maVM ega ega, tinogona kufarira ruzivo runotevera. Ndakavanza mazita eVMs kuti ndirege kuvhiringidza vateereri :). Kana iyo ESXTOP metric yakafanana nekaunda muvSphere, ini ndichapa inoenderana counter.
MEMSZ - chiyero chendangariro chakagadzirirwa paVM (MB).
MEMSZ = GRANT + MCTLSZ + SWCUR + isina kubatwa.
BATSIRA - Yakapihwa muMB.
TCHD -Inoshanda muMBytes.
MCTL? - ingave Balloon Driver yakaiswa paVM.
MCTLSZ - Balloon kusvika MB.
MCTLGT - huwandu hwe RAM (MBytes) iyo ESXi inoda kubvisa kubva kuVM kuburikidza neBalloon Driver (Memctl Target).
MCTLMAX - iyo yakawanda huwandu hwe RAM (MBytes) iyo ESXi inogona kubvisa kubva kuVM kuburikidza neBalloon Driver.
SWCUR - huwandu hwazvino hwe RAM (MBytes) yakagoverwa kuVM kubva kuSwap faira.
S.W.G.T. - huwandu hwe RAM (MBytes) iyo ESXi inoda kupa kuVM kubva kuSwap faira (Swap Target).
Iwe unogona zvakare kuona rumwe ruzivo rwakadzama nezve NUMA topology yeVM kuburikidza neESXTOP. Kuti uite izvi, sarudza minda D, G:
SMALL - NUMA nodes panowanikwa VM. Pano iwe unogona kukurumidza kuona yakafara vm, iyo isingakwane pane imwe NUMA node.
NRMEM - mangani megabytes endangariro iyo VM inotora kubva kure NUMA node.
NLMEM - mangani megabytes endangariro iyo VM inotora kubva munharaunda yeNUMA node.
N% L - muzana yeVM ndangariro pane yemuno NUMA node (kana isingasviki 80%, matambudziko ekuita anogona kubuda).
Memory pane hypervisor
Kana CPU inoverengera ye hypervisor kazhinji isiri yekufarira, saka nendangariro mamiriro acho akasiyana. Yakakwira Memory Kushandiswa paVM haiwanzo ratidza dambudziko rekuita, asi yakakwira Memory Kushandisa pane hypervisor inokonzeresa ndangariro dzekutarisira uye kukonzera matambudziko neVM kuita. Iwe unofanirwa kutarisa Host Memory Usage maaramu uye kudzivirira maVM kuti asapinda muSwap.
Unswap
Kana VM ikabatwa muSwap, kuita kwayo kunodzikiswa zvakanyanya. Tsika dzeBallooning uye compression inokurumidza kunyangarika mushure memahara RAM yaonekwa pane iyo saiti, asi iyo chaiyo muchina hausi kukurumidza kudzoka kubva kuSwap kuenda kune server RAM.
Pamberi peESXi 6.0, nzira chete yakavimbika uye nekukurumidza yekubvisa VM kubva kuSwap yaive yekutangazve (chaizvo, kudzima / pamudziyo). Kutanga neESXi 6.0, kunyangwe isiri yepamutemo, nzira inoshanda uye yakavimbika yekubvisa VM kubva kuSwap yakaonekwa. Pane imwe yemisangano, ndakakwanisa kutaura nemumwe weVMware mainjiniya ane chekuita neCPU Scheduler. Akasimbisa kuti nzira yacho inoshanda uye yakachengeteka. Muchiitiko chedu, pakanga pasina matambudziko nazvo zvakare.
Iwo chaiwo mirairo yekubvisa VM kubva kuSwap Duncan Epping. Ini handisi kuzodzokorora tsananguro yakadzama, ini ndinongopa muenzaniso wekushandiswa kwayo. Sezvauri kuona muscreenshot, imwe nguva mushure mekuita murairo wakataurwa, Shandura paVM inonyangarika.
Mazano ekugadzirisa RAM paESXi
Chekupedzisira, heano mashoma matipi achakubatsira iwe kudzivirira matambudziko neVM kuita nekuda kwe RAM:
- Dzivisa kunyoreswa kwakanyanya kweRAM mumasumbu anobereka. Zvinokurudzirwa kugara uine ~ 20-30% yemahara memory musumbu kuitira kuti DRS (uye maneja) vawane nzvimbo yekufambisa uye maVM haaendi kuSwap panguva yekutama. Uyewo, usakanganwa pamusoro pemuganhu wekushivirira kukanganisa. Hazvinakidze kana, kana sevha imwe ikatadza uye VM ikavhurwazve uchishandisa HA, mamwe emichina anoendawo kuSwap.
- Muzvivakwa zvakabatanidzwa zvakanyanya, edza KUTI Ugadzire maVM ane ndangariro yakakura kupfuura hafu yendangariro yevaenzi. Izvi zvakare zvichabatsira DRS kugovera chaiwo michina pamasevhisi emasumbu pasina matambudziko. Uyu mutemo, hongu, hausi wepasirese :).
- Ngwarira Host Memory Usage Alarm.
- Usakanganwa kuisa VMware Zvishandiso paVM uye usadzima Ballooning.
- Funga kugonesa Inter-VM TPS uye kudzima Mapeji Makuru muVDI nenzvimbo dzekuyedza.
- Kana iyo VM iri kusangana nenyaya dzekuita, tarisa kana iri kushandisa ndangariro kubva kure kure NUMA node.
- Bvisa maVM kubva kuChinjana nekukurumidza sezvinobvira! Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kana VM iri muSwap, iyo yekuchengetedza system inotambura nezvikonzero zviri pachena.
Ndizvo zvese kwandiri nezve RAM. Pazasi pane zvinyorwa zvine hukama kune avo vanoda kudzika zvakadzika. Chinyorwa chinotevera chichakumikidzwa ku storaj.
Useful links
Source: www.habr.com