Anycast vs Unicast: zviri nani kusarudza mune imwe neimwe kesi

Vanhu vazhinji vangangove vakanzwa nezve Anycast. Mune iyi nzira yetiweki kero uye nzira, imwe kero yeIP inopihwa kune akawanda maseva pane network. Aya maseva anogona kutowanikwa munzvimbo dzedata dziri kure kubva kune mumwe nemumwe. Pfungwa yeAnycast ndeyekuti, zvichienderana nenzvimbo yekukumbira sosi, iyo data inotumirwa kune iri pedyo (maererano netiweki topology, zvakanyanya, iyo BGP routing protocol) server. Nenzira iyi, unogona kuderedza nhamba ye network hops uye latency.

Chaizvoizvo, nzira imwechete inoshambadzirwa kubva kune akawanda data nzvimbo kutenderera pasirese. Nokudaro, vatengi vachatumirwa kune "zvakanakisisa" uye "pedyo" zvichienderana neBGP nzira, nzvimbo yedata. Nei Anycast? Sei uchishandisa Anycast pachinzvimbo cheUnicast?

Unicast yakanyatsokodzera saiti ine imwe webhu server uye ine mwero huwandu hwetraffic. Nekudaro, kana sevhisi iine mamirioni evanyoreri, inowanzo shandisa akawanda ewebhu maseva, imwe neimwe ine yakafanana IP kero. Masevha aya anogovaniswa munzvimbo kuti aite zvikumbiro zvakakwana.

Mune ino mamiriro, Anycast inovandudza mashandiro (traffic inotumirwa kumushandisi nekunonoka kudiki), simbisa kuvimbika kwesevhisi (nekuda kumasevha ekuchengetedza) uye kuyera kuremerwa - nzira kumaseva akati wandei ichagovera zvinobudirira mutoro pakati pavo, ichivandudza kumhanya. zvesaiti.

Vashandi vanopa vatengi marudzi akasiyana-siyana ekuyeresa mutoro kubva pane Anycast uye DNS. Vatengi vanogona kutsanangura IP kero uko zvikumbiro zvichatumirwa zvichienderana nenzvimbo yesaiti. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kugovera zvikumbiro zvevashandisi zviri nyore.

Ngatitii kune nzvimbo dzinoverengeka pakati paunoda kugovera mutoro (vashandisi), semuenzaniso, chitoro chendaneti chine zvikumbiro zve100 pazuva kana bhurogu yakakurumbira. Kudzikamisa dunhu kubva kune vashandisi vanowana chaiyo saiti, unogona kushandisa iyo Geo Community sarudzo. Inokubvumira kudzikamisa nharaunda mukati umo mushandisi achashambadzira nzira.

Anycast uye Unicast: misiyano

Anycast inowanzo shandiswa mumashandisirwo akadai seDNS (Domain Name System) uye CDN (Content Delivery Networks), ichigonesa sarudzo dzenzira dzinovandudza mashandiro etiweki. Manetiweki ekutumira emukati anoshandisa Anycast nekuti anobata neakawanda mavhoriyamu e traffic, uye Anycast inopa akati wandei mabhenefiti mune iyi kesi (zvimwe pazviri pazasi). MuDNS, Anycast inokutendera iwe kuti uwedzere zvakanyanya mwero wekuvimbika uye kukanganisa kushivirira kwesevhisi.

MuAnycast IP, kana uchishandisa BGP, kune nzira dzakawanda kune yakasarudzika muenzi. Aya ndiwo chaiwo makopi emauto munzvimbo dzakawanda dzedata, anoshandiswa kumisikidza yakaderera latency yekubatanidza.

Saka, muAnycast network, iyo IP kero inoshambadzirwa kubva kunzvimbo dzakasiyana, uye network inosarudza kupi nzira yekukumbira yemushandisi zvichienderana ne "mutengo" wenzira. Semuenzaniso, BGP inowanzo shandiswa kuona nzira ipfupi yekutapurirana data. Kana mushandisi akatumira chikumbiro cheAnycast, BGP inosarudza nzira yakanakisa yeanowanikwa Anycast maseva panetiweki.

Benefits of Anycast

Kuderedza Latency
MaSystem ane Anycast anogona kuderedza latency paunenge uchigadzirisa zvikumbiro zvevashandisi nekuti ivo vanokutendera kuti ugamuchire data kubva kune iri pedyo server. Ndiko kuti, vashandisi vachagara vachibatana ne "pedyo" (kubva kune routing protocol point of view) DNS server. Nekuda kweizvozvo, Anycast inoderedza nguva yekudyidzana nekudzikisa network kureba pakati pemutengi neserver. Izvi hazvingodzikisi latency chete asiwo zvinopa kuyera kuyera.

Speed

Nekuti traffic inofambiswa kune iri padyo node uye iyo latency pakati pemutengi uye node yakaderedzwa, mhedzisiro inokwenenzverwa yekumhanyisa kumhanya, zvisinei kuti mutengi ari kukumbira ruzivo kubva kupi.

Kuwedzera kugadzikana uye kukanganisa kushivirira

Kana maseva akati wandei kutenderera pasirese akashandisa IP yakafanana, zvino kana imwe yemaseva ikatadza kana kubviswa, traffic inodzoserwa kune iri pedyo server. Nekuda kweizvozvo, Anycast inoita kuti sevhisi iwedzere kusimba uye inopa zvirinani network yekuwana/latency/kumhanya. 

Saka, nekuva nemaseva akawanda anogara achiwanikwa kune vashandisi, Anycast, semuenzaniso, inovandudza DNS kugadzikana. Kana node ikatadza, zvikumbiro zvemushandisi zvinodzoserwa kune imwe sevha yeDNS pasina kupindira kwemanyorero kana kugadzirisazve. Anycast inopa kuchinjika kwakajeka kune mamwe masaiti nekungobvisa nzira dzesaiti ine dambudziko. 

Load Balancing

MuAnycast, network traffic inogoverwa kune akasiyana maseva. Ndiko kuti, inoshanda seyekuremedza mitoro, ichidzivirira chero sevha imwe chete kubva pakugamuchira kuwanda kwetraffic. Kuenzanisa kwemutoro kunogona kushandiswa, semuenzaniso, kana paine akawanda network node panzvimbo yakafanana geographic chinhambwe kubva pakukumbira kunobva. Muchiitiko ichi, mutoro unogoverwa pakati pe nodes.

Deredza kukanganisa kweDoS kurwisa 

Chimwe chinhu cheAnycast ndiko kuramba kwayo kweDDoS. DDoS kurwiswa hazviite kuti ikwanise kuburitsa iyo Anycast system, sezvo vaizofanira kuremedza ese maseva mune network yakadai ine avalanche yezvikumbiro. 

DDoS kurwiswa kunowanzo shandisa botnets, iyo inogona kuburitsa traffic yakawanda zvekuti inoremedza server yakarwiswa. Chakanakira kushandisa Anycast mumamiriro ezvinhu aya ndechekuti sevha yega yega inokwanisa "kutora" chikamu chekurwiswa, izvo zvinoderedza mutoro pane iyo chaiyo server. Kurambwa kwekurwiswa kwesevhisi kungangove kwakaiswa kune server uye hakuzokanganisa sevhisi yese.

High horizontal scalability

Anycast masisitimu akanyatsokodzera masevhisi ane mavhoriyamu makuru etraffic. Kana sevhisi inoshandisa Anycast inoda maseva matsva kubata yakawedzera traffic, maseva matsva anogona kuwedzerwa kunetiweki kuti aibate. Vanogona kuiswa panzvimbo itsva kana dziripo. 

Kana imwe nzvimbo iri kusangana nekuwedzera kukuru kwetraffic, ipapo kuwedzera sevha kuchabatsira kuyera mutoro weiyo saiti. Kuwedzera sevha panzvimbo nyowani kunobatsira kuderedza nguva dzekumirira nekugadzira nzira nyowani ipfupi yevamwe vashandisi. Nzira mbiri idzi dzinobatsirawo kuvandudza kugadzikana kwesevhisi sezvo maseva matsva anowanikwa pane network. Nenzira iyi, kana sevha yaremerwa, unogona kungoendesa imwe munzvimbo inobvumira kuti igamuchire chimwe chikamu chezvikumbiro zveseva yakawandisa. Izvi hazvidi chero zvigadziriso kune chikamu chevatengi. 

Nenzira iyi chete ndiyo inogona terabits yetraffic uye nhamba huru kwazvo yevashandisi inogona kushandirwa kana sevha iine mashoma gumi kana 10 Gbps ports. 25 mauto ane imwe IP kero ichaita kuti zvikwanise kugadzirisa terabit vhoriyamu yetraffic.

Easy configuration management

Sezvakataurwa pamusoro, kushandiswa kunonakidza kweAnycast ndeye DNS. Unogona kuisa akati wandei akasiyana DNS maseva panetiweki node, asi shandisa imwe DNS kero. Zvichienderana nekuti kunobva kupi, zvikumbiro zvinoendeswa kunzvimbo iri pedyo. Izvi zvinopa kumwe kuyera kwetraffic uye redundancy kana DNS server yakundikana. Nenzira iyi, pachinzvimbo chekugadzirisa maseva eDNS akasiyana zvichienderana nekuti ari papi, kumisikidzwa kweimwe sevha yeDNS inogona kuparadzirwa kumanode ese.

Anycast network inogona kugadziridzwa kunzira zvikumbiro kwete chete zvichibva pane chinhambwe, asiwo pamaparamita akadai sekuvapo kwesevha, huwandu hwehukama hwakatangwa. kana nguva yekupindura.

Hapana akakosha maseva, ma network kana zvakakosha zvikamu zvinodikanwa padivi remutengi kushandisa Anycast tekinoroji. Asi Anycast inewo yakashata yayo. Zvinotendwa kuti kuita kwayo ibasa rakaoma, rinoda mimwe michina, vanopa vanovimbika uye nzira yakakodzera yetraffic.

Kure nekwakachena kusvika pakunaka

Kunyangwe Anycast nzira vashandisi zvichibva pane mashoma hops, izvi hazvireve iyo yakaderera latency. Latency ndiyo metric yakaoma nekuti inogona kuva yakakwirira pane imwe shanduko pane gumi.

Muenzaniso: Nhaurirano dzeIntercontinental dzinogona kusanganisira hop imwechete ine latency yakanyanya.

Anycast inonyanya kushandiswa kune UDP based services seDNS. Zvikumbiro zvemushandisi zvinoendeswa kune "zvakanakisa" uye "padyo" data centre zvichienderana neBGP nzira.

Muenzaniso: DNS client workstation ine Anycast DNS IP kero ye123.10.10.10 inoita DNS resolution kune iri padyo pamasevha emazita eDNS matatu akaiswa uchishandisa imwecheteyo Anycast IP kero. Kana Router R1 kana Server A ikatadza, DNS mutengi mapaketi anozoendeswa otomatiki kune inotevera yepedyo DNS server kuburikidza neRouters R2 neR3. Pamusoro pezvo, nzira inoenda kune yedu server A ichabviswa kubva pamatafura ekufambisa, kudzivirira kumwe kushandiswa kweiyo nameserver.

Deployment Scenarios

Pane maviri akajairwa zvirongwa anoshandiswa kuona kuti ndeipi sevha inosanganisirwa nemushandisi kune:

• Anycast network layer. Inobatanidza mushandisi kune server iri pedyo. Nzira yetiweki kubva kumushandisi kuenda kune server yakakosha pano.
• Application level anycast. Ichi chirongwa chine mamwe mametric akaverengerwa, kusanganisira kuwanikwa kweseva, nguva yekupindura, nhamba yekubatanidza, nezvimwe. Izvi zvinoenderana nekunze kwekutarisa kunopa network statistics.

CDN yakavakirwa pane Anycast

Ngatidzokerei pakushandisa Anycast mune zvemukati zvekutumira network. Anycast zvirokwazvo inonakidza networking pfungwa uye iri kuwedzera kugamuchirwa pakati pevanotevera-gen CDN vanopa.

CDN itiweki yakagoverwa yemaseva anoendesa zvinyorwa kumagumo evashandisi vane kuwanikwa kwepamusoro uye kuderera latency. Manetiweki ekutumira emukati anoita basa rakakosha nhasi semusana weakawanda epamhepo midhiya masevhisi, uye vatengi vari kuwedzera kushomeka kwekunonoka kurodha. Vhidhiyo uye mashandisirwo ezwi anonyanya kunzwa kune network jitter uye latency.

A CDN inobatanidza maseva ese kuita network imwe uye inova nechokwadi chekukurumidza kurodha zvemukati. Dzimwe nguva zvinokwanisika kuderedza nguva yekumirira yemushandisi nemasekondi 5-6. Chinangwa cheCDN ndechekukwidziridza kutumira nekushandira zvirimo kubva kuseva iri padyo nemushandisi wekupedzisira. Izvi zvakafanana neAnycast, apo sevha yepedyo inosarudzwa zvichienderana nenzvimbo yemushandisi wekupedzisira. Zvingaita sekuti wese CDN service provider aizoshandisa Anycast nekukasira, asi muchokwadi izvi handizvo.

Zvishandiso zvinoshandisa maprotocol akadai seHTTP/TCP anovimba nekubatana kuri kutangwa. Kana itsva Anycast node yakasarudzwa (somuenzaniso, nekuda kwekutadza kweserver), sevhisi inogona kukanganiswa. Ichi ndicho chikonzero Anycast yakambokurudzirwa kune isina kubatana masevhisi akadai UDP uye DNS. Nekudaro, Anycast inoshandawo nemazvo kune yakatarisana-yakatarisana mapuroteni; semuenzaniso, TCP inoshanda nemazvo mune Anycast modhi.

Vamwe vanopa CDN vanoshandisa Anycast-based routing, vamwe vanosarudza DNS-based routing: sevha yepedyo inosarudzwa zvichibva pane iyo mushandisi DNS server iripo.

Hybrid uye akawanda-data centre zvivakwa ndeimwe muenzaniso wekushandiswa kweAnycast. Iyo Load Balancing IP kero yakagamuchirwa kubva kumupi inobvumidza iwe kugovera iyo mutoro pakati peiyo IP kero yeakasiyana masevhisi evatengi munzvimbo yedata remupi. Kutenda kune chero-chishandiso tekinoroji, inopa kuita zvirinani pasi pekuremerwa traffic, kukanganisa kushivirira uye inobatsira kukwiridzira nguva yekupindura kana uchibata nenhamba huru yevashandisi.

Mune hybrid multi-data center zvivakwa, unogona kugovera traffic pane ese maseva kana kunyange chaiwo michina pamaseva akazvitsaurira.

Nekudaro, pane yakakura sarudzo yehunyanzvi mhinduro dzekuvaka zvivakwa. Iwe unogona zvakare kugadzirisa kuyera kuyera mukati meIP kero munzvimbo dzakawanda dzedata, uchinongedza chero mudziyo muboka kuti ugone kuita saiti.

Iwe unogona kugovera traffic maererano nemitemo yako pachako, uchitsanangura "huremu" hweimwe neimwe yemaseva akagoverwa munzvimbo yega yega data. Iyi gadziriso inonyanya kubatsira kana paine yakagoverwa server park uye kuita kwemasevhisi hakuna kuenzana. Izvi zvinobvumira traffic kugovaniswa kazhinji kuvandudza server performance.

Kugadzira hurongwa hwekutarisa uchishandisa ping command, zvinokwanisika kugadzirisa probes. Izvi zvinobvumira maneja kuti atsanangure maitiro avo ekutarisa uye kuwana mufananidzo wakajeka wechimiro chechikamu chimwe nechimwe muzvivakwa. Nenzira iyi, nzira dzekuwana dzinogona kutsanangurwa.

Izvo zvinogoneka kuvaka hybrid masisitimu: dzimwe nguva zviri nyore kusiya hofisi yekumashure mune yekambani network, uye kunze kweiyo interface chikamu kune mupi.

Zvinogoneka kuwedzera SSL zvitupa zvekuyeresa mutoro, encryption ye data yakafambiswa uye kuchengetedzeka kwekutaurirana pakati pevashanyi vesaiti uye masangano emakambani. Muchiitiko chekuyera kuyera pakati penzvimbo dzedata, SSL inogona zvakare kushandiswa.

Chero sevhisi yekukasira ine kero yekuyera kuyera inogona kuwanikwa kubva kumupi wako. Iyi ficha ichabatsira kuvandudza mabatiro anoita vashandisi nemaapps zvichienderana nenzvimbo. Zvakakwana kuzivisa kuti ndeapi masevhisi anowanikwa munzvimbo yedata, uye traffic ichadzoserwa kune iri pedyo zvivakoti. Kana paine maseva akazvitsaurira, semuenzaniso muFrance kana North America, ipapo vatengi vanozoendeswa kune iri pedyo server pane network.

Imwe yesarudzo dzekushandisa Anycast ndiyo yakanyanya kusarudzwa yeanoshanda nzvimbo yekuvapo (PoP). Ngatipei muenzaniso. LinkedIn (yakavharwa muRussia) inovavarira kwete chete kuvandudza mashandiro uye nekumhanyisa kwezvigadzirwa zvayo - nharembozha uye webhu maapplication, asiwo kuvandudza yayo network network yekukurumidza kuburitsa zvemukati. Kune iyi ine simba yekutumira zvemukati, LinkedIn inoshingairira kushandisa PoPs - mapoinzi ekuvapo. Anycast inoshandiswa kutungamira vashandisi kune iri pedyo PoP.

Chikonzero ndechekuti kana iri Unycast, yega yega LinkedIn PoP ine yakasarudzika IP kero. Vashandisi vanozopihwa kuPoP zvichienderana nenzvimbo yavo yenzvimbo vachishandisa DNS. Dambudziko nderekuti kana uchishandisa DNS, vangangoita 30% yevashandisi muUnited States vakaendeswa kune suboptimal PoP. Nekuitwa kwakaganhurirwa kweAnycast, suboptimal PoP basa rakadzika kubva pa31% kuenda pa10%.

Mhedzisiro yemuyedzo wemutyairi inoratidzwa mugirafu, uko Y-axis iri muzana yeyakakwana yePoP yekupihwa. Sezvo Anycast akawedzera, nyika zhinji dzeUS dzakaona kuvandudzwa kwehuwandu hwetraffic kuenda kune yakanyanya PoP.

Anycast Network Monitoring

Anycast network ari nyore dzidziso: akawanda emuviri maseva anopihwa yakafanana IP kero, iyo BGP inoshandisa kuona nzira. Asi kuiswa uye dhizaini yeAnycast mapuratifomu yakaoma, uye inoshivirira-kushivirira Anycast network inonyanya kuzivikanwa neizvi. Zvakatonyanya kunetsa kunyatso tarisa anycast network kuti ikurumidze kuona uye kuparadzanisa zvikanganiso.

Kana masevhisi akashandisa wechitatu-bato CDN mupi kushandira zvirimo, zvakakosha kuti vatarise uye vaone mashandiro etiweki. Anycast-based CDN yekutarisa inotarisa pakuyera kupera-kusvika-kumagumo latency uye penultimate hop kuita kuti unzwisise kuti ndeipi data data iri kushandira zvirimo. Kuongorora HTTP server misoro ndiyo imwe nzira yekuona kuti data rinobva kupi.

Muenzaniso: HTTP mhinduro misoro inoratidza nzvimbo yeCDN server.

Semuenzaniso, CloudFlare inoshandisa yayo CF-Ray musoro muHTTP Mhinduro meseji, iyo inosanganisira chiratidzo che data data kwairi chikumbiro. Panyaya yeZendesk, iyo CF-Ray musoro wedunhu reSeattle iCF-RAY: 2a21675e65fd2a3d-SEA, uye kuAmsterdam iCF-RAY: 2a216896b93a0c71-AMS. Iwe unogona zvakare kushandisa HTTP-X misoro kubva kuHTTP mhinduro kuti uone kuti zvirimo zviri kupi.

Dzimwe nzira dzekugadzirisa

Kune dzimwe nzira dzekugadzirisa dzekufambisa zvikumbiro zvemushandisi kune chaiyo network endpoint:

Unicast

Mazhinji eInternet nhasi anoshandisa nzira iyi. Unicast - unicast kutapurirana, iyo IP kero inosanganiswa neiyo imwe chete chaiyo node panetiweki. Izvi zvinodaidzwa kuti one-to-one match. 

Multicast

Multicast inoshandisa hukama-kune-vakawanda kana vazhinji-kune-vazhinji hukama. Multicast inobvumira chikumbiro kubva kune anotumira kuti chitumirwe panguva imwe chete kune akasiyana akasarudzwa ekupedzisira. Izvi zvinopa mutengi kugona kudhawunirodha faira mumachunks kubva kune akawanda mahost panguva imwe chete (izvo zvinobatsira pakutepfenyura odhiyo kana vhidhiyo). Multicast inowanzovhiringika neAnycast.Zvisinei, musiyano mukuru ndewekuti Anycast inotungamira mutumiri kune imwe node chaiyo, kunyangwe akawanda aripo.

nhepfenyuro

Dhatagiramu kubva kune mumwe chete anotumira inoendeswa kune ese mamagumo ane hukama nekero yekutepfenyura. Iyo network inodzokorora otomatiki datagraphs kuti ikwanise kusvika kune vese vanogamuchira munhepfenyuro (kazhinji pane imwechete subnet).

Geocast

Geocast yakati fananei neMulticast: zvikumbiro kubva kune anotumira zvinotumirwa kune akawanda endpoints panguva imwe chete. Nekudaro, mutsauko ndewekuti munyoreri anotemerwa nenzvimbo yayo. Iyi imhando yakasarudzika yemulticast inoshandiswa nemamwe maprotocol ekufambisa enhare ad hoc network.

A geographic router inoverenga nzvimbo yayo yebasa uye inofananidzira iyo. Georouters, kuchinjana nzvimbo dzebasa, kuvaka matafura ekufambisa. Iyo georouter system ine hierarchical chimiro.

Unicast, Multicast uye Broadcast.

Kushandisa Anycast tekinoroji kunowedzera mwero wekuvimbika, kukanganisa kushivirira uye kuchengetedzeka kweDNS. Uchishandisa tekinoroji iyi, vashandisi vanopa vatengi vavo masevhisi emhando dzakasiyana dzekuyeresa kunoenderana neDNS. Muchikamu chekutonga, unogona kutsanangura IP kero kune zvikumbiro zvichatumirwa zvichienderana nenzvimbo. Izvi zvinopa vatengi mukana wekugovera zvikumbiro zvevashandisi zviri nyore.

Vamwe vashandisi vanoshandisa nzira dzekutarisa nzira panzvimbo yega yega yekuvapo (POP): iyo sisitimu inoongorora otomatiki nzira dzakapfupika dzemuno neyepasirese dzenzvimbo dzekuvapo uye dzinodzifambisa kuburikidza neiyo yakaderera latency geographic nzvimbo ine zero downtime.

Parizvino, Anycast ndiyo yakanyanya kugadzikana uye yakavimbika mhinduro yekuvaka yakakwira-mutoro DNS masevhisi, ane zvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvekugadzikana uye kuvimbika.

Iyo .ru domain inotsigira 35 Anycast DNS maseva, akaiswa muzvikamu makumi maviri, akagoverwa mumakore mashanu eAnycast. Muchiitiko ichi, nheyo yekuvaka inobva pamagariro enzvimbo inoshandiswa, i.e. Geocast. Pakuisa maDNS node, zvinofungidzirwa kuti ivo vanozoendeswa kunzvimbo dzakapararira munzvimbo dziri padyo nevashandisi vanonyanya kushingaira, huwandu hwepamusoro hwevashandisi veRussia panzvimbo iyo node iripo, pamwe nekuwanikwa kwemahara uye nyore. kusangana nesaiti.

Nzira yekugadzira CDN?

CDN itiweki yemaseva anomhanyisa kuendesa zvemukati kune vashandisi. Content Delivery Network inobatanidza maseva ese kuita network imwe uye inova nechokwadi chekukurumidza kurodha zvemukati. Nharaunda kubva kune server kune mushandisi inoita basa rinokosha pakurodha kumhanya.

CDN inokutendera kuti ushandise maseva ari padyo nevateereri. Izvi zvinoderedza nguva yekumirira uye zvinobatsira kukurumidza kurodha zvemukati zvesaiti kune vese vashanyi, izvo zvinonyanya kukosha kune masayiti ane makuru mafaera kana multimedia masevhisi. Yakajairika maapplication eCDN ndeye e-commerce uye varaidzo.

Iyo network yemamwe maseva akagadzirwa muCDN zvivakwa, ayo ari padyo sezvinobvira kune vashandisi, anobatsira kune yakagadzikana uye nekukurumidza kutumira data. Maererano nenhamba, kushandisa CDN kunoderedza latency kana uchiwana saiti neanopfuura 70% kana ichienzaniswa nemasaiti asina CDN.

sei gadzira CDN uchishandisa DNS? Kumisikidza CDN uchishandisa Anycast's mhinduro inogona kuve inodhura purojekiti, asi pane zvakachipa sarudzo. Semuenzaniso, unogona kushandisa GeoDNS uye maseva akajairwa ane akasiyana IP kero. Uchishandisa masevhisi eGeoDNS, unogona kugadzira CDN ine geolocation kugona, uko sarudzo dzinoitwa zvichienderana nenzvimbo chaiyo yemuenzi, pane nzvimbo yeDNS solver. Iwe unogona kugadzirisa yako DNS zone kuratidza US server IP kero kune vashanyi veUS, asi vashanyi vekuEurope vanozoona European IP kero.

NeGeoDNS, unogona kudzorera mhinduro dzakasiyana dzeDNS zvichienderana nekero yeIP yemushandisi. Kuti uite izvi, sevha yeDNS inogadziriswa kuti idzorere kero dzakasiyana dzeIP zvichienderana nekwakabva IP kero muchikumbiro. Kazhinji, dhatabhesi reGeoIP rinoshandiswa kuona dunhu rinoitwa chikumbiro. Geolocation uchishandisa DNS inobvumidza iwe kutumira zvirimo kune vashandisi kubva kune iri padyo saiti.

GeoDNS inosarudza IP kero yemutengi akatumira chikumbiro cheDNS, kana iyo IP kero yemupi inodzokorodza DNS server, iyo inoshandiswa pakugadzirisa chikumbiro chemutengi. Nyika/dunhu rinotemerwa nemutengi IP uye GeoIP dhatabhesi. Mutengi anobva awana iyo IP kero yeiri pedyo CDN server. Unogona kuverenga zvakawanda nezve kumisikidza GeoDNS pano.

Anycast kana GeoDNS?

Nepo Anycast iri nzira huru yekuendesa zvirimo pasi rose, haina hunhu. Apa ndipo panouya GeoDNS kuzonunura. Iyi sevhisi inokubvumira kuti ugadzire mitemo inotumira vashandisi kune yakasarudzika magumo zvichienderana nenzvimbo yavo.

Muenzaniso: Vashandisi vanobva kuEurope vanotungamirwa kune imwe nzvimbo yekupedzisira.

Iwe unogona zvakare kuramba kuwana madomasi nekurasa zvese zvikumbiro. Iyi ndiyo, kunyanya, nzira yekukurumidza yekucheka vanopinda.

GeoDNS inopa mhinduro dzakakwana kupfuura Anycast. Kana mune yeAnycast nzira ipfupi yakatemwa nehuwandu hwehops, saka muGeoDNS nzira yevashandisi vekupedzisira inoitika zvichienderana nenzvimbo yavo. Izvi zvinoderedza latency uye inovandudza kurongeka paunenge uchigadzira mitemo ye granular routing.

Paunenge uchienda kunzvimbo, bhurawuza inobata iyo iri pedyo yeDNS server, iyo, zvichienderana nedomasi, inopa IP kero yekuisa saiti. Ngatifungei kuti chitoro chepamhepo chakakurumbira muUSA neEurope, asi DNS maseva ayo anowanikwa muEurope chete. Ipapo vashandisi veUS vanoda kushandisa masevhisi echitoro vachamanikidzwa kutumira chikumbiro kune sevha iri pedyo, uye sezvo iri kure kwazvo, ivo vanozofanira kumirira kwenguva yakareba kuti vapindure - saiti haizotakure nekukurumidza.

Kana sevha yeGeoDNS iri muUSA, vashandisi vanotoiwana. Mhinduro yacho ichakurumidza, izvo zvichakanganisa kukurumidza kurodha kwesaiti.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu neiyo iripo DNS server muUnited States, kana mushandisi anobva kuUnited States anofamba achienda kune imwe nzvimbo, achabata sevha iri pedyo iyo ichapa IP inodiwa. Mushandisi anozoendeswa kune sevha ine zvirimo zvesaiti, asi sezvo maseva ane zvirimo ari kure, haazvigamuchire nekukurumidza.

Kana iwe uchitambira maseva eCDN muUS aine data rakachengetwa, ipapo pakurodha mutengi browser inotumira chikumbiro kune iri pedyo DNS server, iyo inozodzosera iyo inodiwa IP kero. Iyo bhurawuza ine yakagamuchirwa IP inobata iyo iri pedyo CDN server uye huru server, uye iyo CDN server inoshandira zvakachengetwa zvemukati kune browser. Ipo izvo zvakachengetwa zviri kutakurwa, mafaera akashaikwa kurodha saiti yakazara anogamuchirwa kubva kune huru server. Nekuda kweizvozvo, nguva yekurodha saiti inoderedzwa, nekuti mashoma mafaera anotumirwa kubva kune main server.

Kuona nzvimbo chaiyo yeimwe kero yeIP harisi basa riri nyore nguva dzose: pane zvakawanda zvinotambwa, uye varidzi veakasiyana kero yeIP vanogona kusarudza kuishambadza kune rimwe divi renyika (ipapo uchafanirwa mirira kuti dhatabhesi igadzirise kuti uwane iyo chaiyo nzvimbo). Dzimwe nguva vanopa VPS vanopa kero dzinonzi dziri muUS kuVPS muSingapore.

Kusiyana nekushandisa Anycast kero, kugovera kunoitwa panguva yekugadziriswa kwezita kwete panguva yekubatanidza kune caching server. Kana iyo recursive server isingatsigire EDNS mutengi ma subnets, ipapo nzvimbo yeiyo inodzokorodza server inoshandiswa pane mushandisi anozobatanidza kune caching server.

Client Subnets muDNS ndeyekuwedzera kweDNS (RFC7871) iyo inotsanangura kuti inodzokorodza sei DNS maseva anogona kutumira ruzivo rwevatengi kuDNS server, kunyanya ruzivo rwetiweki iyo GeoDNS server inogona kushandisa kunyatsoona nzvimbo yemutengi.

Vazhinji vanoshandisa maseva avo eISP's DNS kana DNS maseva ari padyo navo, asi kana mumwe munhu ari kuUS nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero akafunga kushandisa DNS solver iri muAustralia, vanogona kupedzisira vawana IP server kero padyo neAustralia.

Kana iwe uchida kushandisa GeoDNS, zvakakosha kuti uzive nezvezvinhu izvi, sezvo mune dzimwe nguva zvinogona kuwedzera chinhambwe pakati pemaseva ecaching uye mutengi.

Pfupiso: kana iwe uchida kusanganisa akati wandei VPS muCDN, saka yakanakisa deployment sarudzo ndeye kushandisa DNS server bundle neGeoDNS + Anycast basa kunze kwebhokisi.

Source: www.habr.com