Astra Linux "Eagle" Common Edition: pane hupenyu mushure meWindows

Takagamuchira ongororo yakadzama kubva kune mumwe wevashandisi veOS yedu, yatinoda kugovana newe.

Astra Linux inotorwa kubva kuDebian iyo yakagadzirwa sechikamu cheRussia yemahara software shanduko yekutanga. Kune akati wandei mavhezheni eAstra Linux, imwe yacho inoitirwa zvakajairwa, kushandiswa kwemazuva ese - Astra Linux "Eagle" Common Edition. Iyo Russian OS yemunhu wese inonakidza nekutsanangurwa, uye ini ndinoda kutaura nezve Orel kubva pakuona kwemunhu anoshandisa matatu ekushandisa masisitimu zuva rega rega (Windows 10, Mac OS High Sierra neFedora) uye ave akatendeka kuUbuntu kwekupedzisira. 13 makore. Kubva pane chiitiko ichi, ini ndichaongorora iyo sisitimu kubva pakuona kwekuisa, interfaces, software, zvakakosha maficha evagadziri uye nyore kubva kumakona akasiyana. Astra Linux ichaita sei kana ichienzaniswa neakajairika masisitimu? Uye inogona kutsiva Windows kumba?

Isa Astra Linux

Iyo Astra Linux installer yakafanana zvikuru neDebian installer. Zvichida yekutanga yakatonyanya kupfava, sezvo mazhinji emaparamita anogadziriswa nekusarudzika. Izvo zvese zvinotanga neyakajairwa rezinesi chibvumirano pakatarisana nekumashure kweasina kunyanya kukwira-zvivakwa. Zvichida kunyange muOrel.

Chinhu chakakosha pakugadzika ndiko kusarudzwa kwesoftware inouya nehurongwa nekukasira. Sarudzo dziripo dzinovhara hofisi yakajairika uye zvinodiwa zvebasa (zve "vasiri vanogadzira").

Uyezve, hwindo rekupedzisira ndiro imwe seti yezvirongwa: kuvhara vaturikiri, nyaradzo, kutsvaga, kuisa bhiti rekuuraya, nezvimwewo. Kana mazwi aya asingakuudzi chero chinhu, zviri nani kuti usanyora chero kupi zvako. Mukuwedzera, izvi zvose, kana zvichidiwa, zvinogona kugadzirwa gare gare.

Iyo sisitimu yakaiswa mukati meiyo chaiyo nharaunda ine mwero zviwanikwa (zvinoenderana neazvino masisitimu). Pakanga pasina zvichemo pamusoro pekukurumidza uye kushanda. Magadzirirwo ayo kuyedzwa kwakaitika kunotsanangurwa pazasi.

Nzira yekuisa iri nyore: mount iso mufananidzo, isa kuburikidza neyakajairwa system yekuisa maitiro uye kupisa iyo GRUB bootloader.

Iyo sisitimu haina undemanding kune zviwanikwa paboot - ingangoita 250-300 MB ye RAM pakutanga kwedesktop mode.

Dzimwe sarudzo dzekutanga: piritsi uye foni maitiro

Paunosaina, unogona kusarudza kubva kune akati wandei ekutanga sarudzo: chengetedzo, desktop, nhare, kana piritsi.

Iwe unogona kugonesa iyo pa-screen kiibhodhi yekubata michina.

Ngationei kuti chii chinonakidza mumamodhi akasiyana. Desktop ndiyo yakajairika modhi iyo sisitimu yakafanana neWindows.

Tablet mode inokodzera mahombe ekubata zvikirini. Pamusoro pemisiyano yekunze iri pachena iyo inogona kuoneka muiyo skrini pazasi, kune mamwe maficha ekushandisa. Iyo cursor mune piritsi mode haionekwe, bhatani rekuvhara maapplication rinoiswa pane yebasa. Yakazara-screen application inoshanda zvishoma zvakasiyana, mafaera ari mufaira maneja anosarudzwawo zvakasiyana.

Zvakakodzera kutaura nharembozha - zvese zviri pano zvakangofanana nezviri mu Android. Fly graphical environment inoshandiswa. Mukubata modes, kubata kwenguva refu kunoshanda, kwaunogona kudaidza iyo mamiriro menyu. Nharembozha modhi inoshandisa zvishoma zviwanikwa zvichienzaniswa nedesktop uye piritsi.

Kuvapo kwemhando dzakasiyana dzekushanda kuri nyore. Semuenzaniso, kana iwe uri kushandisa piritsi ine pluggable keyboard uye, maererano, kubata uye kusabata-kubata mamiriro ekushandisa.

Sisitimu yekuvandudza

Usati watanga kushandisa sisitimu, unofanirwa kuigadzirisa. Zvikuru repositories Astra Linux 14 zviuru mapakeji (stable, test и experimental bazi). Bazi rekuyedza richakurumidza kugamuchira zvigadziriso zvisina kugadzikana, saka isu tichaedza bazi rekuyedza. Shandura repository kuti iedze.

Isu tinotanga iyo repository yekuvandudza uye kugadzirisa iyo system. Kuti uite izvi, tinya bhatani re "Update" kumusoro kuruboshwe, uye "Maka zvese zvinogadziridzwa", wozo "Shandisa". We reboot.

User Policy

Vashandisi vatsva vanogadzirwa muhurongwa kuburikidza nechengetedzo policy management utility.

Nekumisikidza, iyo yekure login basa inopiwa (Control Panel - System - Login).

Pamusoro peyakajairwa yakaparadzana uye kure kure, unogona kutanga nested chikamu (Tanga - Shutdown - Session).

Zviviri zvekutanga zvakajeka. A nested session chikamu chinotanga pahwindo rechikamu chazvino.

Sessions, nenzira, inogona kupera mushure menguva yakanonoka: usamirire kupera kwekushanda kwenguva refu, asi ingoisa otomatiki kudzima.

Interface uye yakajairwa Astra Linux software

Astra Linux Common Edition inoyeuchidza Debian sezvazvaive makore mashoma apfuura. Zvinoonekwa kuti kunze Astra Linux Common Edition iri kuedza kuswedera pedyo neWindows.

Kufamba uye kushanda nefaira system iri padyo neWindows pane Linux. Iyo system image inouya neyakajairwa seti yesoftware: hofisi, networking, mifananidzo, mimhanzi, vhidhiyo. Zvirongwa zveSystem zvakare zvakaiswa mumapoka makuru menyu. By default, mana skrini anowanikwa.

Sezvauri kuona, LibreOffice inoiswa sehofisi suite muhurongwa.

Iyo control panel yakafanana neWindows/Mac/etc uye mapoka makuru marongero munzvimbo imwechete.

Iyo faira maneja ine maviri-pane interface uye inokwanisa kukwidza zvinyorwa semaforodha.

Iyo faira maneja anogona kuverenga macheki, kusanganisira GOST R 34.11-2012.

Mozilla Firefox inoiswa seyakagadzika browser. Inoratidzika seyakanyanyisa, asi yakakwana. Semuenzaniso, ndakavhura uye ndakatarisa kuburikidza neHabr itsva. Mapeji anopihwa, sisitimu haiputsi kana kurembera.

Muedzo unotevera ndeye graphics editing. Isu takadhawunirodha mufananidzo kubva kumusoro wechinyorwa chaHabr, takakumbira sisitimu kuti ivhure muGIMP. Hapana chinoshamisira pano futi.

Uye nekufamba kudiki kweruoko, isu tinowedzera bvunzo yeKPDV mune chimwe chezvinyorwa. Muchidimbu, hapana misiyano kubva kune yakajairwa Linux masisitimu pano.

Ngatiedzei kupfuura zvinyorwa zviri nyore uye tiise akajairwa mapakeji kuburikidza neapt-kuwana. 

Mushure mekugadzirisa indexes:

sudo apt-get update

Paye bvunzo, takaisa python3-pip, zsh uye takapfuura nekugadzwa kweoh-my-zsh (nekuwedzera git kutsamira). Iyo system yakashanda seyakajairika.

Sezvauri kuona, iyo sisitimu inoita zvakanaka muchimiro chezvakajairwa zvemazuva ese zvimiro zveakajairika mushandisi. Kana iwe uchitarisira kuona zvirongwa zvakajairwa kuDebian/Ubuntu pano, saka uchafanirwa kuamisa nekuwedzera, nemaoko (semuenzaniso, kana iwe uchida mapakeji senge ack-grep, anoiswa kuburikidza ne curl/sh). Iwe unogona kuwedzera repositories kune sources.list uye shandisa yakajairwa apt-get.

Astra Linux proprietary utilities

Zvishandiso zvinotsanangurwa pamusoro ingori chikamu chezvinowanikwa kune vashandisi veAstra Linux. Pamusoro pezvo, vanogadzira vakagadzira zvingangoita zana zvekuwedzera zvinogona kuiswa kuburikidza neiyo imwechete repository yakashandiswa kugadzirisa sisitimu. 

Kuti uwane zvishandiso, zvakakwana kutsvaga izwi rekuti "bhururuka" - zvese zvinodiwa zvine prefix yakadaro.

 
Zvakaoma kutaurira nezvese mashandisirwo mukati mechimiro chekuongorora kumwe, saka isu tichasarudza mashoma anobatsira kubva pakuona kwemushandisi ari nyore. Iyo yemamiriro ekunze application inoratidza fungidziro yemaguta akasarudzwa muRussia, yakagadziridzwa kunharaunda yeRussia.

Kune zvakare iri nyore graphical utility ine akati wandei mafirita uye sarudzo dzekutsvaga kuburikidza nemafaira.

Iko kune yayo yebhatiri yekutarisa utility uye akasiyana modhi, shanduko kune iyo inogadziriswa kuburikidza netimer - dzima cheki, kurara, hibernation.

Sarudzo yemafaira anogona kuitiswa emirairo yakaputirwawo mune graphical shell. Semuenzaniso, unogona kutsanangura kuti ndeipi "vi" iyo sisitimu ichasarudza kana ichimhanyisa rairo.

Iine yakaparadzana admin utility, unogona kugadzirisa kuti ndeapi maapplication anotanga pakutanga system.

Iko kune zvakare yekutarisa kweGPS / GLONASS, zviri nani mufoni / piritsi (iyo inoenderana module inowanzovapo).

Iyo zvakare ine yayo yakapfava PDF muverengi, kune bvunzo inotangwa paMahara Tsika bhuku naLawrence Lessig.

Iwe unogona kuverenga nezve ese Fly utilities mukati virtual tour yeAstra Linux, muchikamu che "Rubatsiro" cheiyo chaiyo desktop.
 

Kusiyanisa nemasisitimu makuru

Kubva pakuona kweiyo interface uye logic yezvinodzora, sisitimu yacho yakafanana neyekare Windows XP, uye dzimwe nguva - yakaparadzana zvinhu zveMac OS.

Panyaya yezvishandiso, koni uye hardware, sisitimu yacho yakafanana neyekare Debian, iyo yakanaka chaizvo uye inozivikanwa kune vakafanana vashandisi veUbuntu uye Minted, kunyangwe iyo yakanyanya kumberi ichashaya yakajairwa huwandu hwepakeji kubva kune ese marepositori.

Kana ndikasimudza ruzivo rwangu pamufananidzo wevanogona kushandisa, ndine tarisiro yakanaka kune iyo itsva system. Zvichienderana neruzivo rwavo neWindows/Mac, vashandisiwo zvavo vanozokwanisa kugadzikana neAstra Linux Common Edition pasina matambudziko. Uye vashandisi veLinux vepamberi, vachishandisa yakajairwa unix zvishandiso, vanomisa zvese sezvavanoona zvakakodzera.

Iyo yazvino vhezheni yeAstra Linux yakavakirwa paDebian 9.4 uye zvakare ine nyowani kernel kubva kuDebian 10 (4.19). 

Ehe, kune matsva mavhezheni eUbuntu, asi pane imwe diki asi yakakosha caveat - haisi LTS (Yenguva Yakareba Tsigiro). LTS shanduro dzeUbuntu dziri padanho neAstra Linux maererano neshanduro dzepakeji. Ini ndakatora data yeAstra Linux (yakasimbiswa Astra Linux Special Edition kuti zviite nyore kuteedzera OS shanduro mazuva ekuburitswa) kubva kuW.wikipedia, zvichienzaniswa nenguva yekuburitswa kweLTS shanduro dzeUbuntu, uye izvi ndizvo zvakaitika: 

LTS kuburitswa kweUbuntu
Kuburitswa kweAstra Linux Special Edition

Musi
Версия
Musi
Версия

17.04.2014

14.04 LTS

19.12.2014

1.4

21.04.2016

16.04 LTS

08.04.2016

1.5

26.04.2018

18.04 LTS

26.09.2018

1.6

Chirevo

Mabhenefiti makuru eAstra Linux "Eagle" Common Edition:

• Haidonhe, haina chando, hapana glitches yakakosha yakaonekwa.
• Inobudirira kutevedzera Windows NT/XP nzvimbo.
• Kureruka uye nyore kuisa.
• Low resource zvinodiwa.
• Iyo huru software inofanomisikidzwa: iyo LibreOffice hofisi suite, iyo GIMP mifananidzo mupepeti, nezvimwe.
• Yakakura seti yezvimwe zvinoshandiswa.
• Iwo epakeji mavhezheni akakura kupfuura azvino mavhezheni eUbuntu.
• Nzvimbo yayo idiki pane yeUbuntu neDebian.

Mhedziso: Dzazvino dzisiri-LTS vhezheni dzeUbuntu dzakanyanya kukodzera kumushandisi wepamba pane Astra.

Panguva imwecheteyo, zvingave zvisina basa kuti vashandisi vepamba vagare pakugovera LTS, asi kumasangano isarudzo yakajairika. Naizvozvo, sarudzo yevagadziri veAstra Linux yakanangwa chikamu chekambani inonzwisisika uye inonzwisisika.

Kana zviri izvo zvinokanganisa, zvinonyanya kuve zvechokwadi kune avo vakajaira kushanda neLinux, sezvo kunze Astra Linux "Eagle" iri padyo neWindows pane Linux. 

Astra Linux "Gondo" Yakajairwa Edition inotaridzika senge yakanaka kutsiva iyo hofisi vhezheni yeWindows sechikamu cheshanduko kune yemahara software yemasangano ehurumende, asi pakushandisa pamba ingaite seyakachengetedza.

Kubva kukambani yeAstra Linux: tinogara tichitaurirana nevashandisi vehurongwa hwedu hwekushandisa. Isu tinogara tichinyorwa nezve zvavanoona - kwete chete nevaya vachangobva kuchinjira kuOS yedu, asiwo nevashandisi vanga vachishandisa software yedu kwenguva yakareba. Kana iwe uine ruzivo rwawakagadzirira kugovera uye kutsanangura yako mushandisi ruzivo neAstra, nyora mune zvakataurwa uye pasocial network.

Source: www.habr.com