Backup haisi imwe yeazvino matekinoroji anoshevedzwa kubva kune ese iron. Izvo zvinongofanirwa kunge zviri mune chero yakakomba kambani, ndizvo zvese. Isu tinotsigira zviuru zvakati wandei maseva mubhangi redu - iri ibasa rakaoma, rinonakidza, mamwe ehunyengeri ayo, pamwe neakajairika mafungiro ekusaziva nezve backups, anongoda kuudzwa.
Ndanga ndichishanda pamusoro penyaya iyi kwemakore anoda kusvika makumi maviri, ayo makore maviri apfuura anga ari kuPromsvyazbank. Pakutanga kwechiito, ndakaita ma backups anenge nemaoko, nemagwaro aingokopa mafaera. Ipapo maturusi akakodzera akaonekwa muWindows: iyo Robocopy utility yekugadzirira mafaera uye NT Backup yekukopa. Uye chete ipapo yakasvika nguva yehunyanzvi software, kunyanya Veritas Backup Exec, yava kunzi Symantec Backup Exec. Saka ndanga ndichijaira ma backups kwenguva yakareba.
Mumashoko akareruka, backup kuchengeta kopi yedata (chaiyo muchina, maapplication, dhatabhesi uye mafaera) kana paine imwe nguva. Mhosva yega yega inowanzo ratidza senge Hardware kana zvine musoro kukundikana uye inoguma nekurasikirwa nedata. Chinangwa chegadziriro yekuchengetedza ndechekuderedza kurasikirwa kwemashoko. Kutadza kwehardware ndiko, semuenzaniso, kutadza kwesevha kana kuchengetedza uko dhatabhesi iripo. Zvinonzwisisika - uku ndiko kurasikirwa kana kuchinjwa kwechikamu che data, kusanganisira nekuda kwechikonzero chemunhu: vakadzima netsaona tafura, faira, vakatangisa script yakatsveyama kuti vauraye. Kune zvakare zvinodikanwa zvemutongi kuchengetedza imwe mhando yeruzivo kwenguva yakareba, semuenzaniso, kusvika kumakore akati wandei.
Kunyanya kushandiswa kwema backups ndiko kudzoreredzwa kwekopi yakachengetwa yedhatabhesi yekutumirwa kweakasiyana siyana ebvunzo masisitimu, ma clones evagadziri.
Kune mashoma akajairwa ngano dzakatenderedza backup iyo inofanirwa kudzingwa kare. Heano ane mukurumbira wavo.
Nhema 1. Backup yakagara ichingova basa diki mukati mekuchengetedza kana kuchengetedza masisitimu
Backup masisitimu achiri kuramba ari ega ega emhinduro, uye akazvimirira kwazvo. Vane basa rakawandisa rokuita. Muchokwadi, iwo ndiwo mutsara wekupedzisira wekudzivirira kana zvasvika pakutendeseka kwedata. Saka backup inoshanda nekumhanya kwayo, pahurongwa hwayo. Chirevo chezuva nezuva chinogadzirwa kune maseva, pane zviitiko zvinoita sezvinokonzeresa zvekutarisa system.
Uyezve, iyo yemuenzaniso yekuwana iyo backup system inobvumidza iwe kugovera chikamu chechiremera kune vanotungamira masisitimu anotangwa kubata ma backups.
Nhema 2. Kana paine RAID, backup haichadiwi.
Pasina mubvunzo, RAID arrays uye kudzokororwa kwedata inzira yakanaka yekudzivirira masisitimu eruzivo kubva mukukundikana kwehardware, uye kana uine sevha yekumira, unogona kukurumidza kuronga kuchinjira kwairi kana muchina mukuru ukatadza.
Kubva pane zvikanganiso zvine musoro izvo zvakaitwa nevashandisi veiyo system, redundancy uye kudzokorora hakuchengetedze. Heino nyora-kumashure yekumira server - hongu, inogona kubatsira kana kukanganisa kwaonekwa kusati kwabatanidzwa. Uye kana nguva yacho yakarasika? Chete backup yenguva ichabatsira pano. Kana iwe uchiziva kuti iyo data yakachinja nezuro, unogona kudzoreredza sisitimu kune zuva rakapfuura nezuro uye kubvisa iyo inodiwa data kubva mairi. Tichifunga nezve chokwadi chekuti zvikanganiso zvine musoro ndizvo zvakajairika, iyo yakanaka yekare backup inoramba iri chishandiso chakasimbiswa uye chakakosha.
Nhema 3. A backup chinhu chinoitwa kamwe chete pamwedzi.
Iyo backup frequency igadziriro inogadziriswa iyo inonyanya kutsamira pane yako backup system zvinodiwa. Izvo zvinogoneka kuwana data risingambo shanduke uye harina kunyanya kukosha, kurasikirwa kwavo hakuzove kwakakosha kune kambani.
Ivo, zvechokwadi, vanogona kutsigirwa kamwe chete pamwedzi uye kunyange zvishoma kazhinji. Asi zvakanyanya kukosha data inochengetwa kazhinji, zvichienderana neiyo RPO (Recovery point objrective) chiratidzo, iyo inogadzirisa inobvumidzwa kurasikirwa kwedata. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa kamwe chete pavhiki, kamwe chete pazuva, kana kunyange kakawanda paawa. Tine aya matanda ekutengeserana kubva kuDBMS.
Kana masisitimu akaiswa mukushanda kwekutengeserana, magwaro ekuchengetedza anofanirwa kubvumidzwa, ayo anoratidza mapoinzi makuru, maitiro ekuvandudza, maitiro ekudzoreredza sisitimu, maitiro ekuchengeta backups, nezvimwe zvakadaro.
Nhema 4. Huwandu hwemakopi huri kuramba huchikura uye hunotora chero nzvimbo yakagoverwa zvachose.
Mabhapu ane nguva shoma yekuchengeta. Izvo hazvina musoro, semuenzaniso, kuchengetedza ese 365 zuva nezuva backups mukati megore. Sezvo mutemo, zvinogamuchirwa kuchengeta makopi ezuva nezuva kwemavhiki maviri, mushure mezvo anotsiviwa nematsva, uye shanduro yakagadzirwa kutanga mumwedzi inoramba iri mukuchengetedza kwenguva refu. Iyo, zvakare, inochengeterwawo imwe nguva - kopi yega yega ine hupenyu hwese.
Pane kuchengetedzwa kwedata. Mutemo unoshanda: kuchengetedza kusati kwabviswa, inotevera inofanira kuumbwa. Naizvozvo, iyo data haizodzimwa kana backup isati yapedzwa, semuenzaniso, nekuda kwekushaikwa kweseva. Kwete chete mafiremu enguva anoremekedzwa, asi nhamba yemakopi museti inodzorwa zvakare. Kana iyo sisitimu yakagadzirirwa kuve neaviri akazara backups, pachagara paine maviri acho, uye yekare ichabviswa chete kana imwe yechitatu nyowani yanyorwa zvinobudirira. Saka kukura kwevhoriyamu inogarwa neiyo backup archive inosanganiswa chete nekukura kwehuwandu hwe data rakachengetedzwa uye hazvinei nenguva.
Nhema 5. Backup yakatanga - zvese zvakarembera
Zviri nani kutaura izvi: kana zvinhu zvose zvakarembera, ipapo maoko emutungamiri haakure kubva ipapo. Kazhinji, kuita kwe backup kunoenderana nezvinhu zvakawanda. Semuenzaniso, pakumhanya kweiyo backup system pachayo: nekukurumidza sei disk storages, tepi maraibhurari. Kubva pakumhanya kwemaseva eiyo backup system: kunyangwe vaine nguva yekugadzirisa data, kuita kudzvanya uye kudzoreredza. Uye zvakare nekumhanya kwemitsara yekutaurirana pakati pemutengi neserver.
Iyo backup inogona kuenda kune imwe kana kupfuura hova, zvichienderana nekuti iyo system iri kutsigirwa inotsigira multithreading. Semuenzaniso, Oracle DBMS inokubvumira kuti upe tambo dzakawanda, maererano nehuwandu hwema processors anowanikwa, kusvikira chiyero chekufambisa chichirova network network bandwidth.
Kana iwe ukaedza kutsigira nhamba huru yeshinda, saka pane mukana wekuremedza sisitimu inomhanya, inozotanga kudzikira. Nokudaro, nhamba yakakwana yeshinda inosarudzwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekushanda kwakakwana. Kana kunyangwe kuderera kushoma kwekuita kwakakosha, saka pane yakanakisa sarudzo kana backup inoitwa kwete kubva kune yekurwa server, asi kubva kune yayo clone - yekumira mune dhatabhesi terminology. Iyi nzira haigadziri iyo huru yekushanda system. Dhata inogona kudzoserwa kuburikidza neakawanda hova, sezvo sevha isingashandiswe kugadzirisa.
Mumasangano makuru, network yakaparadzana inogadzirirwa iyo backup system kuitira kuti backup isakanganisa kugadzirwa. Mukuwedzera, traffic inogona kusafambiswa kuburikidza netiweki, asi kuburikidza neSAN.
Tinoedza kuparadzira mutoro nekufamba kwenguva zvakare. Backups inonyanya kuitwa panguva isiri-yekushanda maawa: husiku, pakupera kwevhiki. Uyezve, havasi vose vanomhanya panguva imwe chete. Backups yemuchina chaiwo inyaya yakakosha. Maitiro acho haana mhedzisiro pakuita kwemuchina pachawo, saka backup inogona kupararira masikati, uye kwete kumisikidza zvese husiku. Pane zvakawanda zvisinganzwisisike, kana iwe ukafunga nezve zvese, backup haizokanganisa mashandiro emasystem.
Nhema 6. Yakatangwa negadziriro yeparutivi - ndiko kukanganisa kushivirira kwauri
Usambofa wakakanganwa kuti backup system ndiyo yekupedzisira mutsara wekudzivirira, izvo zvinoreva kuti panofanira kunge paine mamwe mashanu masisitimu pamberi payo anovimbisa kuenderera, kuwanikwa kwepamusoro uye kushivirira kwenjodzi kweiyo IT zvivakwa uye bhizinesi ruzivo masisitimu.
Kutarisira kuti iyo backup ichadzoreredza data rese uye nekukurumidza kusimudza iyo yakawa sevhisi haina kukosha. Kurasikirwa nedata kubva panguva yekusevha kusvika panguva yekutadza kunovimbiswa, uye data rinogona kuiswa kune nyowani sevha kwemaawa akati wandei (kana mazuva, sezvo uine rombo rakanaka). Naizvozvo, zvine musoro kugadzira yakazara-yakazara-inoshivirira masisitimu pasina kushandura zvese kune backup.
Nhema 7. Ndakagadzira backup kamwe, ndakatarisa kuti inoshanda. Inosara chete kutarisa matanda
Iyi ndiyo imwe yenhema dzinokuvadza, iyo fakeness yaunoona chete panguva yechiitiko. Kubudirira kuchengetedza matanda haisi vimbiso yekuti zvese zvakanyatsofamba sezvazvaifanira. Izvo zvakakosha kuti utarise iyo yakachengetwa kopi ye deployability pachine nguva. Ndiko, tanga kudzoreredza maitiro munzvimbo yekuyedza uye tarisa mugumisiro.
Uye zvishoma nezvebasa remugadziri wehurongwa
Mune manyorero mode, hapana anga achikopa data kwenguva yakareba. MaSRK emazuva ano anogona kutsigira zvinenge zvese, iwe unongofanira kuzvimisa nemazvo. Kana sevha itsva yawedzerwa, isa mitemo: sarudza izvo zvichange zvichitsigirwa, tsanangura sarudzo dzekuchengetedza, uye shandisa purogiramu.
Panguva imwecheteyo, kuchine basa rakawanda nekuda kwezvikepe zvakakura zvemaseva, anosanganisira dhatabhesi, masisitimu etsamba, masumbu emuchina chaiwo, uye mafaera anogovera zvese paWindows neLinux / Unix. Vashandi vanochengeta iyo backup system inoshanda havagare vasina basa.
Mukukudza kwezororo, ndinoda kushuvira vese admins tsinga dzakasimba, kujeka kwekufamba uye nzvimbo isingaperi yekuchengetedza backups!
Source: www.habr.com