Isu tinoenderera mberi nekutaura nezve maturusi ekuongorora maitiro eCPU paLinux michina. Nhasi mune zvinyorwa: temci, uarch-bhenji, likwid, perf-zvishandiso uye llvm-mca.
Mamwe mabhenji:
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Ichi chishandiso chekufungidzira nguva yekuitwa kwezvirongwa zviviri. Chaizvoizvo, inokubvumira kuti uenzanise nguva yekuuraya yezvikumbiro zviviri. Munyori wezvishandiso aive mudzidzi wekuGermany, Johannes Bechberger, uyo akarigadzira sechikamu chedzidziso yake yekupedza kudzidza muna 2016. Nhasi chishandiso vane rezinesi pasi peGNU General Public License.
Johannes aida kugadzira chishandiso chaizomubvumira kuyera kushanda kwegadziriro yekombuta munzvimbo inodzorwa. Nokudaro, chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zve temci kukwanisa kugadzirisa nzvimbo yekuedza. Semuyenzaniso, : shandura CPU frequency maneja marongero, dzima uye L1 neL2 cache, dzima turbo modhi paIntel processors, nezvimwe. Pakuenzanisa temci inoshandisa maturusi. , ΠΈ .
Izvi ndizvo zvinotaridzika semushandisi mune yekutanga kesi:
# compare the run times of two programs, running them each 20 times
> temci short exec "sleep 0.1" "sleep 0.2" --runs 20
Benchmark 20 times [####################################] 100%
Report for single runs
sleep 0.1 ( 20 single benchmarks)
avg_mem_usage mean = 0.000, deviation = 0.0
avg_res_set mean = 0.000, deviation = 0.0
etime mean = 100.00000m, deviation = 0.00000%
max_res_set mean = 2.1800k, deviation = 3.86455%
stime mean = 0.000, deviation = 0.0
utime mean = 0.000, deviation = 0.0
sleep 0.2 ( 20 single benchmarks)
avg_mem_usage mean = 0.000, deviation = 0.0
avg_res_set mean = 0.000, deviation = 0.0
etime mean = 200.00000m, deviation = 0.00000%
max_res_set mean = 2.1968k, deviation = 3.82530%
stime mean = 0.000, deviation = 0.0
utime mean = 0.000, deviation = 0.0
Zvichienderana nemhedzisiro yebenchmarking, iyo system inogadzira ine madhayagiramu, matafura uye magirafu, ayo anosiyanisa temci nemhinduro dzakafanana.
Pakati pezvikanganiso zve temci, "vechidiki" vayo vanobuda pachena. Nokuda kweizvi iye hardware uye software zvigadziriso. Semuenzaniso, zvinonetsa kumhanya paMacOS, uye mamwe maficha haawanikwe pane ARM-based system. Mune ramangwana, mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kuchinja, sezvo munyori ari kushingaira kugadzira chirongwa, uye nhamba yenyeredzi paGitHub iri kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma - kwete kare kare temci kunyange. paHacker News.
Chishandiso chekuongorora mashandiro eiyo yakaderera-level CPU mabasa, akagadzirwa nainjiniya Travis Downs () Munguva pfupi yapfuura anga achibloga paGitHub Mapeji, inotaura nezve mabenchmarking maturusi uye zvimwe zvinhu zvine hukama. Kazhinji, uarch-bhenji ichangotanga kuwana mukurumbira, asi yatove yakajairika vagari veHacker Nhau mune thematic tambo seyekuenda-kune chishandiso chekuenzanisa.
Uarch-bhenji rinokutendera kuti uongorore ndangariro kuita, parallel data kurodha kumhanya uye kuchenesa basa . Izvo mabhenji emhedzisiro anogadzirwa nechirongwa anotaridzika sei anogona kuwanikwa pazasi peji.
Izvo zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti uarch-bhenji, senge temci, Intel Turbo Boost basa (inongowedzera iyo processor wachi kumhanya pasi pemutoro) kuitira kuti mhedzisiro yebvunzo ienderane.
Parizvino, chirongwa ichi chiri mumatanho ekutanga ebudiriro, saka uarch-bhenji haina magwaro akadzama, uye mashandiro ayo anogona kunge aine bugs - semuenzaniso, nekutanga paRyzen. Zvakare, mabhenji chete e x86 architecture anotsigirwa. Munyori anovimbisa kuwedzera mamwe mashandiro mune ramangwana uye anokukoka iwe kuti ubatanidze budiriro.
Iyi seti yezvishandiso zvekuongorora mashandiro eLinux michina ine Intel, AMD uye ARMv8 processors. Yakagadzirwa pasi pekutungamirwa kweGerman Federal Ministry yeDzidzo uye Tsvagiridzo muna 2017 uye yakaburitswa mune yakavhurika sosi.
Pakati pezvishandiso zve likwid, tinogona kusimbisa likwid-powermeter, iyo inoratidza ruzivo kubva kuRAPL marejista pamusoro pesimba rinoshandiswa nehurongwa, pamwe ne likwid-setFrequencies, iyo inokubvumira kudzora processor frequency. Unogona kuona runyoro rwakakwana .
Ichi chishandiso chinoshandiswa nevainjiniya vanobatanidzwa mukutsvagisa kweHPC. Somuenzaniso, ne likwid boka renyanzvi kubva kuRegional Computing Center yeYunivhesiti yeErlangen-Nuremberg (RRZE) muGermany. Anotorawo chikamu chinoshanda mukugadzira iyi seti yezvishandiso.
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Ichi chishandiso chekuongorora mashandiro eLinux maseva Brendan Gregg. Ndiye mumwe wevagadziri -yakasimba yekutevera chimiro chekugadzirisa zvikumbiro munguva chaiyo.
perf-zvishandiso zvakavakirwa pane perf_events uye ftrace kernel subsystems. Zvishandiso zvavo zvinokutendera kuti uongorore I / O latency (iosnoop), track system yekufona nharo (unccount, funcslower, funcgraph uye functrace) uye kuunganidza nhamba dze "hits" mufaira cache (cachestat). Muchiitiko chekupedzisira, murairo unotaridzika seizvi:
# ./cachestat -t
Counting cache functions... Output every 1 seconds.
TIME HITS MISSES DIRTIES RATIO BUFFERS_MB CACHE_MB
08:28:57 415 0 0 100.0% 1 191
08:28:58 411 0 0 100.0% 1 191
08:28:59 362 97 0 78.9% 0 8
08:29:00 411 0 0 100.0% 0 9
Nharaunda yakakura yakaumbwa yakatenderedza chiridzwa () Uye kune makambani anoshingairira kushandisa perf-zvishandiso, semuenzaniso . Asi chishandiso chiri kuvandudzwa uye kugadziridzwa (kunyangwe zvigadziriso zvakaburitswa kashoma nguva pfupi yadarika). Nokudaro, kukanganisa kunogona kuitika mukushanda kwayo - munyori anonyora kuti dzimwe nguva perf-maturusi anokonzera kernel kutya.
Chishandiso chinofanotaura kuti mangani ekombuta zviwanikwa zvemuchina kodhi anozoda pane akasiyana maCPU. Iye Mirairo Pakutenderera () uye mutoro pane Hardware inogadzirwa neimwe application.
llvm-mca yakaratidzwa muna 2018 sechikamu chepurojekiti , iyo iri kugadzira hurongwa hwepasi rose hwekuongorora, kushandura uye kugadzirisa zvirongwa. Zvinozivikanwa kuti vanyori vellvm-mca vakafemerwa nemhinduro yekuongorora mashandiro esoftware. ndokutsvaga kugadzira imwe nzira. Uye maererano nevashandisi, kuburitsa kwechishandiso (kurongeka kwavo uye huwandu) hwakafanana neIACA - muenzaniso. . Nekudaro, llvm-mca inobvuma chete , saka uchanyanya kushandisa ma converters kushanda nawo.
Zvatinonyora pamusoro pemablog edu uye masocial network:
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Source: www.habr.com