Izvo zvakatanga sepfungwa yakashinga yekugadzira imwe nzira kune yazvino mari system yave kutanga kushanduka kuita indasitiri yakazara nevatambi vayo vakuru, mazano ekutanga uye mitemo, majee uye nharo pamusoro pebudiriro yeramangwana. Hondo yevateveri iri kukura zvishoma nezvishoma, vakaderera-mhando uye vakarasika vashandi vari kubviswa zvishoma nezvishoma, uye nharaunda iri kuumbwa inotora mapurojekiti emhando iyi zvakanyanya. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mativi maviri makuru akabuda zvino - avo vanoona kukunda kuburikidza ne blockchain uye vari kuedza kuvandudza chokwadi chiripo kuburikidza ne blockchain mhinduro; uye avo vanoona kukunda kuburikidza cryptocurrencies uye kuumbwa kwechokwadi chitsva. Pakati pekupedzisira, zvakakosha kuratidza chikamu chakadai seBitcoin maximalists, anove mamwe emamwe akasimba maitiro mune ino nzira.
Kazhinji, kutarisa kwevarwi vepamberi hakutendeuki kukugadzira nzira nemhinduro dzekukunda kwavo kwakasarudzwa, asi kune vamwe vavo varwi kuti vave netsika pamusoro pekukwana kwemaitiro avo. Kune vakawanda vakavimbika uye kune imwe yenzira iyo isingaedzi kushora rimwe divi. Eat , avo vari kutoedza kuratidza kuti nzira yavo inonyanya kukosha uye inoshanda. Uye kune avo chinzvimbo chemumwe munyori kuti abudise muono wake wemamiriro ezvinhu. Ndakasarudza nemaune nyaya dzinenge dzinenge dzine musoro mumwe chete kuti zvinyatsooneka kuti kutaura kumwe chete kwokuti βuyo anokoshaβ kungapiwa sei zvakasiyana.
Mibvunzo ye "ndiani anokosha" uye "ndiani ane tarisiro yakajeka" inotanga kushanduka kuva chimwe chinhu chetaboo yemunharaunda, nokuti kunze kwekukakavadzana kwepfungwa sezvinyorwa zviri pamusoro, vanogonawo kutanga hondo yakazara inoshanduka kuva. gakava reupenzi nezve "ndeipi iri nani: koni kana PC" kugadzirwa kwenzvimbo.
Muchinyorwa chino handisi kuzopokana kune rimwe remativi, asi kuti ndiratidze kusakosha kwegakava iri. Handizivi kuti chii chichauya pane izvi, ndinongotarisira kuti zvichatungamirira kuhurukuro inovaka kubva kwandinogona kutora pfungwa dzakakosha dzenguva yemberi.
Zvakanaka, ini ndichamira kukutsvaira nemaforeplays aya. Ini ndichatanga nemapoinzi akati wandei ayo nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero vanhu vazhinji vanokanganwa nezvazvo.
Bitcoin haisi teknolojia, asi pfungwa yehupfumi
Hongu, Bitcoin ine hwaro hwetekinoroji muchimiro che blockchain, nhamba huru yezvirambidzo, yakavakirwa-mukati maalgorithms, kushandiswa kwecryptographic mabasa, zvichingodaro. Kumwe kuvandudzwa kweBitcoin kungangovewo kwehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi (kubuda kweyechipiri-chikamu network seMheni Network, kuiswa kweSchnorr siginicha), uye kwete zvehupfumi (kuchinja kwehuwandu hwemari mukutenderera, shanduko yakasimba. mukunetseka kugadzirisa avhareji yekumhanya kwe block block). Zvese izvi chinhu cheBitcoin network uye mamiriro ayo aripo.
Bitcoin pachayo, muchimiro checryptocurrency, inonyanya chikamu chehupfumi. Iyo Bitcoin pfungwa yakatanga kusikwa seimwe nzira yemagetsi transaction system yaisazoda centralized moderation. Uye zvichibva pane iyi pfungwa, hwaro hwatove hwakaumbwa uye zvivakwa zvakagadzirwa izvo zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kuita chirongwa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, isu tine hurongwa hunofanirwa kugadzirisa nyaya yekuvimba nevechitatu mapato. Uye ndekupi kune chiyero chakakosha chekutsamira kune vechitatu mapato uye chinodiwa chekuvimba navo? In economics.
Kana hurumende ikatevera mutemo wemari usingabatsiri, semugumisiro wekuti "mari" inoshanduka kuva pepa risingabatsiri, ipapo hurumende yakadaro inorasikirwa nekutsigirwa kwevashandisi vayo, uye vanotsvaka dzimwe nzira dzekuchengetedza mari yavo. Kukosha kweBitcoin ndeyekuti inodenha iyo yakamiswa system uye inopa imwe chikamu kune avo vanoitsvaga. Ini handichada kupinda zvakadzama mumusoro wenyaya izvozvi, sezvo ndakatonyora , iyo inotaura nezvenyaya iyi zvakadzama. Asi zvakanga zvakakosha kutaura nezvazvo.
Blockchain haisi panacea
Ndinofunga kuti munhu wose akawana zvinyorwa apo zvakanyorwa kuti kushandiswa kwe blockchain kunogona kuchinja indasitiri yose. Iyo blockchain ichachinja sei hupenyu, zvekufambisa, sainzi, mushonga, accounting, kugadzira zvemukati, indasitiri yemotokari uye mamwe mafaro. Ichi ndicho chinhu chekutanga chandakawana muinjini yekutsvaga.
Mushure mekuverenga zvinyorwa zvakadaro, vamwe vanhu vanotanga kufungidzira kuti blockchain ndeyemashiripiti prodigy inogona kugadzirisa hupenyu hwedu mukati nekunze. Asi, muchokwadi, mazhinji eakatsanangurwa blockchain mhinduro anogona kuitwa uchishandisa centralized system, inogona kutonyanya kushanda. Kune mapurojekiti ari rudzi rwe blockchain analogue yeyatove iripo yepakati mhinduro. Kushandisa blockchain nekuda kwe blockchain ipfungwa yepakati. Dzimwe nguva blockchain inogona, pane kudaro, kuva dambudziko uye kushanduka kuita imwe mhando ye . Ini ndinofunga izvi ndizvo zvingaite serobhoti pa blockchain.
Handisi kuti blockchain inyanzvi isingabatsiri, usangoita kuti ive imwe rudzi rweaspirin. Iyo blockchain yakaratidza kukosha kwayo nenyaya yekuti protocol inoshanda muchimiro cheBitcoin yakagadzirwa pahwaro hwayo. Iyi yatove imwe mhando yekushandisa iyo inogona kugadzirwa nekuda kwe blockchain. Uye munyaya iyi, ndiyo teknolojia inodiwa yekushanda kweBitcoin uye kuvimbisa pfungwa yayo, uye haina kuvakwa mukati ... saizvozvowo.
Blockchain yakanaka kwete chete kugadzira zvisingaperi marudzi e cryptocurrencies. Inogona kushandiswa kugadzira mamwe maapplication, asi chete painodiwa chaizvo.
Iye zvino ngatitarisei zvakanyanya kuenzanisa pakati pe blockchain neBitcoin.
Motokari uye gearbox
Blockchain neBitcoin mapoka maviri akasiyana, saka hazvina musoro kuenzanisa pakati pavo ndiani akakosha uye anovimbisa. Semuenzaniso, unogona here kutaura kuti ndechipi chakagadzirwa chinonyanya kukosha - mota kana gearbox? Ini pachangu, zvakandiomera kuti ndipindure.
Bitcoin haisi tekinoroji, asi seti yetekinoroji inoumba chikamu chitsva - imwe nzira yemari. Iyo mota zvakare muunganidzwa wematekinoroji ayo pamwechete akagadzira imwe nzira yekufambisa. Muchiitiko ichi, blockchain ndiyo bhokisi regiya, nekuti ndiyo chaiyo tekinoroji inobatsira mudziyo (application) kushanda zvinoenderana neimwe nheyo.
Ukaburitsa giya bhokisi mumotokari, hazvidi kutaura, mota yave bhaketi risina zvarinoreva remabhaudhi asingaende chero pasina gearbox. Iyo gearbox kunze kwemotokari hainawo kukosha. Zvine basa rei kuti atandare pabelcony pako? Nokudaro, kukosha kweumwe neumwe wevatori vechikamu kunogona kuteverwa chete kana kushanda pamwe chete, uye kwete zvakasiyana.
Asi munhu haafaniri kufunga kuti aya ndiwo mapoka akasiyana. Iwe unogona kugadzira mota isina giya bhokisi, senge mota dzemagetsi, uko kune giya rimwe chete. Muchiitiko ichi, isu tinongoshandura nzira. Kana motokari isingashandisi nheyo yebhokisi, izvi hazvirevi kuti haisisiri motokari. Akangosiyana.
Hapana arikumisa iwe kugadzira cryptocurrency pasina blockchain. Chinhu chekutanga chinouya mupfungwa inotungamirirwa acyclic graph kana DAG, iyo inoshandiswa, semuenzaniso, muIOTA cryptocurrency. Kazhinji ivo vanoedza kugadzira IoT kunze kwe blockchain, iyo isina kugadzirirwa musimboti (kunyangwe ini ndisingarambe kana mumwe munhu abudirira). Nekudaro, DAG yatove yakavimbika kune avo vanoda kugadzira cryptocurrency IoT, asi ingangoda mamwe maficha ari hunhu hwe blockchain.
Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo nheyo yebhokisi yegiya inoshandiswa kwete chete mumotokari kana dzimwe motokari. Kune chinhu chakadai segiya bhokisi, uye chakajairika mumashini akasiyana. Ini handisati ndamboshanda mukugadzira, saka handikwanise kutsanangura zvizere kukosha kwemagiya mabhokisi emidziyo yemuchina uye maitiro ayo pamhando yezvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa. Ini ndinongofunga kuti inoita basa rakakosha kune manufactories emhando dzakasiyana, nekuti haugone kuenda kure nekumhanya kumwe uye izvi zvinoderedza zvakanyanya kugona kwemuchina.
Saizvozvo, blockchain inogona kushandiswa kwete chete nekuda kweiyo pfungwa ye cryptocurrencies. Iye zvino vari kuyedza kuisa blockchain mu "machine" emaindasitiri akasiyana ane sirogani: "Tarisa kuti ingani mikana, yakawanda sei iyo inowedzera kujeka kwekuyerera kwegwaro, kuti inoderedza sei mutengo wekuchengetedza uye kugadzirisa ruzivo, iwe hauchada. kuva ne "machine" mashanu ane kumhanya kwakasiyana, unogona kushandisa "muchina" mumwe wepasi rose. Nguva ichataura kuti "muchina" uyu uchauya kupi uye nezvinangwa zvipi.
Vana veBitcoin
Rangarira gearbox yakarara pabalcony? Zvakanaka, imwe yenharo huru dzazvino dzekubatsira kwayo ndeyekuti inogona kushandiswa nekushandurwa kune dzimwe, mota dzakafanana. Zvandinoreva ndezvekuti nhamba huru yezvino blockchains yakafanana neBitcoin blockchain, sezvo ichishandiswa setemplate.
Chii chinoita Bitcoin zvakanaka? Inogadzira bhuroka ingangoita maminetsi ega ega e10 nenzira yakasarudzika uye isina kukanganiswa uye inoitisa kutengeserana, ichifuratira miganhu yepasirese uye vanodzora. Uye neimwe nzira, ndizvo zvoga zvaanoita. Pane kutengeserana - tinotumira kutengeserana, uye haina kuchinjwa. Vamwe vangafunga kuti izvi hazvina kukwana kuti zvinzi tekinoroji yekuchinja kana pfungwa. Kune vamwe, izvi zvakakwana zvakakwana, nokuti vashoma vanogona kupa zvakafanana.
Pano tinogona kupa muenzaniso wesando uye mbambo. Bitcoin ichava iyo inonzi yakajairika sando, uye kurovera zvipikiri mumadziro kuchave kusingachinjiki kutengeserana.
Vamwe vangafunga kuti Bitcoin yakareruka, ine mashandiro mashoma, kana ine chimiro chisina kurongeka zvishoma. Uye vari kuitei? Vanotsika sando dzakasiyana-siyana pakuravira kwese uye ruvara: mumwe munhu anochinja saizi yemurove kana mubato (hesi, Bitcoin ... chimwe chinhu chakadaro); vamwe vanogadzira sando dzebasa chairo; mumwe munhu anosungira demo kana chipikiri kune rumwe rutivi rwesando, achiedza kuita kuti ishande zvikuru; vamwe vanhu vanongowedzera rhinestones nekuti sando inoita seyakasuruvara kwavari. Uye munhu wose anoti nyundo yake ndiyo yakanakisisa uye inofambira mberi. Izvi ndizvo zvinoita Coinmarketcap.
Dzimwe nguva zvinoseka kana zvipikiri zvinoroverwa mukati nefoshoro (mhoro, nhepfenyuro), uye ipapo vanoda foshoro vanofara, vachizivisa kuti mudziyo wavo uchiri kukwanisa kuita zvakawanda. Um, varume, senge pasina anokurambidza kurovera mbambo nefoshoro, handizvo zvayakasikirwa. Inogona kubatsira chaizvo kana iwe uchida kuvaka chimwe chinhu chitsva, asi hapana chikonzero chekutaura kuti nekuda kwekureruka kwayo, sando yakajairwa yakaderera. Rega chiridzwa chimwe nechimwe chiite zvachakasikirwa.
Ndinofunga kuti munhu wese achasarudza izvo zviri nyore uye zvakanyanya kukosha kwavari. Sarudzo yevashandisi yezvekushandisa kunyundo zvipikiri ichave chiratidzo chakanaka cheicho chakanakisa sarudzo yebasa racho.
Asi hazvisi izvo izvo Bitcoin blockchain kana iyo Bitcoin pfungwa inoshandiswa se template inokweretwa kugadzira mhinduro yayo. Dambudziko nderekuti vazhinji vanotarisa kuBitcoin uye blockchain yayo.
Bitcoin ipfungwa chaiyo uye yakananga nzira yekuiwana. Uye panzvimbo yekugadzira mazano avo uye nzira yavo, kana kupa mazano ekuvandudza Bitcoin, mumwe munhu anongoita "Bitcoin yake." Sarudzo, hongu, yakanaka, asi isu tinonyatsoda akawanda here "yedu pachedu bitcoins"? Kana ndiri ini, iyo "yakaenzana neBitcoin" nzira inodzikamisa maonero eBitcoin uye cryptocurrencies, uye iyo blockchain tekinoroji pachayo. Kunyangwe pamwe ndiri kukanganisa.
Nei Bitcoin iri Model T
Asi sezvo nharaunda yekristptocurrency ine zvakawanda kana zvishoma zvakasarudzwa pamusoro pepfungwa inokosha yekuti cryptocurrency inofanira kutaridzika sei, zvino ichikwevera zvimwe zvakafanana neindasitiri yemotokari, tinogona kutaura kuti Bitcoin imhando yeFord Model T. Kunyange zvazvo isingagoni kunzi iyo motokari yekutanga, sezvo vakanga vambovapo, asi ndiye akanga ari wekutanga kugadzirisa dambudziko guru rakadzivisa kutanga kutorwa kwevanhu vakawanda - mari.
Pfungwa ye cryptocurrencies yaivewo mumhepo kumashure kuma90s uye kwaive nekuyedza seBit Gold, B-Money neHashcash, asi vese vaive nedambudziko rimwe - centralization. Uye Bitcoin yakagadzirisa dambudziko iri, iro rakaripa rubatsiro rwekutanga pakati peavo rakakosha kwavari.
Zvino mubvunzo ndewekuti: pane munhu anoona Model Ts achityaira mumigwagwa izvozvi? Ndinofunga kuti hazvigoneke kuti vazhinji vedu taona imwe yemota idzi mumunhu. Kana paine, uku hakusi kushoropodza kweBitcoin uye kwete chirevo chekuti ichave isina basa nekufamba kwenguva.
Mafungiro nemisimboti yatinoisa mumotokari dzemazuva ano ishanduko yepfungwa uye magadzirirwo eModel T. Iyo Bitcoin yatinoziva ikozvino inozoenda parutivi. Mazhinji mamisimboti akakosha achave ari pasi pekugadziridzwa uye kudzokororwa kwemaonero. Iyo Bitcoin yeramangwana inogona kunge yakasiyana chaizvo neBitcoin yanhasi. Inogona kurasikirwa nezvimwe zvikanganiso zvemazuva ano, asi inogona kuwana zvitsva zvatisati tichifunga nezvazvo. Kunyangwe iyo Bitcoin iripo ikozvino haina kufanana neyaive makore gumi apfuura.
Hazvizivikanwe kuti ndeipi nzira yekushanduka-shanduka iyo yekutanga Bitcoin pachayo ichaitwa. Iyo base inogona kuramba isina kushanduka, asi yayo yechipiri- neyechitatu-nhanho network ichatove nekuchinja uye kusimudzira. Zvichida isu ticharamba tichingogara tichichinja chigadziko chete. Kana kuti icharamba iri Model T yekare, iyo ichaunganidzwa ndokushandiswa sedura roukoshi.
Hapana chikonzero chekukurumidza kufanotaura kukanganwa kana kubudirira kweBitcoin, nokuti hatizivi ramangwana revector yekukura kwayo. Kutaura nezvekukanganwa: iko zvino zviri nyore kutsoropodza Bitcoin uye blockchain yayo. Uye kune avo vanozvifarira, heino chipo chidiki muchimiro . Ndinovimba ichakubatsira uye kuita kuti basa rako rive nyore.
Chinhu chikuru ndechekuti kushoropodzwa kweBitcoin nepfungwa yayo haifanire kuderedzwa kuita pfungwa iri nyore: "Ngoro iyi haina bhiza." Tingava sei nechokwadi chokuti huchatisvitsa ikoko, uye tichahudzora sei? Sei tichiuya nenzira yakaoma uye isinganzwisisike yekufamba-famba kana tichigona kungokwira bhiza? Chii chinoita kuti ufunge kuti tichakwira izvi, kana tave takatasva mabhiza kwezviuru zvemakore? Ko kana ikatsemuka? Iyi mibvunzo yakakosha yese. Zvichida mumwe munhu achakwanisa kuvapindura zvishoma kana vakasatarisa pasi pehodhi, asi edza kunzwisisa kuti "iyo" inoshanda sei uye chii chinopa pakupedzisira.
Hongu, bhiza yakanaka uye yakanakira yepakati mhinduro, asi izvi hazvireve kuti isu tichaishandisa zvachose.
Zvishoma nezve tarisiro
Sezvo blockchain iri tekinoroji, zviri nyore kuti itore nyika. Inogona kushandiswa, mushure mezvo iwe unogona kukurumidza kunzwisisa izvo zvinopa mhinduro. Iwe unogona kugara uchiedza uye kaviri-kutarisa kusvika iwe wawana yakanyanya kunaka sarudzo, kana kurasa sezvisina basa. Iko hakuna chikonzero chekugadzira chokwadi chitsva uye kushandura zvakanyanya maonero evanhu, unogona kungogadzirisa izvo. Nekuda kweizvi, blockchain inoita seyakanyanya, uye nekudaro inovimbisa.
Mazano akaita seBitcoin akanyanya kuoma. Kana tekinoroji iri chinangwa, saka pfungwa inopindirana. Ndiko kuti, pesvedzero yaro uye kuvimbika kunokura nehuwandu hweavo vanotsigira pfungwa iyi uye vanoona zvinoreva mairi. Mari, nyika, chitendero, kodzero dzevanhu, pfungwa yekufambira mberi - izvi zvose zvinopindirana mazano uye ngano, uye zvirongwa zvakavakwa zvakavapoteredza zvine simba guru kupfuura chero teknolojia.
Mazano anogara akasimba kupfuura matekinoroji, asi kwete nguva dzose anovimbisa kupfuura iwo. Pfungwa inogona kuunzwa kuhupenyu uchishandisa akasiyana matekinoroji, isu tinongosarudza nzira. Anondiyeuchidza Nassim Taleb: "Bitcoin ichapfuura nekukwira nekudzika. Uye angakundikana. Asi tinogona kuigadzira zvakare nyore nekuti iko zvino tave kuziva kuti inoshanda sei. β
Hongu, ikozvino Bitcoin inogona kuva rudzi rweinishuwarenzi, asi handifungi kuti chero munhu angada kupinda mumamiriro ezvinhu apo munhu kumanikidzwa shandisa Bitcoin, sezvakaitika kuVenezuela. Zviri nani kana munhu vanoda shandisa. Uye iwe unofanirwa kuyedza izvi, vadikani cryptoanarchists.
Kunyangwe blockchain neBitcoin vane mabviro akafanana, vane nzira dzakasiyana dzebudiriro. Hapana chikonzero chekukakavadzana nevanotsigira kuti ndiani ari nani uye anokosha zvikuru. Zviri nani kupinza simba iroro mukugadzira zvigadziriso zvinobvumira munhu wose kukunda, kwete nemashoko chete, asi mukuita. Rugare kuvanhu vose.
Usakuvadza mabhiza
Source: www.habr.com