Kana uchitenda , 1% chete yekutanga inopona. Hatisi kuzokurukura zvikonzero zveiyi nhanho yekufa; iri harisi bhizinesi redu. Tinoda kukuudza maitiro ekuwedzera mukana wekupona kuburikidza nehunyanzvi IT zvivakwa manejimendi.
Mune chinyorwa:
- zvakajairwa kukanganisa kwekutanga muIT;
- sei inobatsira kudzivisa kukanganisa uku;
- mienzaniso inodzidzisa kubva mukuita.
Chii chakashata neIT kune yekutanga?
Zvakakosha kujekesa kuti nekutanga hatirevi chitoro chekofi kana insectarium mune imwe nzvimbo yekutengesa. Isu tiri nezve tekinoroji yekutanga - nezve avo vanoshushwa nekubudirira kweGitHub, Uber, Slack, Miro, nezvimwe.
Kutanga nguva dzose kune matambudziko akawanda anovadzivisa kubva: kubva pakudyara kusina kukwana kune imwe nzira yebhizimisi isina kugadzirwa. Nenzira imwecheteyo, zvisinganzwisisiki, ndiro dambudziko nekubudirira kwekutanga.
Kubudirira kwekutanga kwakaipa kune vanotanga vanofungidzira kugona kwavo, kunyanya zvemari nevashandi. Mushure mekuvhara nyaya dzekutanga dzakabudirira, vane tariro vakadaro vane chishuwo chekuwedzera nekukurumidza: kurenda imwe hofisi, kuunganidza vatengesi vatsva nevagadziri kuchikwata, uye panguva imwechete kuyera backend (uye ine margin). Apa ndipo panobuda dambudziko #1 pakarepo.
Vanhu vari mukutanga vanoita zvinhu zvavasingazivi kuti voita sei.
Uye ivo havaite izvo zvinodiwa kuti ugadzire kutanga. Rega nditsanangure.
Kutanga kwese kunofanirwa kuve neanosvika mabasa matatu:
- IT nyanzvi (kana tekinoroji);
- mutengesi (kana mutengesi);
- muoni (kana muzvinabhizimusi uyo anowanzo ari investor).
Kazhinji mabasa aya anosanganiswa. Semuenzaniso, kutanga inyanzvi yeIT iyo, nekuwedzera, inomanikidzwa kutengesa. Haana kumbotengesa uye anozviita nepaanogona napo. Kutanga kwakadaro imhando yeakaipa muchinjika-inoshanda timu.
Asi ngatiti kutanga kune rombo rakanaka: kune mumwe munhu wekutengesa, uye nyanzvi yeIT iri kutarisira bhizinesi rake. Nekudaro, kashoma kuti nyanzvi yeIT isanganise zvikwaniriso zvakasiyana: mugadziri, muongorori, maneja, injinjiniya yekuvaka. Uye kunyange kana ichibatanidza, hazvibviri kuva zvakanaka zvakaenzana. Anogona kunzwisisa middleware, asi kwete zvakanyanya nemasevhisi emakore uye virtualization software.
Kana iyo backend ichiwedzera, mutoro uri paIT nyanzvi unowedzera. Chimwe chinhu chinotanga "kudonha". Chinhu chakanyanya kuoma ndechekuti iyi inzvimbo yakakosha yekutanga, sekusimudzira chigadzirwa. Uye zvino munhu anofanira kushanda ovhataimu, uye dzimwe nguva masikati.
Kuremerwa nekuda kwekushaikwa kwevanhu uye zvikwaniriso chimiro chevazhinji kutanga, mhedzisiro yekuti vanhu vari kuita zvisirizvo.
Masevhisi ese anoiswa pamushini mumwe chete chaiwo
Kutanga kazhinji, zvichibva pamazano avo pamusoro pekuchengetedza, nzvimbo dzekusimudzira nzvimbo, dhatabhesi, webhu server, kutarisa, zvichingodaro pane imwe VM. Pakutanga, bhizinesi rese iri rinoshanda zvakanyanya kana zvishoma kushivirira. Matambudziko anotanga paunoda kuyera.
Kutanga kunowanzo kukwira kumusoro. Ndiko kuti, ivo vanongowedzera nhamba yeCPUs, chiyero che RAM, disks, nezvimwewo - iyi ndiyo classic monolithic nzira, iyo yakaipa mhedzisiro iyo pane imwe nguva inova isingachinjiki. Kana kambani yechidiki ikakura, pane imwe nhanho mutengo wekuwedzera zviwanikwa unosvetuka kusvika padanho risingadhurike. Muchiitiko ichi, pane nzira imwe chete yekukwiridzira zvivakwa: batanidza zvakare.
Iyo IT inotungamirirwa sei inobatsira
Kune rudzi urwu rweprojekiti isu tine yakachengetedzwa masevhisi kirasi sevhisi - .
Mutengi anogamuchira kubva mubhokisi:
- kugadzirira nzvimbo dzinodiwa dzebasa: dev, bvunzo, prod;
- yakagadziriswa CI/CD maitiro;
- maturusi akagadzirirwa ebasa rechikwata: ma trackers ebasa, shanduro yekudzora masisitimu, kutumira, kuyedzwa, nezvimwe.
Padanho rezvivakwa uye maturusi, ese ekutanga anoda zvakangofanana zvinhu. Kana iwe uchienzanisa musika wekutengesa nemugodhi wegoridhe, Managed Services Provider (MSP) inopa zvitsva, zvemhando yepamusoro maturusi: mapiki nengoro dzisingatyoke, mepu dzisinganyepe. Mutsvaki anongofanira kusarudza nzvimbo yekuchera.
Pros yeakagadziriswa IT
Managed IT ibasa rakazara rinovhara akati wandei anosungirwa zvinodiwa.
- Pakutanga, isu tinopa izvo zvinodiwa uye zvakagadziridzwa zviwanikwa zvebasa, kukura uye kuyedza hypotheses.
- Tinogona kutaura chaizvo kuti mutengo uchawedzera sei pakuyera, nekuti isu tinoziva kuti kiyi metric ndiko kuchinjika kwehupfumi hwekutanga.
- Isu tinopa mazano ekuchengetedza ekutanga huwandu hwakakosha hwemaawa emunhu. Isu tinogona zvakare kubatsira nekuverenga kweiyo unit economics yeprojekiti.
- Isu tinogovana maitiro akanakisa emusika. Vanhu vari paITGLOBAL.COM vakashanda nevakawanda vekutanga. Mazhinji ekutanga aya ari pamwedzi wega wega. Izvi zvinotibvumira kuunganidza pamwe chete yakanakisa (uye yakaipisisa) mienzaniso uye kugovana zviitiko zvedu nevatengi.
Mhosva mbiri kubva pakuita
Zvinoenderana neNDA, hatigone kudoma makambani chaiwo, asi chiyero uye chigadzirwa, hongu.
Sphere: fintech/retail
Chigadzirwa: pamusika
Matambudziko:
- Pakanga pasina kuyedzwa muCI / CD cheni. Kuwedzera vaedzi vari kure kwakangoita kuti maitiro ekuvaka ave akaomarara.
- Vagadziri vakashanda panguva imwe chete pane imwe dev server isina yakatsaurirwa nharaunda mumidziyo.
- 70% yenguva yevagadziri yakashandiswa pane zvakafanana zviito kubva pakusunungurwa kusvika pakusunungurwa. Speed ββyebudiriro yaifamba zvishoma.
- Izvo zvivakwa zvakaiswa pane yakaderera-inodhura kambani yekugamuchira muGermany (kureva, hapana kumhanya, hapana kuvimbika).
Izvi, nenzira, zvinoonekwa mune yega yega chirongwa chekutanga.
Mhinduro inotungamirwa DevOps: takaita CI/CD maitiro, kuseta kwakaringana kuyedzwa nekutarisa, kupindira mukusimudzira padanho rebhizinesi, uye kuendesa zvivakwa kumaseva anogadzira muTier III data center.
Mhinduro:
- kubudirira kwebudiriro kwakawedzera: zvinhu zvitsva uye zvigadziriso zvakatanga kubuda nekukurumidza nekushanda kushoma;
- somugumisiro, mari yegadziriro yebudiriro yose yakaderera;
- zvivakwa zvave kuchinjika: mutengi anogona kukurumidza kukwira kumusoro uye pasi;
- mari yeDevOps inotungamirwa, maererano nemutengi, yakabhadharwa mukati memwedzi mitanhatu.
Sphere: web advertising
Chigadzirwa: AI chikuva che automating kushambadzira mishandirapamwe
Matambudziko:
- backend pane yekare hardware, munzvimbo yedata ine yakaderera mwero wekushivirira kukanganisa;
- kushayikwa kwenguva dzose backups;
- monolithic infrastructure.
Mhinduro yakagadziriswa IT: takatamisa zvivakwa kune yepamusoro-yekupedzisira Hardware, takagadzira iyo Galera cluster yekuyera yakatwasuka, yakaratidza kuti mutoro paVM waizogovaniswa sei, kumisikidza backups uye kuongorora. Iye zvino, pamusoro pekugadzirisa, isu tinoshingaira kubvunza, kusanganisira paDevOps.
Mhinduro:
- zvivakwa zvave microservice: mutengo wekuwedzera wakaderera zvakanyanya, uye kugona kuyera, pamutengo mumwe chete, kwakawedzera;
- kuvimbika uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvivakwa kwakawedzera;
- vagadziri vakachinja kubva kune cascade kuvaka modhi kuenda kuCI / CD, iyo yakabatsira kuderedza mutengo;
- Mabhenefiti emari eiyo inotungamirwa IT, sekureva kwemutengi, akabva angove pachena.
mhedziso
Kupona kwekutanga kunoenderana zvakanyanya nerombo. Imwe yekutanga inogona kushandisa mari pamidziyo inodhura uye kuwana chinhu kubva mairi. Imwe ichabudirira kunyangwe iine lousy IT infrastructure - sezvinoita mucheri wegoridhe anowana mugodhi wegoridhe une pickaxe yekare.
Nekudaro, maturusi emazuva ano, maitiro uye vashandi vehunyanzvi vanopihwa naManaged IT mupi vanoderedza zvakanyanya mukana wekutadza.
Source: www.habr.com