Mazhinji macomputer makuru anomhanyisa Linux - ngatikurukurei mamiriro acho

Kubva muna 2018, mazana mashanu epasirese-anonyanya kuita masisitimu anomhanya paLinux. Isu tinokurukura zvikonzero zvemamiriro ezvinhu aripo uye tinopa mazano enyanzvi.

--Ото - rawpixel —PD

Mamiriro emusika

Parizvino, Linux iri kurasikirwa kune mamwe masisitimu anoshanda mukurwira musika wePC. By kupihwa Statista, Linux yakaiswa pamakomputa chete 1,65%, nepo 77% yevashandisi vanoshanda neMicrosoft's OS.

Zvinhu zviri nani mugore uye IaaS nharaunda, kunyangwe Windows inoramba iri mutungamiri pano zvakare. Somuenzaniso, iyi OS anoshandisa 45% yevatengi ve1cloud.ru, nepo 44% vachifarira kugoverwa kweLinux.

Asi kana tikataura nezve yakakwirira-inoshanda komputa, saka Linux ndiye akajeka mutungamiri. Maererano nechangobva kuitika chirevo portal Top500 ipurojekiti iri pakati peiyo ine simba kwazvo komputa kumisikidzwa munyika - supercomputers kubva pamusoro 500 rondedzero yakavakirwa paLinux.

Pamushini weSummit (nhamba yekutanga pane rondedzero panguva yekunyora), iyo yakagadzirwa neIBM, Red Hat Enterprise yakaiswa. The same system anotonga yechipiri yakanyanya simba komputa iSierra, uye yekuChina yekuisa TaihuLight iri kushanda paSunway Simudza OS yakavakirwa paLinux.

Zvikonzero zvekupararira kweLinux

Kubudirira. Iyo Linux kernel ndeye monolithic uye zvitoro Iyo ine zvese zvinodikanwa zvinongedzo - vatyairi, basa scheduler, faira system. Panguva imwecheteyo, masevhisi e kernel anoitwa munzvimbo ye kernel kero, iyo inovandudza kuita kwese. Linux zvakare ine zvakati wandei zvinodiwa zvehardware. Kumwe kugoverwa dziri kushanda pamidziyo ine 128 MB yekuyeuka. Icho chokwadi chekuti Linux michina inobereka zvakanyanya kupfuura Windows makore mashoma apfuura akazivikanwa kunyange imwe yevagadziri veMicrosoft. Pakati pezvikonzero, akasimbisa kuwedzera kwekuvandudza kwakanangana nekugadzirisa iyo kodhi base.

Kuvhura. Supercomputers muma70 nema80s ainyanya kuvakwa pakutengesa UNIX-based kugovera, senge. UNICOS kubva kuCray. Makunivhesiti uye marabhoritari ekutsvagisa vakamanikidzwa kubhadhara mibairo mikuru kune vanyori veOS, izvo zvakakanganisa zvakanyanya mutengo wekupedzisira wemakomputa anoshanda-akasvika kumamiriyoni emadhora. Kubuda kweiyo yakavhurika sisitimu yekushandisa kwakaderedza zvakanyanya mutengo wesoftware. Muna 1998 yakaratidzwa iyo yekutanga supercomputer yakavakirwa paLinux - Avalon Cluster. Yakaunganidzwa paLos Alamos National Laboratory muU.SA ne152 zviuru zvemadhora chete.

Muchina uyu waive nekuita kwe19,3 gigaflops uye wakatora nzvimbo ye314 pamusoro penyika. Pakutanga kuona, ichi chiitiko chidiki, asi mutengo / chiyero chekuita chakakwezva vanogadzira macomputer. Mumakore maviri chete, Linux yakakwanisa kutora 10% yemusika.

Customization. Imwe neimwe supercomputer ine yakasarudzika IT masisitimu. Kuvhurika kweLinux kunopa mainjiniya kuchinjika kwavanoda kuti vashandure uye nekugonesa kuita. Administrator Eddie Epstein, uyo akabatsira kugadzira iyo Watson supercomputer, akadanwa kukwanisa uye kureruka kwekutungamira ndizvo zvikonzero zvikuru zvekusarudza SUSE Linux.

Supercomputers munguva pfupi iri kutevera

IBM's 148-petaflop Summit computing system yanga iripo kwemakore akati wandei ikozvino. akabata nzvimbo yekutanga muTop500. Asi muna 2021, mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kuchinja - akati wandei exascale supercomputers achapinda mumusika kamwechete.

--Ото - OLCF paORNL — CC BY

Imwe yacho iri kuvandudzwa neUS Department of Energy (DOE) pamwe chete nenyanzvi kubva kuCray. Simba rawo achatumira kuongorora nzvimbo uye zvinokonzerwa nekupisa kwepasi, kutsvaga mishonga yekurapa kenza uye zvinhu zvitsva kune solar panel. Zvave kutozivikanwa kuti supercomputer ichatungamirirwa Cray Linux Environment OS - Yakavakirwa paSUSE Linux Enterprise.

China icharatidzawo exacale yepamusoro-inoshanda muchina. Ichadaidzwa kuti Tianhe-3 uye ichashandiswa mukugadzira majini uye kugadzirwa kwezvinodhaka. Iyo supercomputer ichafanirwa kuisa Kylin Linux, iyo yakatoshandiswa kune yakatangira - tianhe-2.

Nokudaro, tinogona kutarisira kuti mamiriro ezvinhu achaenderera mberi mumakore mashomanana anotevera, uye Linux icharamba ichisimbisa hutungamiri hwayo mu niche yemakomputa ane simba zvikuru.

Isu pa1cloud tinopa sevhisi "Private cloud". Nerubatsiro rwayo, unogona kukurumidza kutumira iyo IT masisitimu emapurojekiti echero kuoma.
Gore redu yakavakwa nesimbi Cisco, Dell, NetApp. Iyo midziyo iri munzvimbo dzakawanda dze data: Moscow DataSpace, St. Petersburg SDN / Xelent uye Almaty Ahost.

Source: www.habr.com