Kune akawanda mabasa, kunonoka pakati pemutengi neseva kwakakosha, semuenzaniso mumitambo yepamhepo, vhidhiyo / musangano wezwi, IP telephony, VPN, nezvimwe. Kana sevha iri kure zvakanyanya nemutengi pa IP network level, ipapo kunonoka (kunowanzonzi "ping", "lag") kuchakanganisa basa.
Geographic proximity ye server haigari yakaenzana padyo pa IP routing level. Saka, semuenzaniso, sevha mune imwe nyika inogona kunge iri "pedyo" newe kupfuura sevha muguta rako. Zvese nekuda kwezvakasiyana zve routing uye network kuvaka.
Ungasarudza sei sevha iri padyo sezvinobvira kune vese vangangove vatengi? Chii chinonzi IP network yekubatanidza? Nzira yekutungamira mutengi kune server iri pedyo? Ngationei munyaya yacho.
Kuyera kunonoka
Kutanga, ngatidzidzei kuyera kunonoka. Iri basa harisi nyore sezvaringaite nekuti kunonoka kunogona kusiyana kune akasiyana maprotocol uye saizi yepakiti. Iwe unogona zvakare kupotsa zviitiko zvenguva pfupi, senge dips inogara mashoma milliseconds.
ICMP - yenguva dzose ping
Isu tichashandisa iyo Unix ping utility; inokutendera iwe kuti uise nemaoko nguva dzepakati pekutumira mapaketi, iyo iyo ping vhezheni yeWindows haigone kuita. Izvi zvakakosha nekuti kana paine kumira kwenguva refu pakati pemapaketi, unogona kungotadza kuona zviri kuitika pakati pawo.
Saizi yepakeji (sarudzo -s) - nekusarudzika, iyo ping utility inotumira mapaketi e64 bytes muhukuru. Nemapaketi madiki akadai, zviitiko zvinoitika nemapaketi akakura zvinogona kunge zvisingaonekwe, saka isu tichaisa saizi yepakiti ku1300 bytes.
Kupindirana pakati pemapaketi (sarudzo -i) - nguva pakati pekutumira data. Nekutadza, mapaketi anotumirwa kamwechete pasekondi, iyi yakareba kwazvo, mapurogiramu chaiwo anotumira mazana nezviuru zvemapaketi pasekondi, saka isu tichaisa iyo nguva kusvika 0.1 sekondi. Iyo purogiramu haibvumiri zvishoma.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, murairo unotaridzika seizvi:
ping -s 1300 -i 0.1 yandex.ru
Iyi dhizaini inobvumidza iwe kuti uone imwe yechokwadi mufananidzo wekunonoka.
Ping kuburikidza neUDP uye TCP
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kushamwaridzana kweTCP kunoshandiswa zvakasiyana pane ICMP packets, uye nekuda kweizvi, zviyero zvinogona kusiyana zvichienderana neprotocol. Zvinowanzoitikawo kuti muenzi wacho haapindure kuICMP, uye ping yenguva dzose haishande. Izvi ndizvo zvinoitwa nemuenzi kweupenyu hwake hwese, semuenzaniso. microsoft.com.
Zvinobatsira kubva kuvagadziri veiyo yakakurumbira scanner nmap inogona kugadzira chero mapaketi. Inogonawo kushandiswa kuyera kunonoka.
Sezvo UDP neTCP dzichishanda pane chaiyo, isu tinofanirwa "ping" imwe chiteshi. Ngatiedzei ping TCP 80, kureva, webhu server port:
$ sudo nping --tcp -p 80 --delay 0.1 -c 0 microsoft.com
Starting Nping 0.7.80 ( https://nmap.org/nping ) at 2020-04-30 13:07 MSK
SENT (0.0078s) TCP 10.0.0.1:63236 > 13.77.161.179:80 S ttl=64 id=49156 iplen=40 seq=3401731188 win=1480
SENT (0.1099s) TCP 10.0.0.1:63236 > 13.77.161.179:80 S ttl=64 id=49156 iplen=40 seq=3401731188 win=1480
RCVD (0.2068s) TCP 13.77.161.179:80 > 10.0.0.1:63236 SA ttl=43 id=0 iplen=44 seq=1480267007 win=64240 <mss 1440>
SENT (0.2107s) TCP 10.0.0.1:63236 > 13.77.161.179:80 S ttl=64 id=49156 iplen=40 seq=3401731188 win=1480
RCVD (0.3046s) TCP 13.77.161.179:80 > 10.0.0.1:63236 SA ttl=43 id=0 iplen=44 seq=1480267007 win=64240 <mss 1440>
SENT (0.3122s) TCP 10.0.0.1:63236 > 13.77.161.179:80 S ttl=64 id=49156 iplen=40 seq=3401731188 win=1480
RCVD (0.4247s) TCP 13.77.161.179:80 > 10.0.0.1:63236 SA ttl=42 id=0 iplen=44 seq=2876862274 win=64240 <mss 1398>
Max rtt: 112.572ms | Min rtt: 93.866ms | Avg rtt: 101.093ms
Raw packets sent: 4 (160B) | Rcvd: 3 (132B) | Lost: 1 (25.00%)
Nping done: 1 IP address pinged in 0.43 seconds
By default, nping inotumira 4 mapaketi uye inomira. Option -c 0 inogonesa kutumira kusingaperi kwemapaketi; kumisa chirongwa, unofanirwa kudzvanya Ctrl + C. Nhamba dzicharatidzwa pakupedzisira. Isu tinoona kuti avhareji rtt (nguva yekutenderera-nguva) kukosha ndeye 101ms.
MTR - traceroute pane steroids
Purogiramu Yangu Traceroute chishandiso chepamberi chekutevera nzira kune iri kure muenzi. Kusiyana neyakajairwa system utility traceroute (muWindows iyi ndiyo tracert utility), inogona kuratidza kunonoka kune yega yega muiti wepacket ketani. Inogona zvakare kutsvaga nzira kwete chete neICMP, asiwo kuburikidza neUDP neTCP.
$ sudo mtr microsoft.com
(Inodzvanya) MTR chirongwa chekushandisa. Kutsvaga nzira kuenda kuMicrosoft.com kwakatanga
MTR inokurumidza kuratidza iyo ping kune yega yega mucheni, uye iyo data inogara ichivandudzwa apo chirongwa chiri kushanda uye shanduko yenguva pfupi inogona kuoneka.
Iyo skrini inoratidza kuti node # 6 ine kurasikirwa kwepakiti, asi chokwadi ichi hachisi chokwadi zvachose, nekuti mamwe marouters anogona kungorasa mapaketi ane yakapera TTL uye kusadzosera mhinduro yekukanganisa, saka data rekurasikirwa kwepaketi rinogona kufuratirwa pano.
WiFi vs tambo
Ichi chinyorwa hachina kukodzera zvachose kune chinyorwa, asi mumaonero angu chinonyanya kukosha mumamiriro ekunonoka. Ini ndinoda chaizvo WiFi, asi kana ndikawana mukana mudiki wekubatanidza kuInternet netambo, ndichaishandisa. Iniwo ndinogara ndichikurudzira vanhu kushandisa WiFi kamera.
Kana iwe uchitamba zvakakomba zvekupfura pamhepo, vhidhiyo yekuyerera, kana kutengeserana pastock exchange: ndapota shandisa iyo Internet kuburikidza netambo.
Heino bvunzo yekuona yekuenzanisa WiFi netambo dzekubatanidza. Iyi ping kuWiFi router, kureva kuti, kwete kunyange iyo Internet.
(Inodzvanya) Kuenzanisa kweping kune WiFi router kuburikidza netambo uye kuburikidza neWiFi
Zvinogona kuoneka kuti pamusoro peWiFi kunonoka kwakareba 1ms uye dzimwe nguva kune mapaketi ane kunonoka zvakapetwa kagumi! Uye iyi inguva pfupi chete. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo router inogadzira kunonoka kwakagadzikana kwe <1ms.
Mumuenzaniso uri pamusoro, WiFi 802.11n pa 2.4GHz inoshandiswa, chete laptop nefoni zvakabatanidzwa kune WiFi access point. Dai kwaive nevatengi vakawanda panzvimbo yekuwana, zvigumisiro zvingave zvakanyanya kuipa. Ichi ndicho chikonzero ini ndichipesana nekuchinja ese ehofisi makomputa kuWiFi kana zvichikwanisika kusvika kwavari netambo.
IP yekubatanidza
Saka, isu takadzidza kuyera kunonoka kune server, ngatiedzei kutsvaga iyo iri padyo server kwatiri. Kuti tiite izvi, tinogona kutarisa kuti nzira yemupi wedu inoshanda sei. Zviri nyore kushandisa sevhisi kune izvi
Patinosvika pasaiti, tinoona kuti IP kero yedu ndeye autonomous system .
Nekutarisa iyo yekubatanidza girafu yeanozvitonga masisitimu, isu tinogona kuona kuburikidza neapi epamusoro-level vanopa mupi wedu akabatana nepasirese. Imwe neimwe yemadotsi inodzvanywa, unogona kupinda mukati uye kuverenga kuti imhando ipi yemupi.
Yekubatanidza girafu yeanopa anozvimiririra masisitimu
Uchishandisa chishandiso ichi, unogona kudzidza kuti machani echero mupi, kusanganisira yekutambira, akaumbwa sei. Ona kuti ndevapi vanopa iyo yakabatana nayo zvakananga. Kuti uite izvi, unofanirwa kuisa IP kero ye server mukutsvaga bgp.he.net uye tarisa girafu yeayo autonomous system. Iwe unogona zvakare kunzwisisa kuti imwe data data kana yekutambira mupi yakabatana sei kune imwe.
Mazhinji mapoinzi ekutsinhana kwemigwagwa anopa chishandiso chakakosha chinodaidzwa kuti girazi rekutarisa, iro rinokutendera kuti utore uye traceroute kubva kune chaiyo router panzvimbo yekutsinhana.
Semuyenzaniso, kubva kuMGTS
Saka, pakusarudza sevha, isu tinogona kuona pachine nguva kuti ichataridzika sei kubva kune akasiyana traffic traffic point. Uye kana vatengi vedu vangave vari mune imwe nzvimbo yenzvimbo, tinogona kuwana iyo yakakwana nzvimbo yeserver.
Sarudza server iri pedyo
Isu takasarudza kurerutsa maitiro ekutsvaga iyo yakakwana sevha yevatengi vedu uye takagadzira peji ine otomatiki kuyedzwa kwenzvimbo dziri pedyo: .
Paunoshanyira peji, script inoyera kunonoka kubva kubrowser yako kuenda kune yega server uye inoaratidza pamepu inopindirana. Paunodzvanya pane data center, ruzivo rune bvunzo mhinduro runoratidzwa.
Bhatani rinokuendesa kune latency test peji kune ese edu data centers. Kuti uone mhinduro dzebvunzo, tinya pane data center point pamepu
Source: www.habr.com