Musi wa5 Kukadzi wegore rino, chiyero chitsva che10-Mbit Ethernet chakabvumidzwa. Hongu, unoverenga izvo chaizvo: gumi megabits pasekondi.
Neiko kukurumidza βkudukuβ kwakadaro kuchidikanwa muzana rino ramakore rechi 21? Kutsiva iyo zoo yakavanzwa pasi pezita rine simba "bhazi remumunda" - Profibus, Modbus, CC-Link, CAN, FlexRay, HART, nezvimwe. Kune akawanda kwazvo, haaenderani kune mumwe nemumwe uye anonetsa kugadzirisa. Asi iwe unongoda kubaya tambo mune switch, uye ndizvozvo. Zvakafanana neyakajairwa Ethernet.
Uye nokukurumidza zvichabvira! Sangana: "802.3cg-2019 - IEEE Standard yeEthernet - Amendment 5: Physical Layer Specifications uye Management Parameters ye10 Mb/s Operation uye Associated Power Delivery pamusoro peSingle Balanced Pair of Conductor."
Chii chinonakidza neiyi Ethernet nyowani? Chokutanga pane zvose, inoshanda pane imwe yakamonyoroka peya, uye kwete kupfuura ina. Nokudaro, ine zvishoma zvinobatanidza uye tambo dzakatetepa. Uye iwe unogona kushandisa yakatoiswa yakamonyoroka pair tambo kuenda kune sensors uye actuators.
Iwe unogona kupokana kuti Ethernet inoshanda kusvika ku100 metres, asi ma sensors ari kure zvakanyanya. Chokwadi, iyi yaimbova dambudziko. Asi 802.3cg inoshanda kure kure kusvika 1 km! Peya imwe panguva! Kusaipa?
Muchokwadi, zvirinani: simba rinogona zvakare kupihwa kuburikidza neaya maviri maviri. Ndipo patichatangira.
IEEE 802.3bu Simba pamusoro peData Lines (PoDL)
Ini ndinofunga vazhinji venyu vakanzwa nezve PoE (Simba pamusoro peEthernet) uye munoziva kuti 2 peya dzewaya dzinodiwa kufambisa simba. Simba rekupinda/kubuda rinoitwa panzvimbo dzepakati dzevashanduri vepeya imwe neimwe. Izvi hazvigone kuitwa uchishandisa peya imwe. Naizvozvo, taifanira kuzviita nenzira yakasiyana. Izvo chaizvo zvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pasi apa. Semuenzaniso, classic PoE yakawedzerwawo.
ΠΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ:
PSE - magetsi ekutsvaga midziyo (simba rekupa)
PD - powered mudziyo (kure-kumagumo mudziyo unodya magetsi)
Pakutanga, 802.3bu yaive nemakirasi gumi emagetsi:
Matatu akajairwa gradations emagetsi sosi anosimbiswa muruvara: 12, 24 uye 48V.
Ngano:
Vpse - magetsi emagetsi, V
Vpd min - shoma voltage paPD, V
I max - yakanyanya ikozvino mumutsara, A
Ppd max - yakanyanya kushandisa simba PD, W
Nekuuya kwe802.3cg protocol, 6 mamwe makirasi akawedzerwa:
Ehe, nekusiyana kwakadai, iyo PSE nePD inofanirwa kubvumirana pane kirasi yemagetsi isati yaisa yakazara voltage. Izvi zvinoitwa uchishandisa SCCP (Serial Communications Classification Protocol). Iyi i-low-speed protocol (333 bps) inobva pa1-Waya. Inongoshanda chete kana simba guru risina kupiwa kumutsara (kusanganisira muhope mode).
Iyo block dhizaini inoratidza kuti simba rinopihwa sei:
- ikozvino ye10mA inopihwa uye kuvepo kwe4V zener diode kumagumo kunotariswa.
- kirasi yesimba inobvumirana
- simba guru rinopiwa
- kana iyo yekushandisa yadonha pazasi 10mA, yekurara modhi inogadziriswa (kupa yekumira kwesimba 3.3V)
- kana kushandiswa kuchipfuura 1mA, nzira yekurara inobuda
Hapana chikonzero chekubvumirana pamusoro peboka rezvokudya kana richizivikanwa kare. Iyi sarudzo inonzi Fast Startup Mode. Inoshandiswa, semuenzaniso, mumotokari, nokuti hapana chikonzero chekuchinja kugadzirisa kwemidziyo yakabatana.
Ose ari maviri PSE nePD anogona kutanga nzira yekurara.
Zvino ngatienderere mberi kune tsananguro yekuendesa data. Izvo zvakare zvinonakidza ipapo: chiyero chinotsanangura maviri ekushandisa modes - kureba-refu uye kune mapfupi madaro.
10BASE-T1L
Iyi inguva yakareba yekusvika sarudzo. Hunhu hwakanyanya ndeiyi:
- kureba - kusvika 1 km
- conductors 18AWG (0.8mm2)
- anosvika gumi epakati ma-connector (uye maviri materminal connectors)
- point-to-point operating mode
- duplex yakazara
- chiratidzo chiyero 7.5 Mbaudhi
- PAM-3 modulation, 4B3T encoding
- chiratidzo chine amplitude 1V (1Vpp) kana 2.4V
- Energy Inoshanda Ethernet ("kunyarara / kuzorodza" EEE) rutsigiro
Zviripachena, iyi sarudzo inoitirwa maindasitiri ekushandisa, yekuwana yekudzora masisitimu, kuvaka otomatiki, elevator. Zvekudzora machiller, air conditioners, uye mafeni ari pamatenga edzimba. Kana kupisa boilers nemapombi ari mumakamuri ehunyanzvi. Ndokunge, kune akawanda akasiyana maapplication kunze kweindasitiri. Tisingatauri nezveInternet yezvinhu (IoT).
Zvakakodzera kutaura kuti 10BASE-T1 ingori imwe chete yeSingle Pair Ethernet (SPE) zviyero. Kune zvakare 100BASE-T1 (802.3bw) uye 1000BASE-T1 (802.3bp). Ichokwadi, ivo vakagadzirirwa kushandiswa kwemotokari, saka mutsara uripo chete 15 (UTP) kana 40 mamita (STP). Nekudaro, zvirongwa zvinotosanganisira refu-renji 100BASE-T1L. Saka mune ramangwana vanozowedzera auto-kutaurirana kwekumhanya.
Zvichakadaro, kurongeka hakushandiswe - "kukurumidza kutanga" kweiyo interface kunoziviswa: isingasviki 100ms kubva kune magetsi kusvika pakutanga kwekuchinjana data.
Imwe sarudzo (inosarudzika) ndeyekuwedzera kutapurirana amplitude kubva 1 kusvika 2.4V kuvandudza chiratidzo-kune-ruzha reshiyo, kuderedza huwandu hwekukanganisa, uye kurwisa kupindira kwemaindasitiri.
Uye, chokwadi, EEE. Iyi inzira yekuchengetedza magetsi nekudzima transmitter kana pasina data yekufambisa panguva ino. Mufananidzo unoratidza kuti izvi zvinotaridzika sei:
Hapana dhata - tinotumira meseji "ndaenda kunorara" uye tobvisa. Dzimwe nguva tinomuka totumira meseji "Ndichiri pano." Kana data yaonekwa, divi rakapesana rinonyeverwa "Ndiri kumuka" uye kutapurirana kunotanga. Ndiko kuti, vanogamuchira chete ndivo vanogara vachishanda.
Zvino ngationei kuti chii chavakauya nacho neshanduro yechipiri yechiyero.
10BASE-T1S
Kubva kare kubva mutsamba yekupedzisira zviri pachena kuti iyi iprotocol yezvinhambwe zvishoma. Asi nei ichidikanwa kana T1L ichishanda munzvimbo pfupi? Kuverenga maitiro:
- kureba kusvika ku15m mupoint-to-point mode
- duplex kana hafu duplex
- ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ 24-26AWG (0.2-0.13ΠΌΠΌ2)
- chiratidzo chiyero 12.5 Mbaudhi
- DME, kukodha 4B5B
- chiratidzo chine amplitude 1V (1Vpp)
- anosvika mana epakati anobatanidza (uye maviri materminal connectors)
- hapana rutsigiro rweEEE
Zvinoita sepasina chinhu chakakosha. Saka ndeyei? Asi kune izvi:
- kureba kusvika ku25m mune multipoint mode (kusvika 8 mapfundo)
Uye izvi:
- maitiro ekushanda ane kudhumhana kudzivirira PLCA RS (PHY-Level Collision Avoidance Reconciliation Sublayer)
Uye izvi zvinonyanya kunakidza, handizvo here? Nokuti inobatsira zvakanyanya kuderedza huwandu hwewaya mumakabati ekudzora, michina, marobhoti, uye mota. Uye pane zvatove zvikumbiro zvekuishandisa sekutsiva I2C mumaseva, switch uye mamwe magetsi.
Asi multipoint mode ine zvipingamupinyi zvayo. Iyo huru ndeye yakagovaniswa data transmission medium. Ehe, kudhumhana kunogadziriswa uchishandisa CSMA/CD. Asi hazvizivikanwe kuti kunonoka kuchavei. Uye kune mamwe maapplication izvi zvakakosha. Naizvozvo, mune chiyero chitsva, multipoint yakawedzerwa neyakakosha PLCA RS modhi (ona chikamu chinotevera).
Yechipiri dhizaini ndeyekuti PoDL haishande mumultipoint. Ndiko kuti, simba richafanirwa kupihwa kuburikidza netambo yakaparadzana kana kutorwa pane imwe nzvimbo panzvimbo.
Nekudaro, mune point-to-point mode, PoDL inoshandawo paT1S.
PLCA RS
Iyi modhi inoshanda sezvinotevera:
- node dzinogovera zviziviso pakati pavo, iyo node ine ID = 0 inova murongi
- murongi anoburitsa chiratidzo cheBEACON kunetiweki, zvichiratidza kutanga kwekutenderera kutsva uye kutumira data packet.
- mushure mekutumira data packet, mutsara wekutumira unoenda kune inotevera node
- kana node isati yatanga kutumira mukati menguva inodiwa kuendesa 20 bits, mutsara unoenda kune inotevera node.
- kana node dzese dzatumira data (kana kusvetuka chijana chavo), murongi anotanga kutenderera kutsva
Kazhinji inofanana neTDMA. Asi neiyo peculiarity iyo node haishandisi nguva yayo kana isina chekufambisa. Uye iyo furemu saizi haina kunyatso kutsanangurwa, nekuti ... zvinoenderana nehukuru hwepaketi yedata inofambiswa nenode. Uye zvese zvinomhanya pamusoro peyakajairwa 802.3 Ethernet mafuremu (PLCA RS inosarudzika, saka panofanirwa kuve nekuenderana).
Mhedzisiro yekushandisa PLCA inoratidzwa pazasi mumagirafu. Yekutanga ndiyo inonotsa zvichienderana nekuremerwa, yechipiri ndiyo inobuda zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekutumira nodes. Zvinonyatso kuoneka kuti kunonoka kwave kunyanya kufanotaura. Uye mune yakaipisisa kesi ndeye 2 mirairo yehukuru yakaderera pane yakaipisisa kesi CSMA/CD:
Uye huwandu hwechiteshi mune iyo PLCA yakakwira, nekuti haina kupedzwa mukugadzirisa kukonana:
Maunganikidzi
Pakutanga, isu takasarudza kubva ku6 nzira dzekubatanidza dzinopihwa nemakambani akasiyana. Nekuda kweizvozvo, takagadzirisa pane idzi sarudzo mbiri:
Kune akajairika mamiriro ekushanda, CommScope's IEC 63171-1 LC yekubatanidza yakasarudzwa.
Kune nharaunda dzakaomarara - iyo IEC 63171-6 (yaimbova 61076-3-125) yekubatanidza mhuri kubva kuHARTING. Aya makubatanidza akagadzirirwa madhigirii ekudzivirira kubva IP20 kusvika IP67.
Ehe, zvibatanidza uye tambo zvinogona kuve UTP kana STP.
ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΅
Iwe unogona kushandisa yenguva dzose mana-peya Ethernet tambo, uchishandisa imwe neimwe peya kune yakaparadzana SPE chiteshi. Kuti usadhonza tambo ina dzakaparadzana pane imwe nzvimbo kure. Kana shandisa tambo-peya imwe, uye isa imwe-peya Ethernet switch kumagumo.
Kana kuti iwe unogona kubatanidza switch iyi zvakananga kune network yenzvimbo yebhizinesi, kana network yatotambanudzirwa kure kure kuburikidza nefiber optics. Namira masensa imomo, uye uverenge kuverenga kubva kwavari pano. Yakananga pane network. Pasina interface converters uye magedhi.
Uye izvi hazvifanirwe kunge zviri masensa. Panogona kunge paine makamera evhidhiyo, maintercom kana magirobhu akangwara. Madhiraivha emamwe mavharuvhu kana anotendeuka pamisuwo.
Saka tarisiro dziri kuvhura dzinonakidza. Hazvigoneke, hongu, kuti SPE ichatsiva ese emumunda mabhazi. Asi achatora chikamu chakanaka kubva kwavari. Zvechokwadi mumotokari.
PS handina kuwana zvinyorwa zveiyo standard munzvimbo yeruzhinji. Ruzivo rwuri pamusoro rwakaunganidzwa chidimbu nechidimbu kubva kumharidzo dzakasiyana siyana uye zvinhu zviripo paInternet. Saka panogona kunge paine zvisiri izvo mariri.
Source: www.habr.com