Munguva pfupi yapfuura, michina inotsigira Wi-Fi 6 (IEEE 802.11ax) tekinoroji, iyo iri kutaurwa nezvayo yakawanda, ichangobva kupinda mumusika. Asi vashoma vanhu vanoziva kuti kuvandudzwa kwechizvarwa chitsva cheWi-Fi tekinoroji kwatove kuenderera mberi - Wi-Fi 7 (IEEE 802.11be). Tsvaga kuti Wi-Fi 7 ichave yakaita sei mune ino chinyorwa.
prehistory
MunaGunyana 2020, tichapemberera makore makumi matatu echirongwa cheIEEE 30, icho chakanganisa hupenyu hwedu zvakanyanya. Parizvino, tekinoroji yeWi-Fi, inotsanangurwa neIEEE 802.11 mhuri yezviyero, ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa isina waya tekinoroji inoshandiswa kubatana neInternet, ine Wi-Fi inotakura inopfuura hafu yevashandisi traffic. Nepo tekinoroji yemafoni ichizvishandurazve makore gumi ega ega, sekutsiva zita re802.11G ne4G, kune vashandisi veWi-Fi, kuvandudzwa kwekumhanya kwedata, pamwe nekuunzwa kwemasevhisi matsva uye zvitsva, zvinoitika zvisingaonekwe. Vashoma vatengi vane hanya nezvemavara "n", "ac" kana "demo" anotevera "5" pamabhokisi emidziyo. Asi hazvireve kuti Wi-Fi haisi kubuda.
Humwe humbowo hwekushanduka kweWi-Fi kuwedzera kunoshamisa kwekumhanya kwedata: kubva pa2 Mbps mushanduro ya1997 kusvika kunosvika gumi Gbps mune ichangoburwa 10ax standard, inozivikanwawo seWi-Fi 802.11. Yemazuvano Wi-Fi inosvika zvakadaro. kubudirira kwekuita nekuda kwekukurumidza kwechiratidzo uye kodhi madhizaini, migero yakakura uye kushandiswa kwehunyanzvi .
Pamusoro peiyo yakakura-yekumhanya isina waya yenzvimbo network, shanduko yeWi-Fi inosanganisira akati wandei niche mapurojekiti. Semuenzaniso, Wi-Fi HaLow (802.11ah) yaive kuyedza kuunza Wi-Fi kune isina waya Internet yezvinhu musika. Millimeter wave Wi-Fi (802.11ad/ay) inotsigira mareti edhata anosvika 275 Gbps, kunyangwe munhambwe pfupi.
Zvitsva zvekushandisa uye masevhisi ane chekuita nepamusoro-tsanangudzo yevhidhiyo kutenderera, chaiyo uye yakawedzera chokwadi, kutamba, kure kure hofisi uye cloud computing, pamwe nekudiwa kwekutsigira nhamba huru yevashandisi vane yakanyanya traffic pane wireless network, inoda kushanda kwepamusoro.
Wi-Fi 7 zvinangwa
Muna Chivabvu 2019, boka reBE (TGbe) re802.11 Working Group yeLocal and Metropolitan Area Network Standards Committee yakatanga basa rekuwedzera kutsva kuWi-Fi chiyero icho chichawedzera. nominal throughput kusvika kupfuura 40 Gbit/s mune imwe frequency chiteshi che "yakajairika" Wi-Fi renji <= 7 GHz. Kunyangwe magwaro mazhinji achinyora "maximum throughput of angangoita 30 Gbps", iyo itsva yemuviri layer protocol ichapa mamhanyiro ezita anodarika makumi mana Gbps.
Imwe nzira yakakosha yekusimudzira yeWi-Fi 7 ndeye tsigiro yezvikumbiro zvenguva chaiyo (mitambo, chaiyo uye yakawedzerwa chokwadi, marobhoti kutonga). Zvinokosha kuziva kuti kunyangwe Wi-Fi inobata odhiyo uye vhidhiyo traffic nenzira yakakosha, zvagara zvichitendwa kuti kupa standard-level inovimbiswa yakaderera latency (milliseconds), inozivikanwawo seTime-Sensitive Networking, muWi-Fi network inonyanya kukosha. hazvigoneki. Muna Mbudzi 2017, timu yedu kubva kuIITP RAS uye National Research University Higher Chikoro cheEconomics (usatore iyo PR) yakaita chirevo chinoenderana muIEEE 802.11 boka. Chikumbiro ichi chakaunza kufarira kwakawanda uye boka diki rakatangwa muna Chikunguru 2018 kuti ridzidze nyaya yacho mberi. Nekuti kutsigira-chaiyo-nguva maapplication kunoda ese ari maviri epamusoro mazita data mareti uye yakagadziridzwa yekubatanidza-layer mashandiro, iyo 802.11 Working Boka yakafunga kugadzira nzira dzekutsigira chaiyo-nguva zvikumbiro mukati meWi-Fi 7.
Nyaya yakakosha neWi-Fi 7 kugarisana kwayo nenharembozha tekinoroji (4G/5G) iri kugadzirwa ne3GPP uye inoshanda mumabhendi akafanana asina kunyoreswa. Tiri kutaura nezve LTE-LAA/NR-U. Kuti udzidze matambudziko ane chekuita nekugarisana kweWi-Fi nemaserura network, IEEE 802.11 yakatanga iyo Coexisting Standing Committee (Coex SC). Kunyangwe paine misangano yakawanda uye kunyangwe musangano wakabatana we3GPP uye IEEE 802.11 vatori vechikamu muna Chikunguru 2019 muVienna, mhinduro dzehunyanzvi hadzisati dzatenderwa. Tsananguro inogoneka yekusashanda uku ndeyekuti vese IEEE 802 ne3GPP vanozeza kushandura matekinoroji avo kuti aenderane neimwe. Saka, Parizvino hazvizivikanwe kana nhaurirano dzeCoex SC dzichakanganisa iyo Wi-Fi 7 standard.
Development process
Kunyangwe iyo Wi-Fi 7 nzira yekuvandudza iri mumatanho ekutanga, pave paine zvingangosvika mazana mashanu zvikumbiro zvekushanda kutsva kweiyo inotevera Wi-Fi 500, inozivikanwawo seIEEE 7be, kusvika parizvino. Mazano mazhinji ari kungokurukurwa muboka diki uye sarudzo pazviri haisati yaitwa. Mamwe mazano achangobva kutenderwa. Pazasi pacho pacharatidzwa zvakajeka kuti ndezvipi zvikumbiro zvinotenderwa uye izvo zviri kungokurukurwa.
Zvakanga zvakarongwa kuti kugadziridzwa kwemaitiro matsva kuchapedzwa munaKurume 2021. Iyo yekupedzisira vhezheni yechiyero inotarisirwa kutanga kwa2024. Muna Ndira 2020, 11 yakasimudzwa kushushikana pamusoro pekuti budiriro yaizoramba iri pahurongwa panguva yazvino yebasa. Kuti ikurumidze kugadzirwa kwakajairika, boka diki rakabvumirana kusarudza diki diki rezvinhu zvakakosha-zvinogona kuburitswa muna 2021 (Release 1), uye kusiya zvimwe paRelease 2. Zvimiro zvekutanga zvinofanirwa kupa hukuru hwekuita budiriro. uye sanganisira tsigiro ye320 MHz, 4K- QAM, kuvandudzwa kuri pachena kuOFDMA kubva kuWi-Fi 6, MU-MIMO ine nzizi gumi nematanhatu.
Nekuda kweiyo coronavirus, boka parizvino harisangane pamunhu, asi rinogara richibata teleconferences. Nokudaro, kubudirira kwakadzikira zvishoma, asi hakuna kumira.
Technology details
Ngatitarisei kune makuru magadzirirwo eWi-Fi 7.
- Iyo nyowani yemuviri layer protocol kusimudzira kweiyo Wi-Fi 6 protocol ine kaviri kuwedzera bandwidth kusvika ku320 MHz, kaviri nhamba yenzvimbo MU-MIMO hova, iyo inowedzera zita rekutsvaga ne 2 Γ 2 = 4 nguva. Wi-Fi 7 inotanga kushandisa modulation 4K-QAM, iyo inowedzera imwe 20% kune zita rekushandisa. Naizvozvo, Wi-Fi 7 ichapa 2x2x1,2 = 4,8 nguva dzakatemerwa data reyero yeWi-Fi 6: Wi-Fi 7's maximum rated throughput is 9,6 Gbps x 4,8 = 46 Gbit/s. Uye zvakare, pachave neshanduko yekuchinja mune yemuviri layer protocol kuti ive nechokwadi chekuenderana neanouya mavhezheni eWi-Fi, asi icharamba isingaonekwe kune vashandisi.
- Kuchinja nzira yekuwana nzira ye real-time application rutsigiro ichaitwa tichifunga nezve chiitiko cheIEEE 802 TSN yemawaya network. Nhaurirano dzirikuenderera mberi mukomiti yezviyero dzine chekuita nemaitiro ekudzokera kumashure kwekuwana chiteshi, zvikamu zvebasa remigwagwa uye nekudaro kupatsanura mitsetse yenguva chaiyo traffic, uye marongero ebasa repaketi.
- Yakaunzwa muWi-Fi 6 (802.11ax) OFDMA - nguva- uye-frequency-division chiteshi nzira yekuwana (yakafanana neyo inoshandiswa mu4G uye 5G network) - inopa mikana mitsva yekugovera zviwanikwa. Nekudaro, mu11ax, OFDMA haichinjike zvakakwana. Chekutanga, inobvumira nzvimbo yekuwana yekugovera imwe chete sosi block yehukuru hwakafanotemerwa kune mutengi mudziyo. Chechipiri, haitsigire kutapurirana zvakananga pakati pezviteshi zvevatengi. Zvose zvisingabatsiri zvinoderedza spectral kunyatsoshanda. Pamusoro pezvo, kushomeka kwekuchinjika kwenhaka Wi-Fi 6 OFDMA inodzikisira mashandiro mune dense network uye inowedzera latency, iyo yakakosha kune chaiyo-nguva maapplication. 11be ichagadzirisa aya matambudziko eOFDMA.
- Imwe yeyakasimbiswa shanduko shanduko yeWi-Fi 7 itsigiro yemuno kushandiswa panguva imwe chete kwezvibatanidza zvakati wandei zvinongedzo pama frequency akasiyana, iyo inobatsira zvikuru kune ese mahombe data mareti uye yakanyanya kuderera latency. Kunyangwe machipset emazuva ano anogona kutoshandisa majoisheni akawanda panguva imwe chete, semuenzaniso, mumabhendi e2.4 uye 5 GHz, aya makubatanidza akazvimirira, izvo zvinotadzisa kushanda kwekuita kwakadaro. Muna 11be, nhanho yekuwiriranisa pakati pezviteshi ichawanikwa inobvumira kushandiswa zvakanaka kwezviwanikwa zvechiteshi uye ichasanganisira shanduko huru mumitemo yenzira yekuwana protocol.
- Kushandiswa kwematanho akafara kwazvo uye huwandu hukuru hwehova dzepasi zvinotungamira kune dambudziko repamusoro-soro rakabatana nechiteshi chefungidziro yenyika inodiwa kuMIMO neOFDMA. Iyi yepamusoro inodzima chero zviwanikwa kubva pakuwedzera mazita e data reti. Kutarisira izvozvo nzira yekuongorora mamiriro echiteshi ichadzokororwa.
- Muchirevo cheWi-Fi 7, komiti yezviyero iri kukurukura nezve kushandiswa kwedzimwe nzira "dzepamusoro" dzekufambisa data. Muchidzidzo, nzira idzi dzinovandudza spectral kunyatsoshanda munyaya yekuedza kudzokororwa kwekutsvaga, pamwe chete nekufambisa panguva imwe chete nenzira imwechete kana yakapesana. Izvi zvinosanganisira hybrid otomatiki kudzokorora chikumbiro (HARQ), parizvino inoshandiswa mumaserura network, yakazara-duplex modhi, uye isiri-orthogonal yakawanda yekuwana (NOMA). Aya matekiniki akadzidzwa zvakanaka muzvinyorwa mune dzidziso, asi hazvisati zvanyatsojeka kana budiriro yegoho yavanopa ichave yakakosha kuedza kuzviita.
- Shandisa HARQ kuomeswa nedambudziko rinotevera. MuWi-Fi, mapaketi anonamirwa pamwechete kuti aderedze pamusoro. Mune shanduro dzazvino dzeWi-Fi, kuendeswa kwepakiti yega yega mukati meiyo glued kunosimbiswa uye, kana kusimbiswa kusingauye, kutapurirana kwepaketi kunodzokororwa uchishandisa nzira yekuwana nzira dzeprotocol. HARQ inofamba inoedza zvakare kubva kune data link kusvika kune yemuviri layer, uko kusisina mapakeji, asi chete macodewords, uye miganhu yecodewords haienderane nemiganhu yemapakiti. Iyi desynchronization inoomesa kuita kweHARQ muWi-Fi.
- Nezvekutaura Yakazara-Duplex, saka parizvino kwete mumaserura network kana muWi-Fi network zvinogoneka kuendesa data panguva imwe chete mune imwechete frequency chiteshi kuenda nekubva kunzvimbo yekuwana (base station). Kubva pakuona kwehunyanzvi, izvi zvinokonzerwa nemusiyano mukuru musimba reiyo inotumirwa uye yakagamuchirwa chiratidzo. Kunyangwe paine prototypes inosanganisa dhijitari uye analogi kubviswa kweiyo inotapurwa chiratidzo kubva kune yakagamuchirwa chiratidzo, inokwanisa kugamuchira chiratidzo cheWi-Fi panguva yekutakurwa kwayo, iyo purofiti yavanogona kupa mukuita inogona kuve isingaite nekuda kwekuti chero nguva. iyo yakadzika haina kuenzana neinokwira (paavhareji "muchipatara" iyo inodzika yakanyanya kukura). Uyezve, nzira mbiri dzakadai dzekufambisa dzichaomesa zvakanyanya protocol.
- Nepo kufambisa nzizi dzakawanda uchishandisa MIMO kunoda akawanda antenna kune anotumira uye anogamuchira, ine isiri-orthogonal yekuwana iyo yekuwana nzvimbo inogona panguva imwe chete kuendesa data kune vaviri vanogamuchira kubva kune imwechete antenna. Yakasiyana-siyana isiri-orthogonal yekuwana sarudzo inosanganisirwa mune yazvino 5G yakatarwa. Prototype NOMA Wi-Fi yakatanga kugadzirwa muna 2018 paIITP RAS (zvakare, usazvione sePR). Yakaratidza kuwedzera kwe30-40% kuita. Kubatsira kwehunyanzvi hwekugadzira tekinoroji ndeyekuenderana kwayo kumashure: mumwe wevaviri vanogamuchira anogona kunge ari mudziyo wekare usingatsigire Wi-Fi 7. Kazhinji, dambudziko rekuenderana kumashure kwakakosha zvakanyanya, sezvo zvishandiso zvezvizvarwa zvakasiyana zvinogona kushanda panguva imwe chete. paWi-Fi network. Parizvino, zvikwata zvakati wandei pasirese zviri kuongorora kushanda kwekushandiswa kwakasanganiswa kweNOMA neMU-MIMO, mhedzisiro yacho icharatidza ramangwana renzira. Isu tiri kuenderera mberi nekushanda pane iyo prototype: iyo inotevera vhezheni ichaunzwa kuIEEE INFOCOM musangano muna Chikunguru 2020.
- Pakupedzisira, humwe hutsva hunokosha, asi hune magumo asina kujeka, ndeye kurongeka kwekushanda kwenzvimbo dzekuwana. Kunyangwe vatengesi vazhinji vaine yavo yepakati controller yebhizinesi Wi-Fi network, kugona kwevatongi vakadaro kwagara kwakaganhurirwa kune yenguva refu paramende kumisikidzwa uye kusarudzwa kwechiteshi. Dare rezviyero riri kukurukura kudyidzana kwakasimba pakati penzvimbo dzekuwana dzevavakidzani, izvo zvinosanganisira kurongeka kwekutapurirana, kurongeka, uye kunyange kugovera masisitimu eMIMO. Dzimwe dzenzira dziri kutariswa dzinoshandisa sequential kukanganisa kukanzura (zvakangofanana nezviri muNOMA). Kunyangwe nzira dzekubatanidza 11be dzisati dzagadzirwa, hapana kupokana kuti chiyero chinobvumira nzvimbo dzekuwana kubva kune vakasiyana vagadziri kuronga zvirongwa zvekutapurirana nemumwe kudzikisa kupindirana. Zvimwe, dzimwe nzira dzakaoma (zvakadai sekugoverwa MU-MIMO) zvichange zvakaoma zvikuru kushandisa muzinga, kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nhengo dzeboka dzakatsunga kuita kudaro mukati meKusunungurwa 2. Pasinei nemigumisiro, kuguma kwekuwana nzvimbo yekubatanidza nzira. hazvina kujeka. Kunyange kana yakabatanidzwa muchiyero, inogona kusasvika pamusika. Chinhu chakafanana chakaitika kare pakuedza kuunza kurongeka kune Wi-Fi kutapurirana uchishandisa mhinduro dzakadai seHCCA (11e) uye HCCA TXOP Negotiation (11be).
Muchidimbu, zvinoita sekunge mazhinji emazano ane chekuita nemapoka mashanu ekutanga anozove chikamu cheWi-Fi 7, nepo zvikumbiro zvine chekuita nemapoka maviri ekupedzisira zvinoda tsvakiridzo yakakosha yekuwedzera kuratidza kushanda kwavo.
Mamwe ruzivo rwehunyanzvi
Ruzivo rwehunyanzvi nezve Wi-Fi 7 runogona kuverengwa (muChirungu)
Source: www.habr.com