Hei Habr.
В Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogona kugamuchirwa pamasaisai marefu uye mapfupi zvakatsanangurwa. Hapana zvishoma inonakidza ibhendi reVHF, paunogona kuwana chimwe chinhu chinonakidza.
Sezviri muchikamu chekutanga, isu tichatarisa izvo zvikwangwani zvinogona kuzvimiririra decoded uchishandisa komputa. Kune avo vanofarira kuti inoshanda sei, kuenderera mberi kuri pasi pekucheka.
Muchikamu chekutanga takashandisa Dutch yekugamuchira masaisai marefu uye mapfupi. Nehurombo, hapana akafanana masevhisi paVHF - iyo frequency renji yakawandisa. Naizvozvo, avo vanoshuvira kudzokorora zviedzo zvinotsanangurwa pazasi vanozofanirwa kuwana yavo yekugamuchira; iyo yakachipa inogona kucherechedzwa. , iyo inogona kutengwa ne$30. Uyu anogamuchira anovhara huwandu kusvika ku1.7 GHz, ese masaini anotsanangurwa pazasi anogamuchirwa pairi.
Saka ngatitangei. Semuchikamu chekutanga, isu tichafunga masaini mukuwedzera frequency.
FM radio
Iyo FM radio pachayo haifanire kushamisa chero munhu, asi isu tichafarira RDS. Kuvapo kweRSS (Radio Data System) kunovimbisa kutapurirana kwedhijitari data "mukati" chiratidzo cheFM. Iyo spectrum yeiyo FM chiteshi chiratidzo mushure mekuderedzwa inotaridzika seizvi:
Iyo toni yekutyaira inowanikwa pane frequency ye19KHz, uye iyo RDS siginecha inofambiswa pairi katatu frequency ye57KHz. Pane iyo oscillogram, kana iwe ukaratidza ese masaini masaini pamwechete, inotaridzika seizvi:
Uchishandisa phase modulation, yakaderera-frequency siginecha ine frequency ye1187.5 Hz yakavharwa pano (nenzira, iyo frequency ye1187.5 Hz haina kusarudzwa nemukana - iyi ndiyo frequency ye19 KHz pilot toni yakakamurwa ne16). Kupfuurirazve, mushure mekuita-bit-by-bit decoding, mapaketi edata anodzikiswa, ayo ane akati wandei marudzi - mukuwedzera kune zvinyorwa, semuenzaniso, mamwe mafambisirwo enhepfenyuro eredhiyo anogona kutapurirwa, uye kana achipinda mune imwe nzvimbo, mugamuchiri anogona otomatiki kuridza kune imwe frequency.
Unogona kugamuchira data yeRSS kubva kuzviteshi zvemuno uchishandisa chirongwa . Inogona kubatanidzwa kuburikidza neHDSDR kana ukasarudza FM modulation, chiratidzo chehupamhi 120KHz uye bit rate 192KHz, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo.
Ipapo iwe unongoda kutungamira siginecha uchishandisa Virtual Audio Cable kubva kuHDSDR kuenda kuRSS Spy (iwe unofanirwawo kudoma iyo bitrate ye192KHz mumaseting eVAC). Kana zvese zvakaitwa nemazvo, tichaona ruzivo rwese nezve RDS, zvakanyanya kupfuura redhiyo yemumba icharatidza:
Pamusoro peFM, nenzira, iwe unogona zvakare decode DAB +, ndakataura nezvazvo . Iyo haisati yashanda muRussia, asi inogona kunge yakakosha kune dzimwe nyika.
Air range
Nhoroondo, kubhururuka nendege kunoshandisa amplitude modulation (AM) uye frequency renji ye118-137 MHz. Hurukuro pakati pevatyairi nevashambadziri haina kuvharirwa chero nzira, uye chero munhu anogona kuvagamuchira. Anenge makore makumi maviri apfuura, maredhiyo akachipa echiChinese "akadhonzwa" nekuda kweizvi - zvaive zvakakwana kufambisa macoil oscillator emunharaunda, uye huwandu hwakachinjika, kana uine rombo rakanaka, kuenda kumafaro epamusoro. Vaya vanofarira "digital archaeology" vanogona kuverenga hurukuro zve2004. Gare gare, vagadziri veChinese vakasangana nevashandisi pakati uye vakangowedzera iyo Mhepo bhendi kune vanogamuchira (mune zvirevo kuchikamu chekutanga vakakurudzira Tecsun PL-660 kana PL-680). Asi hongu, kushandiswa kweakanyanya hunyanzvi michina (semuenzaniso, AOR, Icom vanogamuchira) inonyanya kufarirwa - vane kuderedzwa kweruzha (ruzha runodzima kana pasina chiratidzo uye pasina chinoridza muridzo) uye kukurumidza kukurumidza kwefrequency. sarudzo.
Imwe neimwe hombe airport inoshandisa akati wandei mafrequency, pano, semuenzaniso, ma frequency ePulkovo Airport, anotorwa kubva kune radioscanner webhusaiti:
Nenzira, unogona kuteerera kutepfenyura kwenhaurirano kubva kumaguta akasiyana eRussia (Moscow, St. Petersburg, Chelyabinsk nevamwe) online pa .
Iyo digitaalinen protocol inofadza kwatiri mumhepo. (Ndege Yekukurukurirana Kero uye Yekuzivisa System). Zviratidzo zvaro zvinofambiswa pamafrequencies 131.525 uye 131.725 MHz (European standard, frequency yematunhu akasiyana. ) Aya mameseji edhijitari ane bitrate ye2400 kana 1200bps; vachishandisa system yakadai, vatyairi vendege vanogona kuchinjana mameseji neanotumira. Kuti udzivise muMultiPSK, unofanirwa kuisa chiratidzo mu AM modhi (unoda SDR inogamuchira, sezvo chiratidzo bandwidth ichipfuura 5 KHz) uye tungamira ruzha uchishandisa Virtual Audio Kadhi.
Mhedzisiro inoratidzwa muscreenshot.
Iyo ACARS siginecha fomati iri nyore uye inogona kutariswa muSA Yemahara. Kuti uite izvi, ingovhura chidimbu chekurekodha, uye isu tichaona kuti "mukati" iyo AM kurekodha ine frequency modulation.
Tevere, nekushandisa frequency detector kune kurekodha, tinogona kuwana nyore karukova. Muhupenyu chaihwo, hazvigoneke kuti uchafanirwa kuita izvi, nekuti ... akagadzirira-akagadzirwa zvirongwa zveAARS decoding zvakanyorwa kare kare.
NOAA mamiriro ekunze masatellite
Mushure mekuteerera nhaurirano dzevatyairi, unogona kukwira kunyange kumusoro - munzvimbo. Imo isu tinofarira mamiriro ekunze satellite , и , kutumira mifananidzo yePasi pano pafrequencies 137.620, 137.9125 uye 137.100 MHz. Unogona decode chiratidzo uchishandisa chirongwa .
Mufananidzo wakagamuchirwa unogona kutaridzika seizvi (mufananidzo kubva paradioscanner webhusaiti):
Nehurombo (iwe haugone kunyengedza mitemo yefizikisi, uye Nyika yakatenderedza, kunyangwe asiri munhu wese anozvitenda), unogona kungogamuchira satellite chiratidzo kana ichibhururuka pamusoro pedu, uye idzi ndege hadziwanzove nenguva yakakodzera uye kona. pamusoro pedenga. Pakutanga, kuti uzive nguva, zuva uye nguva yekubhururuka kwepedyo, waifanira kuisa chirongwa (chirongwa chekugara kwenguva refu chave chiriko kubva 2001), ikozvino zviri nyore kuzviita online uchishandisa zvinongedzo. , и maererano.
Chiratidzo chesatellite chine ruzha uye chinogona kunzwika kubva kune chero antenna uye chero anogamuchira. Asi kuti ugamuchire mufananidzo mumhando yakanaka, antenna yakakosha uye maonero akanaka ehusiku achiri kudiwa. Avo vanofarira vanogona kuona kana kuverenga . Ini pachangu handina kumbova neshiviriro yekupedza basa, asi vamwe vanogona kuita rombo rakanaka.
FLEX/POCSAG Paging Messages
Handizivi kana kutaurirana kwepeji kuchiri kushanda kune vatengi vekambani muRussia, asi muEurope iri kushanda zvakakwana, inoshandiswa nevanodzima moto, mapurisa uye mabasa akasiyana-siyana.
Unogona kugamuchira FLEX uye POCSAG masiginecha uchishandisa HDSDR uye Virtual Audio Cable; chirongwa ichi chinoshandiswa kudhirodha. . Yakatonyorwa kare muna 2004, uye iyo interface ine inoenderana, asi zvinoshamisa zvakakwana, ichiri kushanda nemazvo.
Kune zvakare multimon-ng decoder inomhanya pasi pe Linux, manyuko ayo anowanikwa . Paive zvakare nechinyorwa chakasiyana nezvePOCSAG yekufambisa protocol; vanofarira vanogona kuiverenga .
Key fobs/wireless switch
Kunyangwe yakakwira frequency, pa433 MHz, kune akawanda akawanda emidziyo yakasiyana - isina waya switch uye zvigadziko, mabhero emusuwo, emota matayi ekumanikidza sensors, nezvimwe.
Izvi zvinowanzova zvakachipa zveChinese zvishandiso zvine nyore modulation. Iko hakuna encryption, uye iri nyore binary kodhi inoshandiswa (OOK - on-off keying). Iyo decoding yezviratidzo zvakadaro yakakurukurwa mukati . Tinogona kushandisa yakagadzirira-yakagadzirwa rtl_433 decoder, yaunogona kudhawunirodha .
Nekutanga chirongwa, unogona kuona michina yakasiyana-siyana, uye (kana paine nzvimbo yekupaka iri pedyo) tsvaga, semuenzaniso, kumanikidzwa kwetairi yemotokari yemuvakidzani. Pane pfungwa shoma inoshanda mune izvi, asi kubva pamaonero esvomhu chete, inonakidza - maprotocol ezviratidzo izvi zviri nyore kutsanangura.
Nenzira, avo vanotenga mawaya asina waya akadaro vanofanirwa kuyeuka kuti havana kuchengetedzwa neimwe nzira, uye zvinoti, muvakidzani wako wehacker, kana aine HackRF kana mudziyo wakafanana, anogona kudzima mwenje muchimbuzi chako. nguva yakawanda isina kukodzera kana kuita zvakafanana. Ini pachangu, ini handizvinetse, asi kana nyaya yekuchengeteka inoenderana, unogona kushandisa zvakakomba uye zvinodhura zvishandiso zvine makiyi akazara uye huchokwadi (Z-Wave, Philips Hue, nezvimwewo).
TETRA
(Terrestrial Trunked Radio) inyanzvi yekudyidzana neredhiyo redhiyo system ine akati wandei hunyanzvi (kufona kweboka, encryption, kusanganisa akati wandei network, nezvimwewo). Uye masaini ayo, kana asina kuvharirwa, anogona zvakare kugamuchirwa uchishandisa komputa uye SDR inogamuchira.
TETRA decoder ye Linux yaivapo , asi kugadzika kwayo kwaive kure nekureruka, uye rinenge gore rapfuura chirongwa cheRussia chakagadzirwa ye SDR#. Iye zvino basa iri rinogona kugadziriswa zvaringana mumabhatani maviri; chirongwa chinokutendera kuti uratidze ruzivo nezve system, teerera mameseji ezwi, unganidza nhamba, nezvimwe.
Iyo plugin haiite ese maficha eiyo chiyero, asi iwo makuru mabasa akawanda kana mashoma basa.
Maererano ne Wikipedia, Tetra inogona kushandiswa muma ambulensi, mapurisa, kutakura zvitima, nezvimwewo. Handizivi nezvekuparadzirwa kwayo muRussia (zvinoita sokuti Tetra network yakashandiswa pa 2018 World Cup, asi izvi hazvina kururama). chero munhu anogona kuzvitarisa ega - masaini eTetra anooneka zviri nyore, uye ane hupamhi hwe25KHz, sezvazvinoonekwa pascreenshot.
Ehe, kana encryption yakagoneswa pane network (Tetra ine chinhu chakadaro), iyo plugin haishande - pachinzvimbo chekutaura pachave ne "gurgling".
ADSB
Kukwira kumusoro zvakanyanya muhuwandu, iyo 1.09GHz frequency inotumira masaini kubva kune ndege transponder, ichibvumira nzvimbo dzakaita seFlightRadar24 kuratidza inopfuura ndege. Iyi protocol yakambokurukurwa kare, saka handisi kuzoidzokorora pano (chinyorwa chatove chakareba), avo vanoda vanogona kuverenga. и zvikamu.
mhedziso
Sezvauri kuona, kunyangwe uine $30 inogamuchira iwe unogona kuwana zvakawanda zvinonakidza zvinhu pamhepo. Ndine chokwadi chekuti hazvisi zvese zvakanyorwa pano, uye pamwe ndakapotsa chimwe chinhu kana kusaziva. Vaya vanofarira vanogona kuzviedza ivo pachavo - iyi inzira yakanaka yekunzwisisa zviri nani mutemo wekushandisa weimwe system.
Ini handina kufunga nezveamateur radio communications, kunyangwe VHF inayowo, asi chinyorwa ichi chichiri nezve kutaurirana kwesevhisi.
PS: Kunyanya ku Zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti hapana chakavanzika chechokwadi chakaparidzirwa pamusoro pemhepo yakazaruka kweanenge makore makumi mashanu, saka kubva "iyi" maonero, hazvina kukodzera kutambisa nguva nemari. Asi kubva pakuona kwekudzidza misimboti yekutaurirana uye akasiyana einjiniya masisitimu, kujairana nekushanda chaiko kwemanetwork chaiwo kunonakidza uye kunodzidzisa.
Source: www.habr.com
