Mhoroi, vashandisi veHabr! Ndinopa kwamuri kududzira kwechinyorwa chino βΒ»naRobert Triggs. Zvingaite senge, nei munyori wepakutanga anganyora nezvenyaya iyi muna 2019, uye nei ndichifanira kuidudzira pachikumbaridzo cha2020? Nhasi NFC yawana hupenyu hwayo chaihwo uye yakarega kuve tekinoroji ye geeky ye token key fobs. Zvino aya mabhadharo, uye chikamu smart imba uye smart kugadzira. Uye naizvozvo, wadii kudzokorora zvakaitwa, uye kune vamwe, chimwe chinhu chitsva?
NFC inonyanya kukoshesa kugadzira tekinoroji isina waya, nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwemasystem ekubhadhara epamhepo akadai seSamsung Pay neGoogle Pay. Kunyanya kana zvasvika kune mureza zvishandiso uye kunyange yepakati-renji (smartphones). Iwe unogona kunge wakambonzwa izwi iri, asi chii chaizvo chinonzi NFC? Muchikamu chino tichatarisa kuti chii, chinoshanda sei uye kuti chinoshandiswa sei.
NFC inomirira Near Field Communication uye, sekureva kunoita zita, inogonesa kutaurirana kwenguva pfupi pakati pemidziyo inoenderana. Izvi zvinoda kanenge mudziyo mumwe kufambisa uye mumwe kugamuchira chiratidzo. Midziyo yakati wandei inoshandisa iyo NFC chiyero uye inozoonekwa seyakangoita kana inoshanda.
Passive NFC zvishandiso zvinosanganisira ma tag uye mamwe madiki transmitter anotumira ruzivo kune mamwe maNFC madivayiri pasina kudiwa kweavo ega emagetsi. Nekudaro, ivo havagadzirise chero ruzivo rwunotumirwa kubva kune mamwe masosi uye havabatanidze kune mamwe maturusi ekushandisa. Iyo inowanzoshandiswa kune zviratidzo zvinopindirana pamadziro kana zviziviso, semuenzaniso.
Zvishandiso zvinoshanda zvinogona kutumira kana kugamuchira data uye kutaurirana kune mumwe nemumwe, pamwe chete nemidziyo yepasi. Parizvino, nharembozha ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa fomu yeNFC inoshanda. Vaverengi vemakadhi ekutakura veruzhinji uye touch-screen kubhadhara zviteshi zvakare mienzaniso yakanaka yeiyi tekinoroji.
NFC inoshanda sei?
Iye zvino tava kuziva kuti NFC chii, asi inoshanda sei? Kufanana neBluetooth, Wi-Fi uye mamwe masaini asina waya, NFC inoshanda pamusimboti wekufambisa ruzivo pamusoro pemasaisai eredhiyo. Near field communication ndiyo imwe yemitemo yewireless data transmission. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvishandiso zvinofanirwa kusangana nezvimwe zvakatemwa kuti zvikwanise kutaurirana nemazvo. Tekinoroji inoshandiswa muNFC yakavakirwa papfungwa dzekare dzeRFID (Radio Frequency Identification), iyo yakashandisa electromagnetic induction kufambisa ruzivo.
Izvi zvinoratidza musiyano mumwe wakakosha pakati peNFC neBluetooth/WiFi. Yekutanga inogona kushandiswa kupinza magetsi muzvikamu zvepasi (passive NFC), pamwe nekungotumira data. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvigadziriso hazvitsvage simba razvo. Panzvimbo iyoyo, ivo vanopihwa simba neiyo electromagnetic munda inogadzirwa neanoshanda NFC kana yasvika muhuwandu. Nehurombo, tekinoroji yeNFC haipe yakakwana inductance yekuchaja mafoni edu, asi QI isina waya yekuchaja yakavakirwa pamusimboti wakafanana.
Iyo NFC data yekufambisa frequency ndeye 13,56 megahertz. Unogona kutumira data pa106, 212 kana 424 kbps. Izvi zvinokasira zvakaringana pakufambiswa kwedata - kubva paruzivo rwekutaurirana kuenda kugovera mifananidzo nemimhanzi.
Kuti uone kuti ndeupi rudzi rweruzivo ruchave rwuripo pakutsinhana pakati pemidziyo, iyo NFC chiyero parizvino ine matatu akasiyana maitiro ekushanda. Pamwe iyo inonyanya kushandiswa ye (NFC) muma smartphones ndeye peer-to-peer mode. Izvi zvinobvumira maviri NFC-inogonesa zvishandiso kuchinjana ruzivo rwakasiyana kune mumwe nemumwe. Mune iyi modhi, ese maturusi anochinja pakati peanoshanda paunenge uchitumira data uye passive kana uchigamuchira.
Kuverenga/kunyora modhi ndeye nzira imwe chete yekuendesa data. Chishandiso chinoshanda, pamwe smartphone yako, inotaurirana nemumwe mudziyo kuti uverenge ruzivo kubva kwairi. NFC advertising tag shandisawo iyi modhi.
Nzira yekupedzisira yekushanda ndeyekutevedzera kadhi. Chishandiso cheNFC chinoshanda sechakangwara kana chisingabatike kiredhiti kadhi kubhadhara kana kubatana nehurongwa hwekubhadhara zvifambiso zveveruzhinji.
Kuenzanisa neBluetooth
Saka, NFC inosiyana sei kubva kune mamwe mawaya tekinoroji? Iwe unogona kufunga kuti NFC haidiwi chaizvo, ukapihwa kuti Bluetooth yakapararira uye yakabata hutungamiriri kwemakore mazhinji (uye, nenzira, inokunda mumusha wakangwara uye masisitimu akangwara ekugadzira ataurwa pamusoro). Nekudaro, kune akati wandei akakosha hunyanzvi mutsauko pakati pezviviri izvo zvinopa NFC mamwe mabhenefiti akakosha mune mamwe mamiriro. Iyo nharo huru mukufarira NFC ndeyekuti inoda simba shoma pane Bluetooth. Izvi zvinoita kuti NFC ive yakanaka kune inongoita maturusi, senge ma tag anodyidzana ambotaurwa, sezvo anoshanda asina main power source.
Zvisinei, iyi simba rekuchengetedza ine zvinoverengeka zvakakosha zvisingabatsiri. Kunyanya, huwandu hwekutumira hwakapfupika pane Bluetooth. Nepo NFC iine huwandu hwekushanda hwemasendimita gumi, angori mashoma, Bluetooth inotumira data ingopfuura gumi metres kubva kwainobva. Chimwe chinokanganisa ndechekuti NFC inononoka pane Bluetooth. Inotamisa data nekumhanya kwakanyanya kwe10 kbps chete, zvichienzaniswa ne10 Mbps yeBluetooth 424 kana inosvika 2,1 Mbps yeBluetooth Low Energy.
Asi NFC ine mukana mumwe mukuru: kukurumidza kubatana. Nekuda kwekushandisa inductive coupling uye kusavapo kwemanyore pairing, kubatana pakati pemidziyo miviri kunotora isingasviki chikamu chimwe chegumi chechipiri. Nepo Bluetooth yemazuva ano ichibatanidza nekukurumidza, NFC ichiri yakanakira mamwe mamiriro. Uye ikozvino, kubhadhara nhare inzvimbo isingarambike yekunyorera.
Samsung Pay, Android Pay uye Apple Pay vanoshandisa NFC tekinoroji - kunyangwe Samsung Pay inoshanda pane imwe musimboti kubva kune vamwe. Nepo Bluetooth ichishanda zvirinani pakubatanidza zvishandiso zvekufambisa/kugovera mafaera, kubatanidza kune vatauri, nezvimwewo, isu tinovimba kuti NFC ichagara iine nzvimbo munyika ino nekuda kweiyo nharembozha yekubhadhara tekinoroji.
Nenzira, mubvunzo waHabr - iwe unoshandisa NFC tokens mumapurojekiti ako? Sei?
Source: www.habr.com