Π isu tatofunga mubvunzo wekuti "Tichaisa RAID paSSD" tichishandisa muenzaniso weKingston drives, asi takazviita chete mukati mezinga re zero. Muchinyorwa chazvino, isu tichaongorora sarudzo dzekushandisa nyanzvi uye yekumba NVMe mhinduro mumhando dzakakurumbira dzeRAID arrays uye kutaura nezve controller kuenderana. nemadhiraivha eKingston.
Sei uchida RAID pane SSD?
Zvakanakira zveSSD-yakavakirwa kuchengetedza arrays pamusoro peHDD ekuchengetedza arrays anosanganisira kukurumidza kuwana nguva kune data pane drive uye yepamusoro kuverenga / kunyora kuita. Nekudaro, yakanakira SSD-yakavakirwa RAID kuita inoda musanganiswa wakakwana we processor, cache, software, uye hardware. Kana zvese izvi zvinhu zvichishanda pamwe chete zvakakwana, SSD RAID inogona kudarika zvakanyanya kuenzaniswa kurongeka uchishandisa echinyakare HDD.
Iyo yakajairwa SSD inoshandisa simba shoma pane HDDs, saka kana iwe ukabatanidza huwandu hukuru hweSDD mune RAID array, iyo simba rekuchengetedza kana ichienzaniswa neiyo HDD RAID array inogona zvakare kududzira mumitengo yakaderera pamabhiri emagetsi emakambani.
Nekudaro, SSD RAID ine painogumira uye yakashata, kunyanya mutengo wepamusoro pagigabyte yenzvimbo kana uchienzaniswa nemadhiraivha ekuenzana. Uye iyo nguva iri pakati pekutadza ndangariro yekutadza inogumira kune imwe nhamba yekunyorazve kutenderera. Ndiko kuti, madhiraivha eSSD ane humwe hupenyu hwesevhisi, zvinoenderana nekushanda: iyo yakawanda ruzivo inonyorwa pamusoro payo, inokurumidza dhiraivha ichakundikana. Kune rimwe divi, bhizinesi maSSD ane hupenyu hwakanaka hunofananidzwa nemakanika hard drive.
Maitiro eKingston SSD anogara muRAID modhi neBroadcom controllers
Mumazuva ekutanga eSSD, RAID madhizaini aive neakawanda nuances. Kusanganisira nekuda kwekushandiswa kwemaHDD asina kukanganisa. Solid state madhiraivha anovimbika zvakanyanya kupfuura mamwe anoenderana nemagineti disks. Sezvatinoziva, hapana zvikamu zvinofamba muSSD mhinduro, saka kukuvadzwa kwemichina kunoderedzwa kusvika zero. Iko kutadza kweakasimba-nyika dhiraivha nekuda kwekukwira kwesimba zvakare hazvigoneke, zvichipihwa kuti padanho rePC yemba uye chero sevha, UPS, vadziviriri vekuvhiya, uye kunyange magetsi anokudzivirira.
Panguva imwecheteyo, madhiraivha akasimba ane chimwe chakakosha kuwedzera: kunyangwe maseru ekurangarira akasakara kunyora, data inogona kuverengerwa kubva kwavari, asi kana iyo magineti disk yakakuvadzwa, maiwe.
Nhasi, zvakajairika tsika kushandisa SSD mhinduro muRAID arrays emazinga akasiyana. Chinhu chikuru ndechokusarudza maSSD akakodzera, iyo latency iyo ishoma. Uye zvakanaka, shandisa maSSD emugadziri mumwechete uye modhi yakafanana kuitira kuti urege kupedzisira uine hodgepodge yedhiraivha inotsigira mhando dzakasiyana dzemitoro uye inovakwa pahwaro hwemhando dzakasiyana dzekurangarira, vatongi uye mamwe matekinoroji. Ndokunge, kana tikafunga kutenga ina kana gumi nematanhatu NVMe SSDs kubva kuKingston kugadzira RAID array, zvingave nani kana vese vachibva kune imwechete nhevedzano uye modhi renji.
Nenzira, in isu takataura Broadcom controllers nechikonzero patakataura nezveNVMe SSD kubva kuKingston. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti zvinyorwa zvezvishandiso izvi zvinokurumidza kunyorera madhiraivha anowirirana (kusanganisira mhinduro kubva kune yambotaurwa yeAmerican SSD mugadziri), iyo iyo controller ichashanda nayo zvisina mhosva. Ruzivo urwu runofanira kuvimbwa narwo pakusarudza controller-SSD bundle yeRAID.
Isu tinoongorora basa reSSD Kingston mumhando dzakakurumbira dzeRAID - "1", "5", "10", "50"
Saka, iyo "zero" RAID level haipe data redundancy, asi inongowedzera mashandiro. RAID 0 haipe chero dziviriro yedata zvachose, saka isu hatizvifungire mukati mechikamu chekambani. RAID 1, kune rumwe rutivi, inopa kudzokororwa kwakazara asi kungoita zvine mwero kuita, uye inofanirwa kutariswa kana kuita kwekuita kusiri kwekutanga kufunga pakuvaka SSD RAID array.
RAID 1 yakavakirwa paKingston SSDs uye Broadcom controllers
Saka, yekutanga nhanho RAID array yakavakirwa paBroadcom MegaRAID 9460-16i controller inosanganisa kubva maviri kusvika ku32 Kingston madhiraivha, ari makopi emumwe, uye anopa azere redundancy. Kana pakushandisa echinyakare HDD, kumhanya kwekunyora uye kuverenga data kwakaramba kuri padanho reiyo HDD chaiyo, tozoshandisa NVMe SSD mhinduro tinowana kuwedzera kakapetwa kagumi mukuita. Kunyanya maererano nenguva yekuwana data. Semuenzaniso, neaviri Kingston DC1000M U.2 NVMe SSDs muserver RAID 1, tinowana 350 random kuverenga IOPS uye 000 kunyora IOPS.
Panyaya yekutevedzana kuverenga kumhanya, mibairo ichaenderana nehunhu hwekutyaira - 3200 MB / s. Asi sezvo ese maNVMe SSD ari muhurongwa hwekushanda, data inogona kuverengwa kubva kwavari panguva imwe chete, izvo zvinoita kuti kuverenga kuve nekukurumidza. Asi kumhanya kwekunyora (kunonzi 2000 MB / s) kuchave kunonoka, nekuti imwe neimwe yekunyora inoshanda kaviri.
RAID 1 yakanakira diki dhatabhesi kana chero imwe nharaunda inoda kukanganisa kushivirira asi yakaderera huwandu. Dhiraivha mirroring inonyanya kubatsira mumamiriro ekudzoreredza njodzi (kuita kwakaderedzwa zvishoma) nekuti inopa ipapo "kudzoreredza" kwe data rakakosha kana imwe yedhiraivha muhurongwa ikatadza. Asi nekuda kwekuti iyi nhanho yedziviriro inoda kupeta kaviri kugona kweiyo data yakatariswa (100 TB inoda mazana maviri TB yekuchengetedza), mazhinji emabhizinesi masisitimu anoshandisa mamwe ehupfumi ekuchengetedza sarudzo: RAID 200 uye RAID 5.
RAID 5 yakavakirwa paKingston SSDs uye Broadcom controllers
Kuronga yechishanu-level RAID array, tinoda angangoita matatu madhiraivha, iyo data pairi inopindirana (yakanyorwa yakanyorwa kune ese madhiraivha muhurongwa), asi isina kudzokororwa. Pakuzvironga, munhu anofanira kufunga nezvemaitiro avo akaomarara, sezvo pano pfungwa yakadai se "checksum" (kana "parity") inooneka. Pfungwa iyi inoreva zvine musoro algebraic XOR basa (aka exclusive "OR"), iyo inoraira kushandiswa kwemadhiraivha matatu mashoma muhurongwa (hukuru - 32). Muchiitiko ichi, ruzivo rweparity runonyorerwa kune ese "disks" muhurongwa.
Kune akatevedzana mana Kingston DC500R SATA SSD ane huwandu hwe3,84 TB imwe neimwe, tinowana 11,52 TB yenzvimbo uye 3,84 yemacheki. Uye kana ukabatanidza madhiraivha gumi nematanhatu eKingston DC16M U.1000 NVMe ane huwandu hwe2 TB muChinhanho 7,68 RAID, tichadzidza 115,2 TB nekurasikirwa ne7,68 TB. Sezvauri kuona, iyo yakawanda inotyaira, zviri nani pakupedzisira. Zviri nani zvakare nekuti iyo yakawanda madhiraivha muRAID 5, inokwidza iyo yakazara kunyora kuita. Uye kuverenga kwemutsara kuchasvika padanho reRAID 0.
A RAID 5 dhisiki boka rinopa yakakwira throughput (kunyanya mafaera makuru) uye redundancy ine shoma simba kurasikirwa. Rudzi urwu rwehurongwa hwehurongwa hunonyatsokodzera kunetiweki anoita akawanda madiki ekuisa / kubuda (I / O) panguva imwe chete. Asi kuishandisa kune mabasa anoda nhamba huru yekunyora mashandiro ediki kana madiki mabhuroko hazvina kukodzera.
Pane imwezve nuance: kana imwe yemadhiraivha eNVMe ikatadza, RAID 5 inopinda mudegradation mode uye kutadza kweimwe mudziyo wekuchengetedza kunogona kuve kwakakosha kune ese data. Kana imwe dhiraivha muhurongwa ikatadza, mutongi weRAID anoshandisa iyo parity ruzivo kudzoreredza chero data isipo.
RAID 10 yakavakirwa paKingston SSDs uye Broadcom controllers
Saka, RAID 0 inotipa nekuwedzera kaviri mukukurumidza uye nguva yekuwana, uye RAID 1 inopa kuvimbika. Nenzira yakanaka, vaizobatanidzwa, uye pano RAID 10 (kana 1 + 0) inouya kuzonunura. "Gumi" inounganidzwa kubva kune ina SATA SSD kana NVMe dhiraivha (yakanyanya - 32) uye inoreva ruzhinji rwe "magirazi", nhamba yedhiraivha iyo inofanirwa kugara ichiwanda yechina. Iyo data iri muchirongwa ichi yakanyorwa uchishandisa yakagadziriswa block partitioning (sezvakaita RAID 0) uye mitsetse pakati pemadhiraivha, kuparadzira makopi kuyambuka "madhiraivha" mune RAID 1 array. Uye nekugona kuwana akawanda mapoka edhiraivha pa panguva imwe chete, RAID 10 inoratidza kushanda kwepamusoro.
Sezvo RAID 10 ichikwanisa kudonhedza data pane akawanda magirazi maviri maviri, izvi zvinoreva kuti inogona kushivirira kutadza kwedhiraivha imwe paviri. Nekudaro, kana ese ari maviri magirazi maviri (kureva, ese mana madhiraivha) akatadza, kusingadzivisike kurasikirwa kwedata kuchaitika. Nekuda kweizvozvo, isu tinowanawo kushivirira kwakanaka kwemhosva uye kuvimbika. Asi ramba uchifunga kuti, seRAID 1, yegumi nhanho array inoshandisa chete hafu yehuwandu hwehuwandu, uye saka inodhura mhinduro. Uye zvakare zvakaoma kumisa.
RAID 10 inokodzera kushandiswa ne data rehouses inoda 100% redundancy ye mirrored disk groups, pamwe nekuwedzera kweI / O kushanda kweRAID 0. Ndiyo mhinduro yakanakisisa yezvinyorwa zvepakati-kati kana chero nzvimbo inoda kushivirira kwepamusoro. kupfuura RAID 5.
RAID 50 yakavakirwa paKingston SSDs uye Broadcom controllers
Mutsara wakasanganiswa wakafanana nenhanho 5 RAID, inova nhanho 50 array yakavakwa kubva padanho 5 arrays. Sekare, chinangwa chikuru chegadziriro iyi ndechekuita kaviri kushanda apo uchichengetedza kuvimbika kwedata mu RAID XNUMX. Panguva imwecheteyo, RAID XNUMX inopa kuvandudzwa kwekunyora kwekunyora uye kuchengetedzwa kwedata zviri nani kudarika RAID XNUMX muchiitiko chekukundikana kwemotokari. , uye zvakare inokwanisa kukurumidza kupora kana ikatadza imwe yemadhiraivha.
RAID 50 drive group inotsemura data kuita mabhuroko madiki yobva yadimbura pane yega yega RAID 5. Boka re RAID 5 drive rinopatsanurawo data kuita mabhuroko madiki, kuverenga kuenzana, kuita zvine musoro OR oparesheni pamabhuroko, uyezve. inoita data block kunyora uye parity mashandiro kune yega dhisiki muboka redhisiki.
Uye nepo mashandiro akadzikisirwa kana imwe yedhiraivha ikatadza, haina kukosha senge muRAID 5 array, sezvo kutadza kumwe kunokanganisa imwe chete yezvirongwa, zvichisiya imwe ichishanda zvizere. Muchokwadi, RAID 50 inogona kurarama kusvika sere HDD/SSD/NVMe drive kukundikana kana imwe neimwe yakundikana "dhisiki" iri mune yakaparadzana RAID 5 array.
RAID 50 inonyanya kushandiswa kune zvikumbiro zvinoda kuvimbika kwepamusoro uye inofanira kugadzirisa nhamba yepamusoro yezvikumbiro uchichengetedza mazinga ekufambisa data uye yakaderera mari yekufambisa kupfuura RAID 10. Zvisinei, sezvo zvishoma zvemadhiraivha matanhatu zvinodiwa kuti ugadzire RAID 50 array. , mari haina kubviswa zvachose sechinhu. Imwe yakashata yeRAID 50 ndeyekuti, seRAID 5, inoda mutongi akaomesesa: senge. munyaya yekupedzisira kubva kuBroadcom.
Izvo zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti RAID 50 ine shoma dhisiki nzvimbo yekushandisa pane RAID 5 nekuda kwekugoverwa kwekugona kubata marekodhi epari. Nekudaro, ichine nzvimbo inoshandisika kupfuura mamwe mazinga eRAID, kunyanya ayo anoshandisa mirroring. Nezvishoma zvinodikanwa zvemadhiraivha matanhatu, RAID 50 inogona kuve inodhura sarudzo, asi iyo yekuwedzera dhisiki nzvimbo inoruramisa mutengo nekuchengetedza data rekambani. Rudzi urwu rwehurongwa hunokurudzirwa kune data rinoda kuvimbika kwekuchengetedza kwepamusoro, mitengo yekukumbira yakakwira, mareti ekutamisa akakwira, uye yakakwirira yekuchengetedza.
RAID 6 uye RAID 60: isu hatina kukanganwa nezvavo zvakare
Sezvo tataura pamusoro pezvirongwa zvechikamu chechishanu uye chemakumi mashanu, chingave chitadzo kusataura mhando dzakadai dzehurongwa hwehurongwa seRAID 6 uye RAID 60.
Kuitwa kweRAID 6 kwakafanana neRAID 5, asi pano madhiraivha maviri anopiwa kuenzana, izvo zvinoita kuti hurongwa hurarame nekukundikana kwemadhiraivha maviri pasina kurasikirwa nedata (mu RAID 5, mamiriro aya haadiwe zvakanyanya). Izvi zvinokonzera kuvimbika kwepamusoro. Zvikasadaro, zvese zvakafanana neyechishanu nhanho array: kana paine kutadza kweimwe kana maviri dhisiki, mutongi weRAID anoshandisa parity mabhuroki kudzoreredza ruzivo rwese rusipo. Kana madhiraivha maviri akakundikana, kupora hakuitiki panguva imwe chete: kutanga, yekutanga drive inodzokororwa, uye yechipiri. Saka, maviri data kudzoreredza mabasa anoitwa.
Zviri nyore kufungidzira kuti kana RAID 50 iri nhanho 60 mutsara wenhanho 6 arrays, ipapo RAID makumi matanhatu idanho 50 mutsara wenhanho yechitanhatu arrays yatichangobva kutaura nezvayo. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, sangano iri rekuchengetedza RAID rinokubvumira kuti urarame kurasikirwa kwemaSDD maviri muboka rimwe nerimwe remadhiraivha eRAID 8. Nheyo yekushanda yakafanana neyatakataura muchikamu cheRAID 16, asi nhamba yekukundikana iyo a level XNUMX array inogona kumira inokura kubva paXNUMX kusvika kuXNUMX madhiraivha. Kazhinji, arrays akadaro anoshandiswa pamhepo yevatengi sevhisi, izvo zvinoda kushivirira kwakanyanya.
Muchidimbu:
Kunyangwe girazi rinopa kushivirira kwakawanda kupfuura RAID 50/60, inodawo nzvimbo yakawanda. Sezvo huwandu hwe data hwakapetwa kaviri, iwe unowana chete 50% yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemadhiraivha akaiswa muserver yekurekodha nekuchengetedza ruzivo. Kusarudza pakati pe RAID 50/60 uye RAID 10 ingangove zvichienderana nemabhajeti aripo, server simba, uye zvaunoda kuchengetedza data. Uyezve, mutengo unouya pamberi kana tichitaura nezve SSD mhinduro (zvese emakambani uye evatengi kirasi).
Zvakatonyanya kukosha, isu tave kuziva chokwadi kuti SSD-yakavakirwa RAID mhinduro yakachengeteka uye yakajairika tsika yebhizinesi ranhasi. Sechikamu chekushandiswa kwepamba, pane zvakare chikonzero chekuchinja kuNVMe, kana mabhajeti achibvumidza. Uye kana iwe uchiri nemubvunzo, nei izvi zvose zvichidiwa, dzokera pakutanga kwechinyorwa - isu tatozvipindura zvakadzama.
Ichi chinyorwa chakagadzirirwa nerutsigiro rwevatinoshanda navo kuBroadcom, avo vanopa vatongi vavo kuKingston mainjiniya kuti vaedzwe nebhizinesi-kirasi SATA/SAS/NVMe madhiraivha. Nekuda kweiyi hushamwari symbiosis, vatengi havafanirwe kupokana kuvimbika uye kugadzikana kweKingston dhiraivha neHBA uye RAID controller kubva mukugadzira. .
Rumwe ruzivo nezveKingston zvigadzirwa zvinogona kuwanikwa pa kambani.
Source: www.habr.com