Mhoro! Zita rangu ndiAndrey Semenov, ndiri muongorori mukuru paSportmaster. Mune ino post ndinoda kusimudza nyaya ye denormalization yeERP system databases. Tichatarisa mamiriro akajairwa, pamwe nemuenzaniso chaiwo - ngatiti ingave inoshamisa monopoly tavern yevapambi nevafambisi vezvikepe. Imo mapirati nevafambisi vezvikepe vanofanirwa kushumirwa zvakasiyana, nekuti pfungwa dzekunaka uye nevatengi mapatani eava magentle akanaka akasiyana zvakanyanya.
Nzira yekuita sei kuti munhu wose afare? Unogona sei kudzivirira kupenga kugadzira nekuchengetedza sisitimu yakadai? Chii chaunofanira kuita kana kwete chete makororo emazuva ose nevafambisi vezvikepe vanotanga kuuya kune tavern?
Zvose zviri pasi pekucheka. Asi ngatiendei muhurongwa.
1. Kugumira uye fungidziro
Zvese zviri pamusoro zvinongoshanda kune hukama dhatabhesi. Mhedzisiro ye denormalization muchimiro chekugadzirisa, kudzima, uye kuisa anomalies, ayo akafukidzwa zvakanaka, kusanganisira paInternet, haana kutariswa. Kunze kwechikamu chechinyorwa ichi pane zviitiko apo denormalization inzvimbo yakajairika, ine mienzaniso yekare: pasipoti yakatevedzana uye nhamba, zuva uye nguva, nezvimwe.
Iyo positi inoshandisa intuitive uye inoshanda tsananguro yeakajairwa mafomu, pasina kutaurwa nezvemasvomhu mazwi. Muchimiro chavanogona kushandiswa pakuongorora kwechokwadi bhizinesi maitiro (BP) uye dhizaini yemaindasitiri software.
Zvinopokana kuti dhizaini yekuchengetera data, maturusi ekubika uye zvibvumirano zvekubatanidza (izvo zvinoshandisa tabular inomiririra yeruzivo) inosiyana nedhizaini yeERP system dhatabhesi mukureruka kwekushandisa uye kushandiswa kwekuziva denormalization kuti zviitike zvinogona kutora pamberi pekuvimbika. kuchengetedza data. Ini ndinogovera iyi pfungwa, uye izvo zvinotsanangurwa pazasi zvinoshanda chete kune master data uye transaction data modhi yeERP masisitimu.
Tsananguro yemafomu akajairwa inopiwa pachishandiswa muenzaniso unonzwisisika padanho remazuva ese kuvaverengi vakawanda. Zvisinei, somufananidzo unooneka, mundima 4-5, basa βrokufungidziraβ nemaune rakashandiswa noune. Kana iwe ukasaita izvi uye wotora imwe bhuku semuenzaniso, semuenzaniso, iyo imwechete yekuchengetera modhi kubva padanho rechipiri, unogona kuzviwana uri mumamiriro ezvinhu apo kutarisa kwemuverengi kuchabviswa kubva pakuora kwakarongwa kwemaitiro kuita modhi. kune ruzivo rwemunhu uye maonero ekuti maitiro uye mamodheru ekuchengetedza data muIS anofanira kuvakwa sei. Mune mamwe mazwi, tora vaviri vane hunyanzvi hweIT vaongorori, mumwe ngaape masevhisi kune vanotakura zvinhu vanotakura vafambi, imwe kune logisticians inotakura michina yekugadzira mamicrochips. Vabvunze, pasina kukurukura maBP otomatiki pachine nguva, kuti vagadzire modhi yedata yekuchengetedza ruzivo nezverwendo rwenjanji.
Pane mukana usiri-zero wekuti mumhando dzakarongwa iwe haungowani chete hunhu hwakasiyana-siyana, asiwo akasiyana-siyana emasangano, nekuti muongorori wega wega achavimba nemaitiro uye mabasa aanoziva kwaari. Uye mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro hazvibviri kutaura kuti ndeupi muenzaniso "wakarurama", nokuti hapana chiyero chekuongorora.
2. Mafomu akajairika
Yekutanga yakajairika fomu yedatabase inoda atomicity yezvese hunhu.
Kunyanya, kana chinhu A chine hunhu husiri-kiyi a uye b, zvekuti c=f(a,b) uye mutafura inotsanangura chinhu A unochengeta kukosha kwehunhu c, ipapo yekutanga fomu yakajairika inotyorwa mudhatabhesi. . Semuyenzaniso, kana kurongeka kunoratidza huwandu, zviyero zvekuyera zvinoenderana nerudzi rwechigadzirwa: mune imwe nyaya inogona kuita zvidimbu, mune imwe malita, mune yechitatu mapakeji ane zvidimbu (mumuenzaniso uri pamusoro peGood_count_WR) , ipapo atomicity yehunhu inotyorwa mudhatabhesi. Muchiitiko ichi, kuitira kuti utaure kuti tafura yetafura yezvinyorwa zvekuraira inofanira kuva yei, unoda tsananguro yakanangwa yebasa rekuita muIS, uye sezvo maitiro acho anogona kunge akasiyana, panogona kuva neshanduro dzakawanda "dzakarurama".
Yechipiri yakajairika fomu yedatabase inoda kutevedzera fomu yekutanga uye tafura yayo yega yega yega ine chekuita nebasa muIS. Kana mune imwe tafura mune zvinotsamira c=f1(a) uye d=f2(b) uye pasina kutsamira c=f3(b), ipapo yechipiri yakajairika fomu inotyorwa mutafura. Mumuenzaniso uri pamusoro, hapana kutsamira pakati pekurongeka nekero mutafura yeOdha. Shandura mugwagwa kana zita reguta uye hauzove nemhedzisiro pane akakosha eiyo odha.
Yechitatu yakajairika fomu database zvinoda kutevedzwa nechimiro chechipiri chenguva dzose uye kusavapo kwezvinotsamira pakushanda pakati pehunhu hwemasangano akasiyana. Mutemo uyu unogona kuumbwa sezvinotevera: "zvose zvinogona kuverengwa zvinofanira kuverengwa." Nemamwe manzwi, kana paine zvinhu zviviri A uye B. Mutafura inochengeta hunhu hwechinhu A, hunhu C hunoratidzwa, uye chinhu B chine hunhu b, zvekuti c=f4(b) chiripo, kozoita chimiro chechitatu chenguva dzose. inotyorwa. Mumuenzaniso uri pazasi, Huwandi hweZvimedu hunhu (Total_count_WR) pane rekodhi rekodhi rinonyatsotaura kuti rinotyora fomu rechitatu rakajairika.
3. Maitiro angu ekushandisa normalization
1. Chete chinangwa che automated business process chinogona kupa muongorori nzira yekuziva masangano uye hunhu paunenge uchigadzira data rekuchengetedza modhi. Kugadzira modhi yemaitiro chinhu chinodiwa pakugadzira yakajairika data modhi.
2. Kuwana fomu yechitatu yakajairika nenzira yakasimba kungave kusingashande mukuita chaiko kwekugadzira masisitimu eERP kana mamwe kana ese anotevera mamiriro akazadzikiswa:
- otomatiki maitiro haawanzo kuchinjika,
- mazuva ekupedzisira ekutsvagisa nekusimudzira akaomesesa,
- zvinodikanwa zvekuvimbika kwedata zvakadzikira (zvikanganiso zvinogona kuitika mumaindasitiri software hazvitungamiriri mukurasikirwa nemari kana vatengi nemutengi wesoftware)
- uye zvakadaro.
Pasi pemamiriro akatsanangurwa, mari yekuziva uye kutsanangura mararamiro ezvimwe zvinhu uye maitiro avo angave asina kururamiswa kubva pakuona kwehutano hwehupfumi.
3. Chero mhedzisiro yedenormalization yemuenzaniso wedata mune yakatogadzirwa IS inogona kudzikiswa nekunyatsoongorora kwekutanga kwekodhi uye kuyedzwa.
4. Denormalization inzira yekuendesa mari yevashandi kubva padanho rekutsvaga zvinyorwa zve data uye kugadzira bhizinesi rekuita kusvika padanho rekusimudzira, kubva panguva yekuitwa kusvika panguva yekuvandudza system.
5. Zvinokurudzirwa kuedza yechitatu fomu yakajairika yedatabase kana:
- Iyo nzira yekuchinja mune otomatiki bhizinesi maitiro inonetsa kufanotaura
- Pane kupatsanurwa kusina simba kwevashandi mukati mekuita uye/kana timu yebudiriro
- Masisitimu anosanganisirwa mudunhu rekubatanidza anokura zvinoenderana nezvirongwa zvavo
- Kusawirirana kwedata kunogona kuita kuti kambani irasikirwe nevatengi kana mari
6. Kugadzirwa kwemuenzaniso we data kunofanira kuitwa nemuongorori chete maererano nemhando dzechinangwa chebhizimisi uye nzira iri muIS. Kana mugadziri ari kugadzira data modhi, anozozvinyudza muchikamu chenyaya kusvika padanho rekuti, kunyanya, anonzwisisa mutsauko pakati pehunhu hwehunhu - mamiriro anodiwa ekuparadzanisa hunhu hweatomu. Nokudaro, kutora mabasa asina kujairika.
4 Dambudziko rekuenzanisira
Ngatitii mune diki robhoti tavern pachiteshi. Chikamu chako chemusika: vafambisi vezvikepe nevapambi vanouya muchiteshi uye vanoda kuzorora. Iwe unotengesa tii ine thyme kuvafambisi vezvikepe, uye ramu nemizinga yemapfupa yekukama ndebvu kumakororo. Iyo sevhisi mu tavern pachayo inopihwa nerobhoti hostess uye robhoti bartender. Nekuda kwemhando yako yepamusoro nemitengo yakaderera, wadzinga vakwikwidzi vako, zvekuti munhu wese ari kubva muchikepe auye ku tavern yako, iyo ndiyo yega iri pachiteshi.
Iyo tavern information system yakaoma ine inotevera software:
- Yekutanga yambiro pamusoro pemutengi inoziva chikamu chayo zvichienderana nehunhu
- Kudzora sisitimu yemarobhoti hostesses uye marobhoti bartenders
- Warehouse uye yekuendesa manejimendi system kunzvimbo yekutengesa
- Supplier Relationship Management System (SURP)
Nzira:
Nzira yekutanga yekunyevera inoziva vanhu vari kubuda muchikepe. Kana munhu akaveurwa zvakanaka, anomuzivisa semutyairi wengarava; kana munhu akawanikwa aine ndebvu, anobva azivikanwa semuparadzi.
Achipinda mutavern, muenzi anonzwa kwaziso kubva kumugadziri wemarobhoti zvinoenderana nechikamu chake, semuenzaniso: "Ho-ho-ho, mudiwa muparadzi, enda kutafura Nha...."
Muenzi anoenda kune tafura yakatsanangurwa, apo robot bartender yakatomugadzirira zvinhu maererano neboka. Iyo robhoti bartender inoendesa ruzivo kune yekuchengetera sisitimu kuti chikamu chinotevera chekutakura chinofanira kuwedzerwa; imba yekuchengetera IS, zvichibva pamasara asara mukuchengetedza, inogadzira chikumbiro chekutenga mune manejimendi system.
Kunyange iyo yekutanga yambiro sisitimu inogona kunge yakagadziridzwa neyako yemukati IT, iyo bar robhoti manejimendi chirongwa chinogona kunge chakagadzirwa nekunze kontrakta zvakanangana nebhizinesi rako. Uye masisitimu ekugadzirisa matura uye hukama nevashambadziri akagadziridzwa mapaketi mhinduro kubva kumusika.
5. Mienzaniso ye denormalization uye maitiro ayo pakuvandudza software
Pakuronga maitirwo ebhizimisi, nyanzvi dzenyaya dzakabvunzurudzwa dzakabvumirana kuti munyika yose makororo anonwa ramu uye anokama ndebvu dzavo nemizinga yemapfupa, uye vafambisi vengarava vanonwa tii ine thyme uye vanogara vakagera.
Dhairekitori remhando dzevatengi rinoonekwa riine maitiro maviri: 1 - Pirates, 2 - vafambisi vezvikepe, vakajairika kune yese ruzivo redunhu rekambani.
Iyo mutengi yekuzivisa sisitimu inochengetedza mhedzisiro yekugadziriswa kwemifananidzo sechiziviso (ID) yemutengi anozivikanwa uye mhando yayo: mutyairi wechikepe kana pirate.
Kuzivikanwa chinhu ID
Client category
100500
Pirate
100501
Pirate
100502
Sailor
Ngationei zvakare izvozvo
1. Vafambisi vedu vengarava vanhu vakaveurwa
2. Makororo edu vanhu vendebvu chaivo
Ndeapi matambudziko munyaya iyi anofanirwa kubviswa kuitira kuti chimiro chedu chivavarire fomu rechitatu rakajairwa:
- attribute atomicity kutyorwa - Client Category
- kusanganisa chokwadi chakaongororwa uye mhedziso mune imwe tafura
- yakagadziriswa hukama hwekushanda pakati pehunhu hwemasangano akasiyana.
Mune fomu yakajairwa, taizowana matafura maviri:
- kucherechedzwa kunoguma muchimiro cheseti yezvinhu zvakasimbiswa,
Kuzivikanwa chinhu ID
Ndebvu
100500
kuti
100501
kuti
100502
kwete
- mhedzisiro yekuona rudzi rwemutengi sekushandisa kweiyo logic yakadzikwa muIS kududzira hunhu hwakagadzwa.
Kuzivikanwa chinhu ID
Chitupa ID
Client category
100500
100001
Pirate
100501
100002
Pirate
100502
100003
Sailor
Iyo yakajairwa data yekuchengetedza sangano ingagonesa sei kusimudzira kweIP yakaoma? Ngatiti iwe unoerekana wawana vatengi vatsva. Ngazvive vapambi veJapan vangave vasina ndebvu, asi vanofamba neparrot pamapfudzi avo, uye makororo ezvakatipoteredza, unogona kuvaziva zviri nyore nemufananidzo webhuruu waGreta pachipfuva chekuruboshwe.
Makororo ezvakatipoteredza, sezvazviri, haakwanise kushandisa mizinga yemapfupa uye anoda analogue yakagadzirwa kubva kupurasitiki yegungwa yakadzokororwa.
Iwe unofanirwa kugadzirisa zvakare maalgorithms echirongwa zvinoenderana nezvinopinza. Kana iyo mitemo yakajairwa yakateverwa, saka iwe waizongo wedzera izvo zvinopinza kune mamwe maitirwo matavi mune mamwe masisitimu uye kugadzira matavi matsva chete kune iwo zviitiko uye mune iwo maIS ane basa rebvudzi rechiso. Asi, sezvo mitemo isina kuteverwa, iwe uchafanirwa kuongorora iyo kodhi yese, mukati medunhu rese, uko ukoshi hwemhando yemutengi dhairekitori inoshandiswa uye kujekesa zvakajeka kuti mune imwe nyaya algorithm inofanira kufunga nezvehunyanzvi. chiitiko chemutengi, uye mune mamwe maitiro emuviri.
Mune chimiro icho anotsvaka kuti tigadzirise, taizowana matafura maviri ane data rekushanda uye madhairekitori maviri:
- kucherechedzwa kunoguma muchimiro cheseti yezvinhu zvakasimbiswa,
Kuzivikanwa chinhu ID
Greta pachipfuva chekuruboshwe
Shiri pabendekete
Ndebvu
100510
1
1
1
100511
0
0
1
100512
1
0
- mhedzisiro yekusarudza rudzi rwemutengi (rega ive tsika yekuona umo tsananguro kubva kumadhairekitori inoratidzwa)
Ko iyo yakaonekwa denormalization zvinoreva here kuti masisitimu haagone kugadziridzwa kuti asangane nemamiriro matsva? Chokwadi kwete. Kana isu tichifungidzira kuti ruzivo rwese masisitimu akagadzirwa nechikwata chimwe chine zero yevashandi, zviitiko zvinonyatso nyorwa uye ruzivo rwunoendeswa mukati mechikwata pasina kurasikirwa, zvino shanduko dzinodiwa dzinogona kuitwa nekusaita zvishoma. Asi kana tikadzokera kumamiriro ekutanga edambudziko, 1,5 kiyibhodhi ichadzimwa chete kudhinda maprotocol ehurukuro dzakabatana uye imwe 0,5 yekugadzirisa maitiro ekutenga.
Mumuenzaniso wepamusoro, ese matatu akajairwa mafomu akatyorwa, ngatiedzei kutyora iwo zvakasiyana.
Kutyora fomu yekutanga yakajairika:
Ngatitii zvinhu zvinounzwa kuimba yako yekuchengetera kubva mudura revatengesi nekunhonga uchishandisa imwe 1.5-toni mhara iyo ndeye tavern yako. Hukuru hwemaodha ako idiki kwazvo maererano nekuchinja kwevatengesi zvekuti vanogara vachipedzwa mumwe-pane-mumwe pasina kumirira kugadzirwa. Iwe unoda matafura akaparadzana ane bhizinesi rakadaro maitiro: mota, mhando dzemota, zvakakosha here kuparadzanisa chirongwa uye chokwadi mumirairo yako kune vakaenda vatengesi?
Chimbofungidzira kuti vangani "vakawedzera" kubatanidza vagadziri vako vachazonyora kana iwe ukashandisa modhi iri pazasi kugadzira chirongwa.
Ngatiti isu takasarudza kuti chimiro chakarongwa chakaoma zvisina basa; mune yedu, kupatsanura hurongwa uye chokwadi mune rekodhi rekodhi ruzivo rusina ruzivo, uye iyo inogadzirwa kurongeka kunyorwa kunonyorwa patsva zvichienderana nemhedzisiro yekugamuchirwa kwezvinhu zvakasvika, zvisingawanzo zvikanganiso. -kugadzika uye kusvika kwezvinhu zvemhando isina kukwana zvinogadziriswa kunze kweIS.
Zvino rimwe zuva unoona kuti imba yese yetavern yakazadzwa sei nevapambi vakatsamwa uye vasina hunhu. Chii chaitika?
Zvinoitika kuti sezvo bhizinesi rako richikura, ndizvo zvakaitawo kushandisa kwako. Pane imwe nguva, sarudzo yehutungamiri yakaitwa kuti kana mhara yakanga yakawandisa muhuwandu uye / kana uremu, izvo zvaive zvisingawanzoitiki, mutengesi aizoisa mberi mutoro mukufarira zvinwiwa.
Zvinhu zvisina kuendeswa zvakaguma zvakarongeka uye zvakasiiwa nendege itsva; kuvapo kweiyo chiyero chidiki muimba yekuchengetera zvinhu patavern yakaita kuti zvibvirire kusaona nyaya dzakashaikwa.
Mukwikwidzi wekupedzisira akavharwa pachiteshi, uye nyaya yakaboorwa yemhara yakawandisa, yakapfuura nekuisa pamberi zvichienderana nekufungidzira kwekukwana kweiyo chiyero chidiki uye nguva nenguva kurodha pasi pemotokari, yakava tsika yakajairika. Iyo yakasikwa sisitimu inozoshanda zvinoenderana nema algorithms akaiswa mukati mayo uye ichanyimwa chero mukana wekutevera kutadza kwakarongeka kuzadzisa zvakarongwa. Chete mukurumbira wakakuvadzwa uye vatengi vasingagutsikane ndivo vachakwanisa kuona dambudziko.
Muverengi akanyatsoteerera anogona kunge aona kuti huwandu hwaakaodha muhurongwa hwemaodha (T_ORDER_SPEC) muchikamu 2 nechikamu 5 hunogona kana kusazadzisa zvinodiwa nefomu yekutanga yakajairika. Izvo zvese zvinoenderana nekuti, kupihwa yakasarudzwa assortment yezvinhu, zvakanyanya siyana zvikamu zvekuyera zvinogona kuwira mumunda mumwe chete.
Kutyorwa kwefomu yechipiri yakajairika:
Sezvo zvido zvako zvichikura, unotenga dzinoverengeka mota dzemhando dzakasiyana. Muchirevo chepamusoro, kusikwa kwedhairekitori remotokari kwaionekwa sekusina basa; semhedzisiro, ese ekugadzirisa data algorithms anoshandira zvinodiwa pakuunza uye dura rinoona mafambiro emutoro kubva kumutengesi kuenda kuimba yekuchengetera sekubhururuka kweiyo chete 1,5-ton. mhara. Saka, pamwe nekutenga mota nyowani, iwe uchiri kugadzira dhairekitori remotokari, asi kana wapedza, uchafanirwa kuongorora kodhi yese inoreva mafambiro emutoro kuti uone kana mune imwe neimwe nzvimbo mareferensi anoratidzwa kune hunhu. yemotokari chaiyo yakatanga bhizinesi.
Kutyora fomu rechitatu rakajairika:
Pane imwe nguva iwe unotanga kugadzira chirongwa chekuvimbika, rekodhi yemutengi wenguva dzose inooneka. Sei, semuenzaniso, uchipedza nguva uchigadzira maonero ezvinyorwa anochengeta data rakaunganidzwa pakutengesa kune mumwe mutengi kuti ashandise mukushuma uye kuendesa kune analytical masisitimu, kana pakutanga kwechirongwa chekuvimbika zvese zvinofarirwa nemutengi zvinogona kuiswa parekodhi yemutengi. ? Uye, zvechokwadi, pakutanga kuona, hapana chikonzero. Asi nguva imwe neimwe bhizinesi rako rinobatanidza, semuenzaniso, nzira itsva dzekutengesa, panofanira kunge paine mumwe munhu pakati pevaongorori vako vanozorangarira kuti hunhu hwakadaro huripo.
Paunenge uchigadzira imwe neimwe nzira itsva, semuenzaniso, kutengesa paInternet, kutengesa kuburikidza nevanogovera vanobatanidza kune imwe nzira yekuvimbika, mumwe munhu anofanira kuyeuka kuti maitiro matsva anofanira kuvimbisa kutendeseka kwedata pachiyero chekodhi. Kune dhatabhesi yeindasitiri ine chiuru chetafura, izvi zvinoita sechinhu chisingagoneke.
Mugadziri ane ruzivo, hongu, anoziva nzira yekumisa matambudziko ose ataurwa pamusoro apa, asi, mumaonero angu, basa remuongorori ane ruzivo harisi kuvaunza pachena.
Ndinoda kuratidza kutenda kwangu kumutungamiri anotungamira Evgeniy Yarukhin nokuda kwemhinduro yake inokosha panguva yekugadzirira kubudiswa.
Literature
Connolly Thomas, Begg Caroline. Database. Kugadzira, kuita uye kutsigirwa. Dzidziso uye maitiro
Source: www.habr.com