Makore akati wandei apfuura, imwe nyanzvi itsva, DevOps injiniya, yakaonekwa muIT. Yakakurumidza kuva imwe yevakakurumbira uye inodiwa pamusika. Asi heino gangaidzo - chikamu chekuzivikanwa kweDevOps chinotsanangurwa nenyaya yekuti makambani anohaya nyanzvi dzakadaro anowanzo kuvhiringidza ivo nevamiriri vemamwe mabasa.
Ichi chinyorwa chakatsaurirwa kuongororwa kweiyo nuances yeDevOps basa, chinzvimbo chiripo mumusika uye tarisiro. Takafunga nyaya iyi yakaoma tichibatsirwa naDean pa online yunivhesiti GeekUniversity naDmitry Burkovsky.
Saka chii chinonzi DevOps?
Izwi iro pacharo rinomirira Development Operations. Izvi hazvisi zvakanyanya hunyanzvi senzira yekuronga basa mukambani yepakati kana yakakura kana uchigadzira chigadzirwa kana sevhisi. Ichokwadi ndechokuti madhipatimendi akasiyana-siyana ekambani imwe chete anobatanidzwa mukugadzirira, uye zviito zvavo hazvisi nguva dzose zvakanyatsorongeka.
Saka, vanogadzira, semuenzaniso, havawanzoziva kuti ndeapi matambudziko ane vashandisi pavanenge vachishanda nechirongwa chakaburitswa kana sevhisi. Tsigiro yehunyanzvi inoziva zvese zvakakwana, asi vangave vasingazive zviri "mukati" software. Uye heino mainjiniya eDevOps anouya kuzonunura, achibatsira kuronga maitiro ekusimudzira, kusimudzira maitiro otomatiki, nekuvandudza kwavo pachena.
Pfungwa yeDevOps inobatanidza vanhu, maitiro uye maturusi.
Chii chinofanira kuziva injiniya weDevOps uye kukwanisa kuita?
Sekureva kwemumwe wevateveri vane mukurumbira weiyo DevOps pfungwa, Joe Sanchez, mumiriri weiyo hunyanzvi anofanirwa kuve nekunzwisisa kwakanaka kwemanuances eiyo pfungwa pachayo, ane ruzivo mukutonga ese maWindows neLinux masisitimu, kunzwisisa chirongwa kodhi yakanyorwa zvakasiyana. mitauro, uye shanda muChef, Puppet, uye Ansible. Zviri pachena kuti kupatsanura kodhi iwe unofanirwa kuziva akati wandei mitauro yekuronga, uye kwete kungoziva chete, asiwo kuve neruzivo rwebudiriro. Ruzivo mukuyedza zvigadzirwa zvesoftware zvakapedzwa uye masevhisi zvakare inodiwa zvakanyanya.
Asi izvi zvakanaka; havasi vese mumiriri weiyo IT munda ane iyi nhanho yeruzivo uye ruzivo. Heino seti yehushoma ruzivo uye ruzivo runodiwa kune yakanaka DevOps:
- OS GNU/Linux, Windows.
- Kanenge 1 programming mutauro (Python, Go, Ruby).
- Iyo shell scripting mutauro ndeye bash yeLinux uye powershell yeWindows.
- Shanduro yekudzora system - Git.
- Configuration manejimendi masisitimu (Ansible, Puppet, Chef).
- Inenge imwe mudziyo orchestration chikuva (Kubernetes, Docker Swarm, Apache Mesos, Amazon EC2 Container Service, Microsoft Azure Container Service).
- Kugona kushanda nevanopa makore (semuenzaniso: AWS, GCP, Azure, nezvimwewo) uchishandisa Terraform, ziva kuti application inoiswa sei kune gore.
- Kugona kumisikidza CI/CD pombi (Jenkins, GitLab), ELK stack, yekutarisa masisitimu (Zabbix, Prometheus).
Uye heino rondedzero yehunyanzvi iyo DevOps nyanzvi dzinowanzo ratidza paHabr Basa.
Pamusoro pezvo, nyanzvi yeDevOps inofanirwa kunzwisisa zvinodikanwa uye zvinodiwa nebhizinesi, kuona basa rayo mukuvandudza maitiro uye kugona kuvaka maitiro uchifunga zvinofarirwa nemutengi.
Zvakadini nechikumbaridzo chekupinda?
Hazvisi pasina kuti runyoro rweruzivo uye ruzivo rwakaratidzwa pamusoro apa. Zvino zvave nyore kunzwisisa kuti ndiani anogona kuve nyanzvi yeDevOps. Zvinoitika kuti nzira iri nyore yekuchinja kune iyi hunyanzvi ndeyevamiriri vemamwe mahunyanzvi eIT, kunyanya vatariri vehurongwa nevagadziri. Zvose zviri zviviri zvinogona kukurumidza kuwedzera huwandu husina ruzivo uye ruzivo. Ivo vatova nehafu yezvinodiwa seti, uye kazhinji inopfuura hafu.
Ma testers anoitawo akanakisa DevOps mainjiniya. Vanoziva chinoshanda uye kuti chinoshanda sei, ivo vanoziva zvikanganiso uye zvikanganiso zvesoftware uye hardware. Tinogona kutaura kuti muedzi anoziva mitauro yekuronga uye anoziva kunyora zvirongwa ndeye DevOps pasina maminetsi mashanu.
Asi zvichanetsa kune mumiriri weasiri tekinoroji hunyanzvi uyo asina kumbobvira aita nekusimudzira kana system management. Ehe, hapana chisingagoneki, asi vanotanga vachiri kufanira kuongorora zvakakwana masimba avo. Zvinotora nguva yakawanda kuti uwane "mutoro" unodiwa.
DevOps ingawanepi basa?
Kukambani hombe iyo basa rayo rakanangana kana zvisina kunanga nekuvandudza kwekushandisa uye kutonga kwehardware. Kushomeka kukuru kweinjiniya dzeDevOps kuri mumakambani anopa huwandu hukuru hwesevhisi kugumisa vatengi. Aya mabhangi, telecom operators, makuru Internet vanopa, nezvimwe. Pakati pemakambani ari kushingaira kuhaya mainjiniya eDevOps ndiGoogle, Facebook, Amazon, uye Adobe.
Kutanga nemabhizinesi madiki ari kuitawo maDevOps, asi kune mazhinji emakambani aya, kukoka mainjiniya eDevOps ndeye fadhi pane kudikanwa chaiko. Hongu, pane zvisizvo, asi hapana akawanda acho. Makambani maduku anoda, panzvimbo pezvo, βmuSwiss, mucheki, uye anoridza pombi,β ndiko kuti, munhu anokwanisa kushanda munzvimbo dzinoverengeka. Nzvimbo yakanaka yesevhisi inogona kubata zvese izvi. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti kumhanya kwebasa kwakakosha kumabhizinesi madiki; optimization yemaitiro ebasa kwakakosha kumabhizinesi epakati uye makuru.
Heano mamwe mabasa (unogona kutevera matsva paHabr Career pa ):
DevOps muhoro muRussia nepasirese
MuRussia, muhoro wepakati weinjiniya weDevOps ungangoita 132 zviuru rubles pamwedzi. Aya ndiwo maverengero emuhoro Calculator yeHabr Career service, yakagadzirwa pahwaro hwezana nemakumi manomwe emibvunzo yehafu yechipiri ye170. Ehe, sampu yacho haina kukura zvakadaro, asi yakakodzera se "avhareji tembiricha muchipatara."
Kune mihoro muhuwandu hwe250 zviuru zveRubles, pane zviuru makumi masere uye zvishoma zvishoma. Izvo zvese zvinoenderana nekambani, zvikwaniriso uye nyanzvi pachake, hongu.
Kana dziri dzimwe nyika, nhamba dzemihoro dzinozivikanwawo. Stack Overflow nyanzvi dzakaita basa rakanaka, kuongorora maprofiles evanhu vangangosvika zviuru makumi mapfumbamwe - kwete chete DevOps, asiwo vamiriri vehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi mune zvakajairika. Zvakazoitika kuti Injiniya Maneja uye DevOps vanogashira zvakanyanya.
Injiniya yeDevOps anowana mari inosvika zviuru makumi manomwe neshanu zvemadhora pagore. Zvinoenderana neruzivo Ziprecruiter.com, muhoro wenyanzvi mune iyi ndima unotangira pamadhora zviuru makumi masere nematanhatu pagore. Zvakanaka, sevhisi yePayscale.com inoratidza dzimwe nhamba dzinofadza ziso - muhoro wepakati wenyanzvi yeDevOps, maererano nesevhisi, inodarika zviuru zvemadhora zviuru makumi mapfumbamwe neshanu. kuwana $71 zviuru.
Semhedziso, zvakakodzera kutaura kuti kudiwa kweDevOps kuri kukura zvishoma nezvishoma; kudiwa kwenyanzvi dzechero nhanho kunodarika kupihwa. Saka kana uchida, iwe unogona kuzviedza iwe munzvimbo ino. Chokwadi, tinofanira kuyeuka kuti chido choga hachina kukwana. Iwe unofanirwa kugara uchikudziridza, kudzidza uye kushanda.
Source: www.habr.com