Munguva ichangopfuura, kushambadza kwakadaro kwakazara paIndaneti. Pasinei nemuhoro unofadza, munhu haagoni kuita asi kunyara kuti nhema dzomusango dzakanyorwa mukati. Pakutanga zvinofungidzirwa kuti "DevOps" uye "injiniya" neimwe nzira inogona kubatanidzwa mune rimwe izwi, uyezve pane yakasarudzika rondedzero yezvinodiwa, mamwe acho akateedzerwa zvakajeka kubva kune sysadmin vacancy.
Muchinyorwa ichi ndinoda kutaura zvishoma nezvekuti takasvika sei padanho rino rehupenyu, kuti DevOps chii chaizvo uye zvekuita nazvo izvozvi.
Nzvimbo dzakadaro dzinogona kushorwa munzira dzese, asi chokwadi chinoramba chiripo: kune mazhinji acho, uye iyi ndiyo mashandiro anoita musika panguva ino. Takaita musangano we devops uye tikataura pachena kuti: “ - kwete yeDevOps mainjiniya." Izvi zvinozoita sezvisinganzwisisike uye zvikara kune vakawanda: nei vanhu vari kuita chiitiko chekutengesa zvachose vachipesana nemusika. Zvino tichatsanangura zvose.
Nezve tsika nemaitiro
Ngatitangei nenyaya yekuti DevOps haisi chirango cheinjiniya. Izvo zvese zvakatanga nenyaya yekuti kupatsanurwa kwemabasa kwakamiswa kare hakushandi kumhando yezvigadzirwa. Kana vagadziri vepurogiramu chete, asi vasingade kunzwa chero chinhu nezvekuyedzwa, software yacho yakazara nebugs. Kana maadmins asina basa kuti sei kana kuti nei software yakanyorwa, tsigiro inoshanduka kuita gehena.
Semuenzaniso, kutsanangura mutsauko uripo pakati pemaneja system uye SRE maitiro ekutarisira masevhisi . Zvidzidzo zvinofadza zvakaitwa mukati - zviri pachena kuti vanogadzira vakanyanya neimwe nzira vanogona kuendesa shanduko nyowani mukugadzira nekukurumidza kupfuura kamwe paawa. Vanoedza nemaoko avo kwete kupfuura 10% (izvi zvinogona kuonekwa kubva ) Vanozviita sei? “Excel or die” unodaro mumwe wemisoro yemishumo. Kuti uwane kukurukurwa kwakadzama kwezviverengero izvi mumamiriro ekuyedzwa, unogona kutarisa kune yakakosha yeBharuki Sadogursky. kune mumwe musangano wedu, Heisenbug.
“Kana pasina kuwirirana pakati pehama.
Zvinhu hazvina kuvafambira zvakanaka,
Uye hapana chichabuda mairi, chete kurwadzisa.
Pane imwe nguva Swan, Crayfish uye Pike ... "
Ndeipi chikamu chemawebhu programmers chaunofunga kuti chinonyatso nzwisisa mamiriro ayo maapplication avo anoshandiswa mukugadzira? Vangani vavo vachaenda kuma admins voedza kufunga kuti chii chichaitika kana database yaparara? Uye ndeupi wavo achaenda kuma testers ovakumbira kuti vadzidzise kunyora bvunzo nemazvo? Uye kune zvakare varindi vekuchengetedza, mamaneja ezvigadzirwa, uye boka revamwe vanhu.
Pfungwa yese yeDevOps ndeyekugadzira kubatana pakati pemabasa nemadhipatimendi. Chekutanga pane zvese, izvi zvinowanikwa kwete neimwe software yakagadziridzwa zvine hungwaru, asi netsika yekutaurirana. DevOps ndeye tsika, maitiro, maitiro uye maitiro. Iko hakuna hunyanzvi hweinjiniya hunogona kupindura iyi mibvunzo.
Denderedzwa rinotyisa
Kurangwa kwe "devops engineering" kwakabva kupi? Tine shanduro! Mazano eDevOps aive akanaka-akanaka zvekuti vakave vanyajambwa vekubudirira kwavo. Vamwe vanyori vane mumvuri nevanotengesa vanhu, vane mhepo yavo, vakatanga kutenderera ichitenderedza musoro wenyaya.
Fungidzira: zuro iwe waiita shawarma muKhimki, uye nhasi iwe watova murume mukuru, mukuru wekutsvaga. Pane maitiro ese ekutsvaga nekusarudza vavhoti, zvese hazvisi nyore, unofanirwa kunzwisisa. Ngatitii mukuru wedhipatimendi anoti: tsvaga nyanzvi mu X. Tinopa shoko rokuti "injiniya" ku X, uye tapedza. Unoda Linux? Zvakanaka, iyi zvirokwazvo injinjini yeLinux, kana iwe uchida DevOps, wobva waita mainjiniya weDevOps. Iyo vacancy haingori yezita chete, asiwo mamwe mavara anofanira kuiswa mukati. Nzira iri nyore ndeyekuisa seti yemazwi akakosha kubva kuGoogle, zvichienderana nemafungiro ako. DevOps ine mazwi maviri - "Dev" uye "Ops", zvinoreva kuti tinoda kunama pamwe chete mazwi akakosha ane hukama nevagadziri uye maneja, ese kuita murwi mumwe. Aya ndiwo maitiro anoita vacancies nezve hunyanzvi mumitauro makumi mana nembiri yekuronga uye makore makumi maviri ekushandisa Kubernetes uye Swarm panguva imwe chete. Dhiyagiramu yekushanda.
Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo mufananidzo usina maturo uye usina tsitsi weimwe "devops" superhero wakadzika midzi mupfungwa dzevanhu, uyo achagadzirisa munhu wese kuti aende kuJenkins, uye mufaro uchauya. Oo, dai zvese zvaive zviri nyore. "Uye ndiwo maitiro aunokwanisa kuvhima vatariri vehurongwa," anofunga HR, "izwi rine fashoni, mazwi akakosha akafanana, vanofanirwa kutora chirauro."
Kudiwa kunogadzira kuwanikwa, uye ese aya mabasa emarara akazadzwa nenhamba inopenga yevatariri vehurongwa vakaziva: unogona kuita zvese zvakafanana nepakutanga, asi uwane kakawanda nekuzvidaidza kuti "devops." Sezvawakagadzirisa maseva kuburikidza neSSH nemaoko imwe panguva, iwe ucharamba uchivagadzirisa, asi ikozvino iyi inonzi itsika ye devops. Iyi ndeimwe mhando yechiitiko chakaomarara, chimwe chine chekuita nekudzikisira kwevakuru vakuru uye hype yakatenderedza DevOps, asi kazhinji, zvakaitika, zvakaitika.
Saka tine zvekushandisa uye zvinodiwa. Denderedzwa rakashata rinozvidyisa. Izvi ndizvo zvatiri kurwisa (kusanganisira nekugadzira iyo DevOops musangano).
Ehezve, kunze kweiyo system administrator vakazvitumidza zita rekuti "devops," kune vamwe vatori vechikamu - semuenzaniso, nyanzvi dzeSRE kana Infrastructure-as-Code vanogadzira.
Zvinoitwa nevanhu muDevOps (chaizvo)
Saka iwe unoda kuenderera mberi mukudzidza nekushandisa DevOps maitiro. Asi kuti ungaita sei izvi, uchitarisa munzira ipi? Zviripachena, haufanirwe kuvimba neupofu pamashoko akakurumbira.
Kana pane basa, mumwe munhu anofanira kuriita. Isu takatoona kuti aya haasi "devops mainjiniya", zvino ndivanaani? Zvinoita sedzakanyanya kunaka kugadzira izvi kwete maererano nezvinzvimbo, asi maererano nenzvimbo dzakananga dzebasa.
Kutanga, iwe unogona kugadzirisa mwoyo weDevOps-maitiro uye tsika. Tsika ibhizinesi rinononoka uye rakaoma, uye kunyangwe chiri chinyakare basa remaneja, munhu wese anobatanidzwa neimwe nzira, kubva kune vanogadzira mapurogiramu kusvika kune maneja. Mwedzi mishoma yapfuura Tim Lister :
"Tsika inotemerwa neiyo yakakosha kukosha kwesangano. Kazhinji vanhu havaone izvi, asi tashanda mukubvunzana kwemakore akawanda, tajaira kuzviona. Iwe unopinda mukambani uye chaizvo mukati memaminitsi mashoma unotanga kunzwa zviri kuitika. Izvi tinozvidaidza kuti "flavour". Dzimwe nguva munhuwi uyu wakanaka chaizvo. Dzimwe nguva zvinokonzeresa kusvotwa. (...) Iwe haugone kushandura tsika kudzamara ukoshi uye zvinotendwa kumashure kwezviito zvakanzwisiswa. Hunhu huri nyore kuona, asi kutsvaga zvaunotenda kwakaoma. DevOps ingori muenzaniso wakanaka wekuti zvinhu zviri kuwedzera kuoma sei. "
Kune zvakare chikamu chehunyanzvi chenyaya, hongu. Kana kodhi yako nyowani ikaedzwa mumwedzi, asi inoburitswa gore gare gare, uye hazvigoneke mumuviri kuimhanyisa zvese, haugone kurarama zvinoenderana nemaitiro akanaka. Maitiro akanaka anotsigirwa nemidziyo yakanaka. Semuenzaniso, uine pfungwa yeInfrastructure-se-Code mupfungwa, unogona kushandisa chero chinhu kubva kuAWS CloudFormation uye Terraform kuenda kuChef-Ansible-Puppet. Iwe unofanirwa kuziva uye kugona kuita zvese izvi, uye ichi chatove chirango cheinjiniya. Izvo zvakakosha kuti usakanganise chikonzero nemhedzisiro: kutanga iwe unoshanda zvinoenderana nemisimboti yeSRE uye wobva waita aya masimboti nenzira yeimwe chaiyo tekinoroji mhinduro. Panguva imwecheteyo, SRE inzira yakazara kwazvo isingakuudze nzira yekumisikidza Jenkins, asi nezvemisimboti mishanu:
- Kukurukurirana kwakavandudzwa pakati pemabasa nemadhipatimendi
- Kugamuchira zvikanganiso sechikamu chakakosha chebasa
- Kuita shanduko zvishoma nezvishoma
- Kushandisa tooling uye mamwe otomatiki
- Kuyera zvese zvinogona kuyerwa
Izvi hazvisi zvimwe chete seti yezvirevo, asi zvakanangana . Semuenzaniso, munzira yekugamuchira zvikanganiso, iwe uchafanirwa kunzwisisa njodzi, kuyera kuwanikwa uye kusavapo kwesevhisi uchishandisa chimwe chinhu chakaita seSLI () uye SLO (), dzidza kunyora postmortems uye kuita kuti kunyora kusatyise.
Muchirango cheSRE, kushandiswa kwemidziyo inongova chikamu chimwe chebudiriro, kunyangwe chakakosha. Isu tinofanirwa kugara tichigadzira tekinoroji, kutarisa zviri kuitika munyika uye kuti zvingaitwe sei mubasa redu.
Nekudaro, Cloud Native mhinduro dzave dzakakurumbira kwazvo. Sezvinotsanangurwa neCloud Native Computing Foundation nhasi, Cloud Native matekinoroji anoita kuti masangano agadzire uye amhanye maapplication akashata munzvimbo dzanhasi dzakasimba, dzakadai seruzhinji, zvakavanzika, uye makore akasanganiswa. Mienzaniso inosanganisira midziyo, masevhisi meshes, microservices, isingachinjiki zvivakwa, uye declarative APIs. Ese aya matekiniki anobvumira zvakasununguka zvakabatanidzwa masisitimu kuti arambe ari elastic, anodzoreka, uye achinyanya kucherechedzwa. Yakanaka otomatiki inobvumira mainjiniya kuita shanduko hombe kazhinji uye nemhedzisiro inofungidzira pasina kuita basa. Zvese izvi zvinotsigirwa nemurwi wezvishandiso zvinozivikanwa zvakadai seDocker uye Kubernetes.
Iyi tsananguro yakaoma uye yakafara imhaka yekuti nzvimbo yacho zvakare yakaoma. Kune rimwe divi, zvinopokana kuti shanduko itsva kune ino system inofanirwa kuwedzerwa zvakapusa. Nekune rimwe divi, kuona maitiro ekugadzira mhando yenzvimbo yakasungirirwa umo masevhisi akabatana anogara pane software-yakatsanangurwa zvivakwa uye inounzwa ipapo uchishandisa inoenderera CI/CD, uye kuvaka DevOps maitiro akatenderedza zvese izvi - zvese izvi zvinoda zvimwe. kupfuura munhu anodya imbwa.
Zvekuita zvese izvi
Wese munhu anogadzirisa aya matambudziko nenzira yake: semuenzaniso, unogona kushambadza zvakajairika mabasa kutyora denderedzwa rakashata. Iwe unogona kuona kuti ndeapi mazwi akadai seDevOps uye Cloud Native anoreva uye woashandisa nemazvo uye kusvika padanho. Iwe unogona kuvandudza muDevOps uye kuratidza nzira dzakakodzera nemuenzaniso wako.
Tiri kuita musangano , izvo zvinopa mukana wokunyatsoongorora zvinhu zvatichangobva kutaura nezvazvo. Kune akati wandei mapoka ezvinyorwa zveizvi:
- Maitiro uye tsika;
- Site Reliability Engineering;
- Cloud Native;
Ungasarudza sei kwekuenda? Pane pfungwa isina kujeka pano. Kune rimwe divi, DevOps ndeyekudyidzana, uye isu tinoda chaizvo kuti iwe uende kune mharidzo kubva kumabhuroki akasiyana. Kune rimwe divi, kana iwe uri maneja webudiriro akauya kumusangano kuzoisa pfungwa pane rimwe basa chairo, saka hapana anokumisa - zviri pachena, ichi chichava chivharo nezvemaitiro uye tsika. Usakanganwa kuti uchave uine zvakarekodhwa mushure memusangano (mushure mekuzadza fomu remhinduro), saka unogona kugara uchiona mharidzo dzisinganyanyi kukosha gare gare.
Zviripachena, pamusangano pachawo haugone kuenda pamatinji matatu kamwechete, saka isu tinoronga chirongwa nenzira yekuti nguva yega yega slot ine misoro yekuravira kwese.
Chasara ndechekuti unzwisise zvekuita kana uri injinjiniya yeDevOps! Kutanga, edza kuona zvaunonyatsoita. Kazhinji vanoda kudaidza izwi iri:
- Vagadziri vanoshanda pazvivakwa. Iwo mapoka emishumo nezve SRE uye Cloud Native akakukodzera iwe.
- Vatariri vehurongwa. Zvakanyanya kuoma apa. DevOops haisi yekutonga system. Sezvineiwo, kune akawanda akanakisa makonferensi, mabhuku, zvinyorwa, mavhidhiyo paInternet, nezvimwe pamusoro pechinyorwa chekutonga kwehurongwa. Kune rimwe divi, kana iwe uchida kuzvisimudzira iwe pachako maererano nekunzwisisa tsika nemaitiro, kudzidza nezve makore matekinoroji uye ruzivo rwehupenyu ne Cloud Native, saka isu tinoda kukuona! Funga nezveizvi: uri kuita manejimendi, uye zvino uchaitei? Kuti udzivise kungoerekana wazviwana uri mumamiriro ezvinhu asingafadzi, unofanira kudzidza zvino.
Pane imwe sarudzo: iwe unoenderera uye ramba uchitaura kuti uri kunyanya injinjiniya yeDevOps uye hapana chimwe, chero zvazvinoreva. Ipapo isu tinofanirwa kukuodza moyo, DevOops hausi musangano weDevOps mainjiniya!
Slide kubva muMunich
DevOops 2020 Moscow ichaitwa muna Kubvumbi 29-30 muMoscow, matikiti atovepo .
Neimwe nzira, unogona kusvika February 8. Ndokumbira utarise kuti kana uchizadza fomu, unofanirwa kusarudza vateereri vanozo batsirikana zvakanyanya kubva mushumo wako (pane chishamiso chakavigwa mukati merondedzero).
Source: www.habr.com