Nhanganyaya
Iyo yeruzivo sisitimu kubva pakuona kwemushandisi inotsanangurwa zvakanaka muGOST RV 51987 - "automated system, mhedzisiro yacho kuratidzwa kweruzivo rwekubuda kwekushandisa kunotevera." Kana tikafunga chimiro chemukati, saka muchidimbu chero IS ihurongwa hweakabatana algorithms akaiswa mukodhi. Mupfungwa yakafara yeTuring-Church thesis, algorithm (kana IS) inoshandura seti yedata rekuisa kuita seti yezvinobuda data.
Mumwe anogona kutotaura kuti kushandurwa kwedata rekuisa ndiyo chirevo chekuvapo kwehurongwa hweruzivo. Saizvozvo, kukosha kweIS uye iyo yese IS yakaoma inotarwa kuburikidza nekukosha kwekupinza uye kubuda data.
Zvichienderana neizvi, dhizaini inofanirwa kutanga uye inofambiswa nedata, kugadzirisa zvivakwa uye nzira kune chimiro uye kukosha kweiyo data.
Data yakachengetwa
Nhanho yakakosha mukugadzirira dhizaini kuwana hunhu hwese data seti yakarongerwa kugadzirisa uye kuchengetedza. Aya maitiro anosanganisira:
- Data volume;
-Ruzivo nezve kutenderera kwehupenyu hwe data (kukura kwe data nyowani, hupenyu hurefu, kugadzirisa kwe data rekare);
-Kukamurwa kwedata kubva pakuona kukanganisa pabhizinesi rekutanga rekambani (mutatu wekuvanzika, kutendeseka, kuwanikwa) pamwe nezviratidzo zvemari (semuenzaniso, mutengo wekurasikirwa nedata muawa yekupedzisira);
- Geography yedata processing (nzvimbo yemuviri yemasisitimu ekugadzirisa);
- Zvinodzora zvinodikanwa zvekirasi yega yega data (semuenzaniso, Federal Law-152, PCI DSS).
Information Systems
Dhiyabhorosi haisi kungochengetwa chete, asiwo inogadziriswa (inoshandurwa) nehurongwa hwemashoko. Nhanho inotevera mushure mekuwana iyo data hunhu ndiyo yakanyatso kuverengera yeruzivo masisitimu, maitiro ekuvaka, kudyidzana uye zvinodiwa zvezvivakwa mumayuniti akajairwa emhando ina dzezviwanikwa:
- processor komputa simba;
- Kuwanda kwe RAM;
- Zvinodiwa zvehuwandu uye kuita kweiyo data yekuchengetedza system;
- Zvinodiwa kune data data network (yekunze chiteshi, chiteshi pakati peIS zvikamu).
Muchiitiko ichi, panofanirwa kuve nezvinodiwa kune yega yega sevhisi/microservice sechikamu cheIS.
Kusiyana, zvakakosha kuziva kuti, nokuda kwekugadzirwa kwakarurama, kuwanikwa kwedheta pamusoro pemigumisiro yeIS pane bhizinesi guru rekambani nenzira yemutengo weIS downtime (rubles paawa) inosungirwa.
Kutyisidzira modhi
Panofanira kunge paine yakarongeka modhi yekutyisidzira kubva kwayakarongwa kuchengetedza data / masevhisi. Uyezve, iyo yekutyisidzira modhi inosanganisira kwete chete zvikamu zvekuvanzika, asiwo kuvimbika uye kuwanikwa. Avo. Semuyenzaniso:
-Kutadza kweiyo sevha yemuviri;
- Kukundikana kwepamusoro-ye-the-rack switch;
-Kukanganiswa kweiyo optical yekukurukurirana chiteshi pakati pe data data;
-Kutadza kwese mashandiro ekuchengetedza system.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, maitiro ekutyisidzira anonyorwa kwete chete kune zvikamu zvezvivakwa, asiwo kune chaiwo masisitimu eruzivo kana zvikamu zvawo, senge kutadza kweDBMS nekuparadza zvine musoro kweiyo data data.
Sarudzo dzese dziri mukati meprojekiti yekudzivirira kubva kunjodzi isina kutsanangurwa hazvina basa.
Regulatory zvinodiwa
Kana iyo data iri kugadziriswa iri pasi pemitemo yakakosha yakagadzwa nevatongi, ruzivo nezve data seti uye kugadzirisa / kuchengetedza mitemo inodiwa.
RPO/RTO zvinangwa
Kugadzira chero rudzi rwedziviriro kunoda kuve nechiratidzo chekurasa data uye inotangwa sevhisi yekudzoreredza nguva kune yega yega yakatsanangurwa kutyisidzira.
Sezvineiwo, RPO neRTO inofanirwa kunge iine yakabatana mitengo yekurasikirwa nedata uye yekudzikira panguva yeyuniti nguva.
Kamurana mumadziva ekushandisa
Mushure mekuunganidza ruzivo rwese rwekutanga rwekupinza, danho rekutanga ndere kuunganidza data seti uye IP mumadziva zvichienderana nekutyisidzira modhi uye zvinodiwa zvekutonga. Mhando yekupatsanurwa kwemadziva akasiyana-siyana inotemerwa - programmatically pane system software level kana mumuviri.
mienzaniso:
- Iyo yedunhu kugadzirisa data yemunhu yakaparadzaniswa zvachose kubva kune mamwe masisitimu;
-Ma backups anochengetwa pane yakaparadzana yekuchengetedza sisitimu.
Muchiitiko ichi, madziva anogona kunge asina kukwana akazvimirira, semuenzaniso, madziva maviri emakomputa zviwanikwa anotsanangurwa (processor simba + RAM), iyo inoshandisa imwechete yekuchengetedza data dziva uye imwe chete data data resource pool.
Processing simba
Abstract, izvo zvinodikanwa zvesimba rekugadzirisa zveiyo virtualized data center zvinoyerwa maererano nehuwandu hweiyo virtual processors (vCPUs) uye yavo yekubatanidza chiyero pane emuviri processors (pCPU). Muchiitiko ichi, 1 pCPU = 1 yemuviri processor musimboti (kunze kweHyper-Threading). Huwandu hwevCPUs hunopfupikiswa pamadziva ese akatsanangurwa zviwanikwa (imwe neimwe inogona kuve neyayo yekusimbisa chinhu).
Iyo consolidation coefficient yeakaremerwa masisitimu anowanikwa empirically, zvichibva pane zviripo, kana kuburikidza nekuisa mutyairi uye kuyedzwa kwemutoro. Kune masisitimu asina kutakurwa, "best practice" inoshandiswa. Kunyanya, VMware inotaura avhareji reshiyo se8: 1.
Operative memory
Iyo yakazara RAM inodiwa inowanikwa neiyo nyore muchidimbu. Kushandisa RAM oversubscription hakukurudzirwe.
Zvishandiso zvekuchengeta
Zvido zvekuchengetedza zvinowanikwa nekungopfupisa madziva ese nekugona uye kuita.
Zvido zvekushanda zvinoratidzwa muIOPS zvakasanganiswa neavhareji yekuverenga/kunyora reshiyo uye, kana zvichidikanwa, yakanyanya mhinduro latency.
Hunhu hweSevhisi (QoS) zvinodiwa kune chaiwo madziva kana masisitimu anofanirwa kutsanangurwa zvakasiyana.
Data network zviwanikwa
Izvo zvinodiwa netiweki yedata zvinowanikwa nekungopfupisa ese madhamu ebandwidth.
Hunhu hweSevhisi (QoS) uye latency (RTT) zvinodiwa kune chaiwo madziva kana masisitimu anofanirwa kutsanangurwa zvakasiyana.
Sechikamu chezvinodiwa zve data network zviwanikwa, zvinodiwa zvekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe uye/kana encryption yenetwork traffic uye yakasarudzika nzira (802.1q, IPSec, nezvimwewo) zvinoratidzwawo.
Architecture sarudzo
Iri gwara haritauri chero sarudzo kunze kwex86 architecture uye 100% server virtualization. Naizvozvo, sarudzo yekombuta subsystem architecture inosvika pasarudzo ye server virtualization chikuva, server fomu factor uye general server kumisikidzwa zvinodiwa.
Chinhu chakakosha chesarudzo ndeyechokwadi chekushandisa nzira yechinyakare nekuparadzaniswa kwemabasa ekugadzirisa, kuchengetedza uye kutumira data kana kuchinjika.
Classical architecture inosanganisira kushandiswa kweakangwara ekunze subsystems kuchengetedza uye kutumira data, nepo maseva achipa chete kugadzirisa simba uye RAM kune yakajairika dziva rezviwanikwa zvemuviri. Muzviitiko zvakanyanyisa, maseva anove asingazivikanwi zvachose, asina madhisiki avo chete, asi kwete kunyange chiziviso chehurongwa. Muchiitiko ichi, iyo OS kana hypervisor inotakurwa kubva kune yakavakirwa-mukati flash media kana kubva kune yekunze data yekuchengetedza system (boot kubva kuSAN).
Mukati megadziriro ye classical architecture, sarudzo pakati pemablades uye racks inoitwa zvakanyanya zvichibva pane zvinotevera zvimiso:
- Inodhura-inoshanda (paavhareji, rack-mount maseva akachipa);
- Computational density (yakakwirira kune blades);
-Kushandiswa kwesimba uye kupisa kupisa (mashizha ane yakakwirira chaiyo unit payuniti);
- Scalability uye controllability (mablades kazhinji anoda kushoma kushanda nesimba pakuisirwa kukuru);
-Kushandisa makadhi ekuwedzera (yakanyanya kushomeka sarudzo yemablades).
Convergent architecture (inozivikanwawo se hyperconverged) zvinosanganisira kubatanidza mabasa ekugadzirisa nekuchengetedza data, izvo zvinotungamirira kushandiswa kwema disks emunharaunda uye, semugumisiro, kusiiwa kweiyo classic blade form factor. Kune akachinjika masisitimu, angave maseva rack kana cluster masisitimu anoshandiswa, achibatanidza akati wandei blade maseva uye emunharaunda disks mune imwechete kesi.
CPU/Memory
Kuti uverenge nemazvo kurongeka, unofanirwa kunzwisisa rudzi rwemutoro wenzvimbo kana imwe neimwe yemasumbu akazvimirira.
CPU yakasungwa - nharaunda inogumira mukuita ne processor simba. Kuwedzera RAM hakuzoshandure chero chinhu maererano nekuita (nhamba yeVMs per server).
Memory bound - nharaunda yakaganhurirwa ne RAM. Yakawanda RAM pane sevha inobvumidza iwe kumhanya akawanda maVM pane server.
GB / MHz (GB / pCPU) - chiyero chepakati chekushandiswa kwe RAM uye simba re processor neiyi mutoro. Inogona kushandiswa kuverenga iyo inodiwa huwandu hwekuyeuka kwekuita kwakapihwa uye zvinopesana.
Server configuration calculation
Chekutanga, iwe unofanirwa kuona ese marudzi emutoro uye sarudza kusanganisa kana kupatsanura akasiyana komputa madziva mumasumbu akasiyana.
Tevere, kune rimwe nerimwe remasumbu akatsanangurwa, iyo GB / MHz reshiyo inotemerwa pamutoro unozivikanwa kumberi. Kana mutoro usingazivikanwe pachine nguva, asi paine kunzwisiswa kwakashata kweiyo processor simba rekushandisa, unogona kushandisa yakajairwa vCPU: pCPU ratios kushandura dziva rinodiwa kuita renyama.
Pachikwata chega chega, govera huwandu hwevCPU pool zvinodiwa necoefficient:
vCPUsum / vCPU:pCPU = pCPUsum - inodiwa nhamba yezvikamu zvemuviri. cores
pCPUsum / 1.25 = pCPUht - nhamba yemacores akagadziridzwa Hyper-Threading
Ngatifungei kuti zvakakosha kuverenga sumbu rine 190 cores / 3.5 TB ye RAM. Panguva imwecheteyo, isu tinobvuma mutoro wakanangwa we50% ye processor simba uye 75% ye RAM.
pCPU
190
CPU kushandiswa
50%
ndangariro
3500
Mem utility
75%
Socket
moyo
Srv/CPU
Srv Mem
Srv/Mem
2
6
25,3
128
36,5
2
8
19,0
192
24,3
2
10
15,2
256
18,2
2
14
10,9
384
12,2
2
18
8,4
512
9,1
Panyaya iyi, tinogara tichishandisa kutenderedza kusvika kune iri pedyo nhamba yakazara (=ROUNDUP(A1;0)).
Kubva patafura zvinova pachena kuti akati wandei masevha masisitimu akaenzana kune anotangwa zviratidzo:
β 26 maseva 2 * 6c / 192 GB
β 19 maseva 2 * 10c / 256 GB
β 10 maseva 2 * 18c / 512 GB
Sarudzo yezvigadziriso izvi zvinofanirwa kuitwa zvichibva pane zvimwe zvinhu, senge thermal package uye iripo kutonhora, maseva atoshandiswa, kana mutengo.
Zvimiro zvekusarudza sevha configuration
Yakakura VMs. Kana zvichidikanwa kugamuchira maVM akafara (akaenzana ne1 NUMA node kana kupfuura), zvinokurudzirwa, kana zvichibvira, kusarudza sevha ine gadziriso inobvumira maVM akadaro kuti arambe ari mukati meNUMA node. Nehuwandu hukuru hwemaVM akafara, pane njodzi yekuparadzaniswa kwezviwanikwa zvemasumbu, uye mune iyi nyaya, maseva anosarudzwa anobvumira maVM akakura kuti aiswe zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.
Single failure domain size.
Sarudzo yehukuru hwesevha zvakare yakavakirwa pamusimboti wekudzikisa imwe yekutadza domain. Somuenzaniso, pakusarudza pakati:
β 3 x 4*10c / 512 GB
β 6 x 2*10c / 256 GB
Zvimwe zvinhu zvese zvakaenzana, iwe unofanirwa kusarudza yechipiri sarudzo, sezvo kana imwe sevha ikatadza (kana iri kuchengetedzwa), kwete 33% yemasumbu zviwanikwa zvakarasika, asi 17%. Nenzira imwecheteyo, nhamba yeVMs neISs yakakanganiswa netsaona inoparadzaniswa nepakati.
Kuverengera kwekirasi yekuchengetedza masisitimu zvichienderana nekuita
Masisitimu ekuchengetera echinyakare anogara achiverengerwa uchishandisa yakaipisisa mamiriro, kusasanganisa pesvedzero yecache yekushandisa uye optimization yekushanda.
Sezviratidziro zvekutanga zvekuita, isu tinotora mashandiro emakanika kubva kudhisiki (IOPSdisk):
- 7.2k - 75 IOPS
- 10k - 125 IOPS
- 15k - 175 IOPS
Tevere, iyo nhamba yemadhisiki mudhisiki dziva inoverengerwa uchishandisa inotevera formula: = TotalIOPS * ( RW + (1 βRW) * RAIDPen) / IOPSdisk. Kupi:
- TotalIOPS - yakazara inodiwa kuita muIOPS kubva padhisiki dziva
- RW - muzana yekuverenga mashandiro
- RAID pen - RAID chirango cheiyo yakasarudzwa RAID nhanho
Verenga zvakawanda nezve Chishandiso RAID uye RAID Chirango pano - ΠΈ ΠΈ
Zvichienderana nenhamba inoguma yedhisiki, sarudzo dzinogoneka dzinoverengerwa dzinosangana nezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza, kusanganisira sarudzo neakawanda-level kuchengetedza.
Iko kuverengerwa kwemasisitimu anoshandisa SSD seyekuchengetedza layer inotariswa zvakasiyana.
Zvimiro zvekuverenga masisitimu neFlash Cache
flash-cache -zita rakajairika kune ese evaridzi matekinoroji ekushandisa flash memory seyechipiri-chikamu cache. Paunenge uchishandisa flash cache, iyo yekuchengetedza system inowanzoverengerwa kuti ipe mutoro wakatsiga kubva kune magineti disks, nepo peak inoshumirwa necache.
Muchiitiko ichi, zvinodikanwa kuti unzwisise iyo nhoroondo yekuremerwa uye dhigirii renzvimbo yekuwana mabhuraki emavhoriyamu ekuchengetedza. Flash cache i tekinoroji yekuremerwa kwebasa ine mibvunzo yakasarudzika, uye haishande pamavhoriyamu akaremerwa zvakafanana (senge ekuongorora masisitimu).
Kuverengera kwepasi-yekupedzisira/yepakati-renji mahybrid masisitimu
Hybrid masisitimu epasi nepakati makirasi anoshandisa akawanda-level kuchengetedza nedata inofamba pakati pemazinga pane hurongwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, saizi yeakawanda-level yekuchengetedza yemhando yepamusoro ndeye 256 MB. Aya maficha haatibvumire kufunga tekinoroji yekuchengetedza tekinoroji tekinoroji yekuwedzera goho, sekutenda kunoita vanhu vazhinji zvisizvo. Multi-level kuchengetedza mune yakaderera- uye yepakati-kirasi masisitimu ndiyo tekinoroji yekugonesa mari yekuchengetera masisitimu ane akadudzwa mutoro kusaenzana.
Yekuchengetedza tiered, kuita kweyepamusoro tier kunoverengerwa kutanga, nepo yepasi tier yekuchengetedza ichifungidzirwa kuti inongobatsira pakushaikwa kwekuchengetedza. Kune hybrid multi-tier system, zvinosungirwa kushandisa flash cache tekinoroji kune yakawanda-tier dziva kuitira kutsiva kudhirowa kwekuita kwe data rakangoerekana rapisa kubva padanho rezasi.
Kushandisa SSD mune Tiered Disk Pool
Kushandiswa kweSSD mune akawanda-level disk dhisiki kune misiyano, zvichienderana nekuitwa chaiko kwe flash cache algorithms nemugadziri akapihwa.
Iyo yakajairika tsika yekuchengetedza mutemo yedhisiki dziva ine SSD nhanho ndeye SSD kutanga.
Verenga Chete Flash Cache. Kune yekuverenga-chete flash cache, iyo yekuchengetedza layer paSSD inouya neakakosha nzvimbo yekunyora, zvisinei necache.
Verenga/Nyora Flash Cache. Kana iri flash cache, saizi yekunyora cache inotanga kusetwa kune yakakwira cache saizi, uye iyo SSD yekuchengetera tier inoonekwa chete kana saizi yecache isingakwani kubatira basa rese renzvimbo.
SSD uye cache performance calculations inoitwa nguva yega yega zvichibva pane zvinokurudzirwa nemugadziri, asi nguva dzose kune yakaipisisa mamiriro ezvinhu.
Source: www.habr.com