Anopfuura bhiriyoni akasiyana IP kero anopfuura neCloudflare Network mazuva ese; inoshandisa zvinopfuura miriyoni gumi nerimwe zvikumbiro zveHTTP pasekondi; ari mukati me11ms ye100% yehuwandu hweinternet. Netiweki yedu inotenderera maguta mazana maviri munyika dzinopfuura makumi mapfumbamwe, uye timu yedu yeinjiniya yakavaka zvivakwa zvinokurumidza uye zvakavimbika.
Tinodada zvikuru nebasa redu uye takazvipira kubatsira kuita kuti Indaneti ive nzvimbo iri nani uye isina njodzi. Cloudflare's hardware mainjiniya vane nzwisiso yakadzama yemaseva uye zvikamu zvawo kuti unzwisise uye usarudze yakanakisa Hardware kuti iwedzere kuita kwayo.
Yedu software stack inobata yakakwira-mutoro komputa uye inonyanya kutsamira CPU, ichida mainjiniya edu kuti arambe achikwenenzvera kushanda kweCloudflare uye kuvimbika pamatanho ese e stack. Padivi reseva, nzira iri nyore yekuwedzera simba rekugadzirisa ndeyekuwedzera CPU cores. Iyo yakawanda cores sevha inogona kukwana, iyo yakawanda data iyo inogona kugadzirisa. Izvi zvakakosha kwatiri nekuti zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvigadzirwa zvedu nevatengi zviri kukura nekufamba kwenguva, uye kukura kwezvikumbiro kunoda kuwedzera kuita kubva kumaseva. Kuti tiwedzere kuita kwavo, taifanira kuwedzera density yemacores - uye izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvatakaita. Pazasi isu tinopa yakadzama data pama processors emaseva atakaisa kubva 2015, kusanganisira nhamba yemacores:
-
Gen 6
Gen 7
Gen 8
Gen 9
kutanga
2015
2016
2017
2018
CPU
Intel Xeon E5-2630 v3
Intel Xeon E5-2630 v4
Intel Xeon Silver 4116
Intel Xeon Platinum 6162
Physical cores
2 X 8
2 X 10
2 X 12
2 X 24
TDP
2 x 85W
2 x 85W
2 x 85W
2 x 150W
TDP per core
10.65W
8.50W
7.08W
6.25W
Muna 2018, takasvetuka zvikuru muhuwandu hwemacores paseva neGen 9. Kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kwakaderedzwa ne33% kana ichienzaniswa nechizvarwa che8, ichitipa mukana wekuwedzera vhoriyamu uye komputa simba pane rack. Zvido zvekugadzira zvekupisa kupisa (, TDP) dzinotaurwa kuratidza kuti simba redu rekushandisa rakawedzerawo nekufamba kwenguva. Ichi chiratidzo chakakosha kwatiri: chekutanga, tinoda kuburitsa kabhoni shoma mumhepo; chechipiri, tinoda kushandisa zvakanakisisa simba kubva kune data data. Asi tinoziva kuti tine chimwe chinhu chokuvavarira.
Yedu huru yekutsanangura metric nhamba yezvikumbiro pawatt. Tinogona kuwedzera huwandu hwezvikumbiro pasekondi nekuwedzera macores, asi isu tinofanirwa kugara mukati mebhajeti redu remagetsi. Isu tinoganhurirwa neiyo data center power infrastructure, iyo, pamwe chete neyedu yakasarudzwa magetsi ekugovera mamodule, inotipa imwe yepamusoro muganho kune yega yega server rack. Kuwedzera maseva kune rack kunowedzera kushandiswa kwesimba. Mari yekushanda ichawedzera zvakanyanya kana tikapfuura iyo per-rack simba muganho uye tinofanirwa kuwedzera racks nyowani. Isu tinofanirwa kuwedzera simba rekugadzirisa tichigara mukati meiyo simba rekushandisa renji, izvo zvinowedzera zvikumbiro pa watt, yedu kiyi metric.
Sezvaungave wakafungidzira, isu takanyatso dzidza mashandisirwo emagetsi padanho rekugadzira. Tafura iri pamusoro inoratidza kuti hatifanirwe kutambisa nguva tichiendesa mamwe maCPU ane nzara simba kana TDP pamusimboti yakakwira kupfuura chizvarwa chazvino - izvi zvinokanganisa metric yedu, zvikumbiro pa watt. Takanyatso dzidza akagadzirira-ku-run masisitimu echizvarwa chedu X pamusika uye takaita sarudzo. Tiri kufamba kubva ku48-core Intel Xeon Platinum 6162 mbiri-socket dhizaini kuenda kune 48-musimboti AMD EPYC 7642 single-socket dhizaini.
-
Intel
AMD
CPU
Xeon Platinum 6162
EPYC 7642
Microarchitecture
"Skylake"
"Zen 2"
Codename
Skylake SP
“Roma”
Maitiro ekugadzira
14nm
7nm
cores
2 X 24
48
Frequency
1.9 GHz
2.4 GHz
L3 Cache / socket
24 x 1.375MiB
16 x 16MiB
Memory/socket
6 chiteshi, kusvika kuDDR4-2400
8 chiteshi, kusvika kuDDR4-3200
TDP
2 x 150W
225W
PCIe/socket
48 nzira
128 nzira
ISA
x86-64
x86-64
Kubva pane zvakatemwa zviri pachena kuti chip kubva ku AMD chichatibvumira kuchengeta nhamba imwechete ye cores tichidzikisa TDP. Chizvarwa chechipfumbamwe chaive neTDP pamusimboti we9 W, uye chizvarwa cheXth chichave 6,25 W. Yakaderedzwa ne4,69%. Nekuda kweiyo yakawedzera frequency, uye pamwe dhizaini yakapusa ine socket imwe, zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti AMD chip ichaita zvirinani mukuita. Parizvino tiri kuita bvunzo dzakasiyana siyana uye simulations kuti tione kuti nani AMD ichaita nani.
Parizvino, ngaticherechedzei kuti TDP iri nyore metric kubva kune zvakatemwa zvemugadziri, izvo zvatakashandisa mumatanho ekutanga ekugadzira server uye kusarudzwa kweCPU. Kutsvaga nekukurumidza kweGoogle kunoratidza kuti AMD neIntel vane nzira dzakasiyana dzekutsanangura TDP, zvichiita kuti iyo yakatarwa isavimbike. Chaiyo CPU mashandisiro emagetsi, uye zvakanyanya kukosha server simba rekushandisa, ndizvo zvatinonyatso shandisa pakuita sarudzo yedu yekupedzisira.
Kugadzirira kweEcosystem
Kutanga rwendo rwedu rwekusarudza processor yedu inotevera, takatarisa huwandu hwakasiyana hweCPUs kubva kune vakasiyana vagadziri vaive vakakodzera kune yedu software stack nemasevhisi (akanyorwa muC, LuaJIT uye Go). Isu takatotsanangura zvakadzama seti yezvishandiso zvekuyera kumhanya . Muchiitiko ichi, takashandisa seti imwe chete - inotibvumira kuongorora kushanda kweCPU munguva inonzwisisika, mushure mokunge mainjiniya edu anogona kutanga kugadzirisa mapurogiramu edu kune imwe processor.
Takaedza akasiyana-siyana ma processor ane akasiyana epakati kuverenga, socket count, uye frequency. Sezvo chinyorwa ichi chiri pamusoro pekuti sei takagara pa AMD EPYC 7642, machati ese ari mune ino blog anotarisa maitiro e AMD processors achienzaniswa neIntel Xeon Platinum 6162 kubva. .
Mhedzisiro yacho inoenderana nezviyero zvesevha imwechete ine yega processor musiyano - ndiko kuti, iine maviri 24-musimboti processors kubva kuIntel, kana neimwe 48-musimboti processor kubva AMD (server yeIntel ine zvigadziko zviviri uye server ye AMD EPYC neimwe) . MuBIOS tinoisa zvigadziro zvinoenderana nemaseva anomhanya. Iyi i3,03 GHz ye AMD uye 2,5 GHz yeIntel. Kurerutsa zvakanyanya, isu tinotarisira kuti nehuwandu hwakafanana hwemacores, AMD ichaita 21% zvirinani pane Intel.
Cryptography
Inotaridzika kuvimbisa AMD. Inoita 18% zvirinani pane public key cryptography. Iine symmetric kiyi, inorasikirwa neiyo AES-128-GCM encryption sarudzo, asi yakazara inoita inofananidzwa.
Kudzvinyirira
Pamaseva ekumucheto, isu tinodzvanya data rakawanda kuchengetedza pane bandwidth uye kuwedzera kukurumidza kwekuburitsa zvemukati. Isu tinopfuudza iyo data kuburikidza neC maraibhurari zlib uye brotli. Maedzo ese akaitwa pablog.cloudflare.com HTML faira mundangariro.
AMD yakahwina neavhareji ye29% kana uchishandisa gzip. Panyaya yebrotli, mhedzisiro yacho yakatonyanya nani, pabvunzo dzine mhando 7, yatinoshandisa kudzvanya zvine simba. Pamuyedzo webrotli-9 pane kudonha kwakapinza - tinotsanangura izvi nenyaya yekuti Brotli inodya ndangariro zhinji uye inofashukira cache. Nekudaro, AMD inohwina nemuganho mukuru.
Mazhinji masevhisi edu akanyorwa muGo. Mumagirafu anotevera, tinotarisisa kaviri kumhanya kwecryptography uye kudzvanya muGo neRegExp pamitsara ye32 KB tichishandisa raibhurari yetambo.
Enda cryptography
Enda Compression
Enda Regexp
Go Strings
AMD inoita zvirinani muzviyedzo zvese neGo kunze kweECDSA P256 Sign, uko yaive 38% kumashure - izvo zvinoshamisa, zvichipihwa kuti yakaita 24% zvirinani muC. Zvakakodzera kufunga kuti chii chiri kuitika ikoko. Pakazere, AMD haina kuhwina zvakanyanya, asi ichiri kuratidza zvakanakisa mhedzisiro.
LuaJIT
Isu tinowanzo shandisa LuaJIT pane stack. Iyi ndiyo glue inobata zvese zvikamu zve Cloudflare pamwechete. Uye isu tinofara kuti AMD yakahwina pano futi.
Pakazere, bvunzo dzinoratidza kuti EPYC 7642 inoita zvirinani kupfuura maviri Xeon Platinum 6162. AMD inorasikirwa pamiyedzo yakati wandei - semuenzaniso, AES-128-GCM uye Go OpenSSL ECDSA-P256 Sign - asi inokunda kune vamwe vese, neavhareji. ye25%.
Kuenzanisa Kwebasa
Mushure mekuyedza kwedu nekukurumidza, takamhanyisa maseva kuburikidza neimwe seti yekufananidza umo inogadzirwa mutoro inoiswa kune software edge stack. Pano isu tinotevedzera mamiriro ekuita basa nemhando dzakasiyana dzezvikumbiro zvinogona kusangana mubasa chairo. Zvikumbiro zvinosiyana muhuwandu hwedata, HTTP kana HTTPS mapuroteni, WAF masosi, Vashandi, uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvinosiyana. Pazasi pane kuenzanisa kwekubuda kwemaCPU maviri emhando dzezvikumbiro zvatinosangana nazvo kazhinji.
Mhedzisiro iri muchati inoyerwa zvichienderana neiyo yekutanga ye9th chizvarwa Intel-based michina, yakajairwa kune kukosha kwe1,0 pane x-axis. Semuenzaniso, kutora zvikumbiro zviri nyore gumi zveKB pamusoro peHTTPS, tinogona kuona kuti AMD inoita 10 nguva zvirinani pane Intel maererano nezvikumbiro pasekondi. Paavhareji, AMD yakaita 1,5% zvirinani pane Intel pabvunzo idzi. Tichifunga kuti TDP yeimwe AMD EPYC 34 ndeye 7642 W, uye kune maviri Intel processors i225 W, zvinoitika kuti maererano ne "zvikumbiro pa watt" AMD inoratidza 300 zvakapetwa zvirinani pane Intel!
Panguva ino, takanga tatonyatso kuzembera kune imwechete socket sarudzo ye AMD EPYC 7642 semangwana edu Gen X CPUs. maseva kune vamwe kubva kunzvimbo dzedata.
Basa chairo
Nhanho yekutanga, sezvazviri, yaive yekugadzirira maseva ekushanda mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo. Michina yese mungarava dzedu inoshanda nemaitiro akafanana uye masevhisi, ayo anopa mukana wakanakisa wekufananidza kuita. Kufanana nenzvimbo zhinji dzedata, tine zvizvarwa zvakati wandei zvemasevha akaiswa, uye isu tinounganidza maseva edu kuita zvikwata kuitira kuti kirasi yega yega ive nemaseva akaenzana zvizvarwa zvakafanana. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, izvi zvinogona kukonzera kudzokorodza macurves anosiyana pakati pemasumbu. Asi kwete nesu. Mainjiniya edu akakwenenzvera mashandisirwo eCPU kuzvizvarwa zvese zvekuti zvisinei nekuti imwe muchina CPU ine 8 cores kana makumi maviri nemana, mashandisirwo eCPU anowanzo kufanana nemamwe ese.
Girafu rinoratidza zvatinotaura pamusoro pekufanana kwekushandiswa - hapana musiyano wakakura pakati pekushandiswa kwe AMD CPUs muGen X chizvarwa maseva uye kushandiswa kweIntel processors muGen 9. Izvi zvinoreva kuti ese ari maviri ebvunzo uye ekutanga maseva anotakurwa zvakaenzana. . Hukuru. Izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvatinovavarira mumaseva edu, uye isu tinoda izvi kuenzanisa kwakanaka. Iwo magirafu maviri pazasi anoratidza huwandu hwezvikumbiro zvakagadziriswa neCPU core uye ese macores padanho reseva.
Zvikumbiro pa core
Zvikumbiro kune server
Zvinogona kuoneka kuti paavhareji AMD inoita 23% zvimwe zvikumbiro. Hazvina kuipa zvachose! Isu takagara tichinyora pane yedu blog nezve nzira dzekuwedzera kuita kweGen 9. Uye iye zvino tine nhamba yakafanana yemacores, asi AMD inoita basa rakawanda nesimba shoma. Izvo zvinokurumidza kujeka kubva kune zvakatemwa zvehuwandu hwemacores uye TDP iyo AMD inopa kukurumidza kukurumidza nekunyanya kushanda nesimba.
Asi sezvatakambotaura, TDP haisi yakajairika uye haina kufanana kune vese vanogadzira, saka ngatitarisei kune chaiyo kushandiswa kwesimba. Nekuyera mashandisirwo esimba resevha mukuenderana nehuwandu hwezvikumbiro pasekondi, takawana inotevera girafu:
Zvichienderana nezvikumbiro pasekondi yega yega watt inoshandiswa, Gen X maseva anomhanya pa AMD processors ane 28% zvakanyanya kushanda. Mumwe anogona kutarisira zvakawanda, zvichipihwa kuti AMD's TDP yakaderera ne25%, asi zvinofanirwa kuyeukwa kuti TDP hunhu husina kujeka. Isu taona kuti AMD chaiyo mashandisiro emagetsi anenge akafanana neakataurwa TDP pamafrequency akakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura base; Intel haina izvozvo. Ichi ndicho chimwe chikonzero nei TDP isiri fungidziro yakavimbika yekushandiswa kwesimba. MaCPU kubva kuIntel mumaseva edu eGen 9 akabatanidzwa mune akawanda-node system, nepo maCPU anobva ku AMD anoshanda mune yakajairwa 1U fomu factor maseva. Izvi hazvisi mukuda kwe AMD, sezvo maseva emultinode achifanira kupa huwandu hwakanyanya nekushomeka kwesimba pa node, asi AMD ichiri kubata Intel maererano nekushandiswa kwesimba pane node.
Mukuenzanisa kwakawanda pane zvakatemwa, kuyedza kutevedzera, uye kuita kwepasirese, iyo 1P AMD EPYC 7642 configuration yakaita zvakanyanya zvirinani pane 2P Intel Xeon 6162. Mune mamwe mamiriro, AMD inogona kuita kusvika 36% zvirinani, uye isu tinotenda izvozvo nekugadzirisa. Hardware uye software, isu tinogona kuzadzisa iyi kuvandudzwa nguva dzose.
Zvinoitika kuti AMD yakakunda.
Mamwe magirafu anoratidza avhareji latency uye p99 latency inomhanya NGINX pamusoro peawa makumi maviri nemana. Paavhareji, maitiro pa AMD akamhanya 24% nekukurumidza. Pa p25 inomhanya 99-20% nekukurumidza zvichienderana nenguva yezuva.
mhedziso
Cloudflare's Hardware uye Performance mainjiniya vanoita yakakura yakawanda yekuyedza uye tsvagiridzo kuti vaone yakanakisa server kumisikidzwa kune vatengi vedu. Tinoda kushanda pano nekuti tinokwanisa kugadzirisa matambudziko akakura seaya, uye isu tinogona kukubatsira kugadzirisa matambudziko ako nemasevhisi senge serverless edge komputa uye akatevedzana ekuchengetedza mhinduro seMagic Transit, Argo Tunnel, uye DDoS dziviriro. Masevha ese ari muCloudflare network akagadzirirwa kuita zvakavimbika, uye isu tinogara tichiedza kuita kuti chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe chinotevera chemaseva zvive nani pane chakapfuura. Isu tinotenda iyo AMD EPYC 7642 ndiyo mhinduro kana yasvika kune Gen X processors.
Vachishandisa Cloudflare Workers, vanogadzira vanoendesa maapplication avo pane yedu iri kuwedzera network kutenderera pasirese. Isu tinodada kurega vatengi vedu vachitarisa pakunyora kodhi isu tichitarisa kuchengetedzeka uye kuvimbika mugore. Uye nhasi isu takatonyanya kufadzwa kuzivisa kuti basa ravo richaiswa pane yedu Gen X chizvarwa maseva anomhanya yechipiri chizvarwa AMD EPYC processors.
EPYC 7642 processors, codename "Roma" [Rome]
Nekushandisa AMD's EPYC 7642, takakwanisa kuwedzera mashandiro edu uye kuita kuti zvive nyore kuwedzera network yedu kumaguta matsva. Roma haina kuvakwa nezuva rimwe chete, asi ichave pedyo nevakawanda venyu.
Mumakore mashoma apfuura tanga tichiyedza akawanda x86 machipi kubva kuIntel ne AMD, pamwe nema processors kubva kuARM. Tinotarisira kuti vagadziri veCPU ava varambe vachishanda nesu mune ramangwana kuitira kuti tese tivake Internet iri nani pamwe chete.
Source: www.habr.com