Yekutanga prototype ye solar server ine charge controller. Mufananidzo:
MunaGunyana 2018, anofarira kubva kuLow-tech Magazine . Chinangwa chaive chekudzikisa mashandisirwo emagetsi zvekuti imwe solar panel yaizokwana kune imba inozviitira server. Izvi hazvisi nyore, nekuti saiti inofanirwa kushanda maawa makumi maviri nemana pazuva. Ngationei zvakaitika pakupedzisira.
Unogona kuenda kune server , tarisa ikozvino kushandiswa kwesimba uye bhatiri yekuchaja level. Iyo saiti yakagadziridzwa kune yakaderera nhamba yezvikumbiro kubva peji uye kushoma traffic, saka inofanirwa kumirisana nekuwedzera kwetraffic kubva kuHabr. Zvinoenderana nekuverenga kwemugadziri, simba rekushandisa pamuenzi akasarudzika ndeye 0,021 Wh.
Kusati kwaedza muna Ndira 31, 2020, yaive ne42% bhatiri rasara. Kwayedza muBarcelona na8:04 nguva yemuno, mushure meiyo ikozvino inofanira kuyerera kubva kune solar panel.
Sei?
Makore gumi apfuura nyanzvi kuti kuvandudzwa kweInternet kunobatsira ku "dematerialization" yevanhu, digitalization yepasi rose - uye, semugumisiro, kuderedzwa kwekushandiswa kwesimba rose. Vakanga vasina kururama. Muchokwadi, iyo Internet pachayo yaida , uye mavhoriyamu aya ari kuramba achikura.
Makambani eIT akatanga matanho ekuchinja kune mamwe magetsi, asi izvi hazvigoneke. Nzvimbo dzese dzedata dzinoshandisa simba rakapetwa katatu pane ese anogadzirwa nesolar nemhepo pasi rose. Zvakatonyanya kuipa, kugadzirwa uye nguva dzose kutsiva solar panel uye mhepo turbines , saka, hazvibviri nhasi kusiya mafuta efossil (mafuta, gasi, uranium). Asi aya matura haagare kwenguva refu, saka isu tichatofanira kufunga nezve nzira yekurarama pane zvinogonekazve. Kusanganisira kushanda kwemakombuta, kusanganisira maseva ewebhu.
Low-tech Magazine Mapeji ewebhu anoputika nekukasira. Avhareji saizi yepeji yakawedzera kubva 2010 kusvika 2018 , uye kune nharembozha - kubva 0,15 MB kusvika 1,6 MB, inochengetedza fungidziro.
Kuwedzera traffic volumes (simba rinodiwa kuendesa 1 megabyte yeruzivo), izvo zvinokonzeresa kuwedzera nguva dzose mukushandiswa kwesimba reInternet. Nzvimbo dzakaremerwa uye dzakaremerwa kwete kungowedzera mutoro pamanetiweki zvivakwa, asi zvakare kupfupisa "hupenyu kutenderera" kwemakomputa uye mafoni, ayo anofanirwa kukandwa kunze kazhinji uye matsva anogadzirwa, ayo zvakare. .
Uye zvechokwadi, basa rakawedzerwa rinogadzirwa nemararamiro pachawo: vanhu vanopedza inenge nguva yavo yose paInternet uye vanovimba zvakanyanya nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzewebhu. Zvatove zvakaoma kufungidzira nzanga yemazuva ano isina Cloud IT zvivakwa (social network, vatumwa vekare, tsamba, nezvimwewo)
Server uye webhusaiti kugadzirisa
Π Iyo hardware kumisikidzwa uye software stack yewebhu server inotsanangurwa zvakadzama.
Single board komputa yakasarudzwa kushandiswa kwesimba rakaderera uye anobatsira mamwe maficha akadai sesimba manejimendi chip . Iyo inokutendera iwe kukumbira zviverengero pane yazvino voltage uye ikozvino kubva kubhodhi nebhatiri. Iyo microcircuit inoshandura otomatiki simba pakati pebhatiri neiyo DC yekubatanidza, uko ikozvino inoyerera kubva kune solar panel. Nokudaro, simba risina kuvharwa kune sevha nerutsigiro rwebheteri rinogoneka.
Olimex Olinuxin A20 Lime 2
Pakutanga, bhatiri re lithium-polymer rine simba re 6600 mAh (inenge 24 Wh) rakasarudzwa sebhatiri, ipapo bhatiri re-lead-acid rine simba re 84,4 Wh rakaiswa.
Iyo inoshanda sisitimu bhutsu kubva kune SD kadhi. Kunyangwe iyo OS isingatore kupfuura 1 GB uye iyo static webhusaiti ingangoita makumi matatu MB, pakanga pasina pfungwa yehupfumi mukutenga kadhi diki pane Kirasi 30 10 GB.
Sevha inobatana neInternet kuburikidza ne100Mbps yekubatanidza kumba muBarcelona uye yakajairwa mutengi router. A static IP kero yakachengeterwa iyo. Anenge chero munhu anogona kuseta saiti yakadaro mufurati yavo; iwe unofanirwa kushandura zvishoma zvigadziriso zvefirewall kuti uendese madoko kune yemuno IP:
Port 80 kusvika 80 yeHTTP Port 443 kusvika 443 yeHTTPS Port 22 kusvika 22 yeSSH
uchishandisa maitiro zvichibva pakugovera kweDebian uye kernel , iyo yakagadzirirwa mabhodhi mamwechete ane AllWinner chips.
Iyo 50-watt solar panel yewebhu server uye gumi-watt solar panel yekuvhenekesa imba yekutandarira muimba yemunyori.
Static saiti inogadzirwa neiyo system (saiti jenareta muPython). Nzvimbo dzakasimba dzinotakura nekukurumidza uye ishoma CPU yakadzika, saka iwo ane simba rakawanda kupfuura mapeji anogadzirwa zvine simba. Ona kunobva kodhi yedingindira. .
Chinhu chakanyanya kukosha kudzvanya kwemufananidzo, sezvo pasina optimization iyi hazvigoneke kuita mapeji ewebhu madiki pane 1 megabyte. Nekugadzirisa, zvakasarudzwa kushandura mafoto kuita halftone mifananidzo. Semuenzaniso, heino mufananidzo wevakadzi vanoshanda parunhare pa switchboard muzana rapfuura, .
Uye heino optimized grayscale mufananidzo wehukuru ine mavara matatu (dema, chena, grey). Pamusana pekunyengedzwa kwemaziso, zvinoratidzika kune muoni kuti kune mavara anopfuura matatu.
Mapikicha eHalftone akasarudzwa kwete chete kukwirisa saizi (chisarudzo chisina chokwadi), asiwo nezvikonzero zvekunaka. Iyi yekare yekugadzira mufananidzo maitiro ine mamwe maitiro e stylistic, saka saiti ine imwe yakasarudzika dhizaini.
Mushure mekugadzirisa, 623 mifananidzo paLow-tech Magazine webhusaiti yakaderera muhukuru kubva 194,2 MB kusvika 21,3 MB, kureva, ne89%.
Zvese zvinyorwa zvekare zvakashandurwa kuita Markdown kuti zvive nyore kunyora zvinyorwa zvitsva, pamwe nekurerutsa kuchengetedza kuburikidza. . Zvese zvinyorwa uye trackers, pamwe nelogos, zvakabviswa kubva panzvimbo. Iyo yakasarudzika font mubrowser yemutengi inoshandiswa. Se "logo" - zita remagazini mune mavara makuru ane museve kuruboshwe: LOWβTECH MAGAZINE. 16 bytes chete pachinzvimbo chemufananidzo.
Kana iri nguva yekudzikira, mukana we "kuverenga pasina online" wakarongwa: zvinyorwa nemifananidzo zvinotumirwa kune RSS feed. Caching ye100% yemukati inogoneswa, kusanganisira HTML.
Imwe optimization iri kugonesa HTTP2 marongero munginx, iyo inoderedza zvishoma traffic uye inoderedza peji yekurodha nguva ichienzaniswa neHTTP/1.1. Tafura inoenzanisa mibairo yemapeji mashanu akasiyana.
| | FP | WE | HS | FW | CW | |----------|--------------------------------------- -| | HTTP/1.1 | 1.46s | 1.87s | 1.54s | 1.86s | 1.89s | | HTTP2 | 1.30s | 1.49s | 1.54s | 1.79s | 1.55s | | Images | 9 | 21 | 11 | 19 | 23 | | savings | 11% | 21% | 0% | 4% | 18% |
Yakazara nginx gadziriso:
root@solarserver:/var/log/nginx# cat /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/solar.lowtechmagazine.com
# Expires map
map $sent_http_content_type $expires {
default off;
text/html 7d;
text/css max;
application/javascript max;
~image/ max;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name solar.lowtechmagazine.com;
location / {
return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}
}
server{
listen 443 ssl http2;
server_name solar.lowtechmagazine.com;
charset UTF-8; #improve page speed by sending the charset with the first response.
location / {
root /var/www/html/;
index index.html;
autoindex off;
}
#Caching (save html pages for 7 days, rest as long as possible, no caching on frontpage)
expires $expires;
location @index {
add_header Last-Modified $date_gmt;
add_header Cache-Control 'no-cache, no-store';
etag off;
expires off;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
#location = /50x.html {
# root /var/www/;
#}
#Compression
gzip on;
gzip_disable "msie6";
gzip_vary on;
gzip_comp_level 6;
gzip_buffers 16 8k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
#Caching (save html page for 7 days, rest as long as possible)
expires $expires;
# Logs
access_log /var/log/nginx/solar.lowtechmagazine.com_ssl.access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/solar.lowtechmagazine.com_ssl.error.log;
# SSL Settings:
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/solar.lowtechmagazine.com/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/solar.lowtechmagazine.com/privkey.pem;
# Improve HTTPS performance with session resumption
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# Enable server-side protection against BEAST attacks
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
ssl_ciphers ECDH+AESGCM:ECDH+AES256:ECDH+AES128:DH+3DES:!ADH:!AECDH:!MD5;
# Disable SSLv3
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
# Lower the buffer size to increase TTFB
ssl_buffer_size 4k;
# Diffie-Hellman parameter for DHE ciphersuites
# $ sudo openssl dhparam -out /etc/ssl/certs/dhparam.pem 4096
ssl_dhparam /etc/ssl/certs/dhparam.pem;
# Enable HSTS (https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Security/HTTP_Strict_Transport_Security)
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000; includeSubdomains";
# Enable OCSP stapling (http://blog.mozilla.org/security/2013/07/29/ocsp-stapling-in-firefox)
ssl_stapling on;
ssl_stapling_verify on;
ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/solar.lowtechmagazine.com/fullchain.pem;
resolver 87.98.175.85 193.183.98.66 valid=300s;
resolver_timeout 5s;
}Migumisiro yemwedzi ye15 yebasa
Kwenguva kubva muna Zvita 12, 2018 kusvika Mbudzi 28, 2019, sevha yakaratidza . Izvi zvinoreva kuti nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze asina kunaka nguva yekuderera kwegore yaive maawa mazana matatu nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemapfumbamwe.
Asi kana iwe ukasafunga nezvemwedzi miviri yekupedzisira, iyo nguva yekukwira yaive 98,2%, uye nguva yekuzorora yaive maawa 152 chete, vanogadzira vanonyora. Uptime yakadonha kusvika pa80% mumwedzi miviri yapfuura apo kushandiswa kwemagetsi kwakawedzera nekuda kwesoftware update. Husiku hwega hwega saiti yakadzikira kwemaawa akati wandei.
Zvinoenderana nenhamba, kwegore (kubva muna Zvita 3, 2018 kusvika Mbudzi 24, 2019), kushandiswa kwemagetsi kwesevha kwaive 9,53 kWh. Kurasikirwa kukuru mu photovoltaic system nekuda kwekushandurwa kwemagetsi uye kubuda kwebheteri kwakanyorwa. Iyo solar controller yakaratidza kushandiswa kwepagore kwe18,10 kWh, zvinoreva kuti mashandiro ehurongwa angangoita 50%.
Dhiyagiramu yakareruka. Iyo hairatidze voltage inoshandura kubva ku12 kusvika ku5 volts uye bhatiri ampere-awa mita.
Munguva yekudzidza, 865 vashanyi vakasiyana vakashanyira nzvimbo iyi. Kusanganisira kurasikirwa kwese kwesimba mukuiswa kwezuva, kushandiswa kwesimba pamuenzi akasarudzika kwaive 000 Wh. Nekudaro, imwe kilowatt-awa yesimba rezuva inogadzirwa inokwana kushandira vangangoita zviuru makumi mashanu vashanyi vakasiyana.
Panguva yekuedza, mashizha ezuva ehukuru hwakasiyana akaedzwa. Tafura inoratidza maverengero ekuti zvichatora nguva yakadii kuchaja mabhatiri emhando dzakasiyana kana uchishandisa solar panels ehukuru hwakasiyana.
Avhareji yesimba rekushandisa kwewebhu server mukati megore rekutanga, kusanganisira kurasikirwa kwese kwesimba, yaive 1,97 Watts. Iko kuverenga kunoratidza kuti kumhanyisa webhusaiti husiku hupfupi hwegore (8 maawa 50 maminetsi, Chikumi 21) kunoda 17,40 watt-maawa ekuchengetedza simba, uye nehusiku hurefu (14 maawa 49 maminitsi, Zvita 21) unoda makumi maviri neshanu. .29,19 Wh.
Sezvo mabhatiri e-lead-acid asingafanire kubuda pasi pehafu yehuwandu, sevha inoda bhatiri ye60 Wh kuti irarame husiku hwakareba kwazvo nechiedza chemasikati (2x29,19 Wh). Kwenguva yakawanda yegore, sisitimu yakashanda ne86,4 Wh bhatiri uye 50-watt solar panel, uyezve yambotaurwa 95-98% uptime yakawanikwa.
Uptime 100%
Kune 100% uptime, zvinodikanwa kuti uwedzere huwandu hwebhatiri. Kubhadhara zuva rimwe remamiriro ekunze akaipa kwazvo (pasina kugadzirwa kwemagetsi kwakakosha), maawa 47,28 watt-maawa (24 maawa Γ 1,97 watts) ekuchengetedza anodiwa.
Kubva muna Zvita 1, 2019 kusvika Ndira 12, 2020, bhatiri re168-watt rakaiswa muhurongwa, iro rine hunoshanda hwekuchengetera huwandu hwe84 watt-maawa. Iyi chengetedzo yakakwana kuchengetedza saiti ichimhanya kwehusiku huviri nezuva rimwe. Kugadziriswa kwakaedzwa panguva yerima regore, asi mamiriro ekunze aive akanaka - uye pamusoro penguva yakatarwa nguva yacho yaive 100%.
Asi kuti uvimbise 100% uptime kwemakore akati wandei, uchafanirwa kupa iyo yakaipisisa-mamiriro ezvinhu, kana mamiriro ekunze akaipa achiramba kwemazuva akati wandei. Iko kuverenga kunoratidza kuti kuchengetedza webhusaiti pamhepo kwemazuva mana ine simba rakaderera kana risina simba, ungada bhatiri re-lead-acid rine huwandu hwe440 watt-maawa, inova saizi yebhatiri remotokari.
Mukuita, mumamiriro ekunze akanaka, 48 Wh lead-acid bhatiri ichaita kuti sevha ishande husiku kubva munaKurume kusvika Gunyana. Bhatiri re24 Wh richagara sevha kwemaawa akawanda e6, zvichireva kuti ichavhara usiku hwose, kunyange panguva dzakasiyana zvichienderana nemwedzi.
Kakawanda, mamwe masayiti haafanire kushanda husiku, kana nhamba yevashanyi iri shoma, taura vakomana vanobva kuLow-tech Magazine. Semuyenzaniso, kana iri redunhu reguta kudhindwa, uko vashanyi vanobva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenguva havauye, asi vagari vemo chete.
Ndiko kuti, kune masayiti ane traffic akasiyana uye akasiyana uptime, mabhatiri ehunyanzvi hwakasiyana uye solar panels ehukuru hwakasiyana hunodiwa.
Munyori anopa kuverenga kuti ingani simba rinodiwa kugadzirwa iwo solar panels pachawo (simba rine simba) uye kuti inosvika sei kana iwe ukakamura mari iyi nehupenyu hunotarisirwa hwebasa remakore gumi.
Nenzira iyi, zvinokwanisika kuverenga iyo yakaenzana nemafuta emafuta anopedzwa mukugadzirwa uye kushanda kwemapaneru. Low-tech Magazine yakawana kuti mugore rekutanga rekushanda, system yavo (50 W panel, 86,4 Wh bhatiri) "yakagadzirwa" ingangoita 9 kg yehutsi, kana yakaenzana nekupisa 3 litres epeturu: inenge yakafanana ne50- ane makore okuberekwa motokari yemotokari km kufamba.
Kana sevha ichiiswa simba kwete kubva kune solar panels, asi kubva kune general magetsi grid, saka kuburitsa kwakaenzana kunoratidzika kunge kwakadzikira katanhatu: 1,54 kg (iyo Spanish energy sector ine chikamu chakakwira cheimwe simba uye zvidyarwa zvemagetsi enyukireya). Asi iyi haisi kuenzanisa kwakakwana, munyori anonyora, nokuti inofunga nezvesimba rinowanikwa rezvivako zvezuva, asi hazvifungidzire chiratidzo ichi chemagetsi emagetsi, kureva, mari yekuvaka kwayo uye kutsigirwa. .
Kumwe kuvandudzika
Munguva yapfuura, akati wandei optimizations akaitwa akadzikisa server simba rekushandisa. Semuenzaniso, pane imwe nguva mugadziri akaona kuti 6,63 TB yehuwandu hwe11,15 TB yetraffic yakagadzirwa neimwe isiriyo RSS feed yekumisikidza iyo yakadhonza zvirimo maminetsi mashoma ega ega. Mushure mekugadzirisa iyi bug, mashandisirwo emagetsi evhavha (kusanganisa kurasikirwa kwesimba) akadzikira kubva pa1,14 W kusvika panosvika 0,95 W. Kuwana kungaita sediki, asi mutsauko we0,19 W unoreva 4,56 watt-maawa pazuva, iyo inoenderana neanopfuura maawa 2,5 ehupenyu hwebhatiri kune server.
Mugore rekutanga, kushanda zvakanaka kwaingova 50%. Kurasikirwa kwakaonekwa pakuchaja uye kubudisa bhatiri (22%), uyewo pakushandura magetsi kubva ku12 V (solar PV system) kusvika ku5 V (USB), apo kurasikirwa kwakasvika ku28%. Iye anovandudza anobvuma kuti ane suboptimal voltage converter (mutongi asina yakavakirwa-mukati USB), saka unogona kukwidziridza iyi poindi kana chinja kune 5V solar kuisirwa.
Kuti uvandudze simba rekuchengetedza simba, mabhatiri e-lead-acid anogona kutsiviwa nemabhatiri anodhura e-lithium-ion, ane kurasikirwa kwakaderera / kurasikirwa (<10%). Iye zvino mugadziri ari kufunga nezve compact (CAES), iyo ine hupenyu hwemakumi emakore, izvo zvinoreva diki kabhoni tsoka pakugadzirwa kwayo.
Compact compressed air energy accumulator,
Kuiswa kweimwe turbine yemhepo kuri kutariswa (inogona kudaro ) nekuisa solar tracker yekutenderedza mapaneru akananga kuzuva. Iyo tracker inokubvumira kuti uwedzere kugadzirwa kwemagetsi ne30%.
Imwe nzira yekuwedzera kushanda kweiyo system ndeyekuyera iyo. Simudza mamwe mawebhusaiti pane sevha uye tanga mamwe maseva. Zvadaro kushandiswa kwesimba pane imwe nzvimbo kunoderera.
Solar hosting company. Mufananidzo: Diego Marmolejo
Kana iwe ukavhara imba yako yese balcony ne solar panel uye ukavhura solar web hosting kambani, mutengo pamutengi uchadzikira zvakanyanya pane wewebhusaiti imwechete: hupfumi hwechiyero.
Pakazere, kuyedza uku kunoratidza kuti, nekupihwa zvimwe zvipimo, zvinogoneka zvachose kuti komputa gadziriso ishande pane inovandudzwa magetsi masosi.
Nechepfungwa, sevha yakadai inogona kuita isina bhatiri kana yakaratidzwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzepasi. Semuenzaniso, isa magirazi muNew Zealand neChile. Ikoko masolar panels achashanda kana hwava husiku muBarcelona.
Source: www.habr.com