Musi waMbudzi 27, 1923, maAmerican radio amateurs John L. Reinartz (1QP) naFred H. Schnell (1MO) vakaita nzira mbiri dze transatlantic kurukurirano yeredhiyo nemuFrench amateur radio operator Leon Deloy (F8AB) paurefu hwemamita 100. Izvi Chiitiko chakakonzera hukuru mukusimudzira kwepasirese amateur radio movement uye short-wave radio communications. Chimwe chezvikonzero zvakakonzera kubudirira kwaive kunatsiridza kwaSchnell naReinartz kweArmstrong's regenerative radio receiver circuit. Kuvandudzwa kwacho kwakave kwakabudirira zvekuti mazita "Schnell" uye "Reinartz" akava mazita emhuri ekugadzirwa kwevakagamuchira vakafanana.
Yaive yakajairika Reinartz ...
Iyo Wikipedia inoziva zvese haina kukwanisa kundiudza chero chinhu nezvaJohn Reinartz. Ichi chinyorwa chenhoroondo chakanyorwa zvichitevera kuparadzirwa kwezvinyorwa neAmerican radio amateurs, pamwe nezvinyorwa kubva muna Ndira magazini yeQST ye1924 uye zvinyorwa 23-24 zveRadio Amateur magazini ye1926.
John Reinartz akaberekwa musi waMarch 6, 1894 muGermany. Muna 1904, Reinarts yakatama kubva kuGermany kuenda kuSouth Manchester, Connecticut, USA. Muna 1908, John akatanga kufarira redhiyo, uye muna 1915 akava mumwe wevokutanga munyika yacho kupinda muU.S. National Association of Amateur Radio (ARRL).
Nguva yehunyanzvi hwemasaisai eredhiyo yakanga yatanga. Vese vari vaviri marabhoritari anotungamira pasirese uye vanofarirawo zvavo vaitsvaga zvigadziriso zvehunyanzvi zvekugamuchira redhiyo uye michina yekuparadzira redhiyo. Sezvandakatonyora muzvinyorwa zvakapfuura munhevedzano, majenareta emagetsi emagetsi uye ma crystal detectors akabva atsiviwa nemhinduro dzakabva pavacuum chubhu.
Imwe yebudiriro yenguva iyoyo yakanga iri kugadzirwa regenerative radio receiver. Mushonga wacho waive wakapfava, wakachipa, uye wakaita kuti zvikwanisike kugadzira mudziyo wekutambira redhiyo kureba uchishandisa chubhu imwe chete yeredhiyo. Kuoma kwaiva mukugadzirisa kwemagetsi kwechinzvimbo chemhinduro coil. Iyo yakakwira iyo frequency yekugamuchira, iyo yakanyanya "acute" seti iyi yakave.
John Reinartz akavandudza zvakanyanya dunhu reArmstrong nekuchengetedza zvakasimba coil yemhinduro. Mari yemhinduro muReinartz Tuner yakagadziriswa uchishandisa variable capacitor (VCA). Kuti uderedze "kuoma" kweKPI marongero, vernier zvishandiso zvakashandiswa.
Kusiyana naArmstrong, akapedza hupenyu hwake kumatare emvumo yake uye zvaaikoshesa, Reinartz akangoburitsa dhizaini yake mumagazini yaJune 1921 yeQST. Izvi zvakateverwa nezvimwe zvinyorwa zviviri zvine kuvandudzwa.
Π Pane muenzaniso wekuitwa kweReinartz inogamuchira pane rimwe mwenje:
... uye yakashanda zviri nyore ...
Tube circuitry inokwezva nekunaka kwakashata kwehunyanzvi hwayo hwekugadzirisa. Chinhu chiri chose chiri panzvimbo yacho, hapana chakanyanya.
Muchinyorwa, ndakasarudza kusataura dhayagiramu kubva muzvinyorwa zve20s yezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, asi ndakatendeukira kubhuku rekutanga edition ye "Young Radio Amateur" naBorisov. Heano maitiro ari nyore uye zvakajeka anoratidza kushanda kweiyo yakananga amplification inogamuchira uchishandisa imwe chubhu:
Takakurukura nezvekushanda kwe resonant resonant pakupinza kwedunhu uye headphone ine blocking capacitor pane zvakabuda munyaya yeLosev's "cristadin". Ngationgororei mashandiro eRcCc wedunhu pakuiswa kwetriode amplifier.
Iyo RcCc yedunhu inonzi "gridlick" (kubva kuChirungu: grid leak), nerubatsiro rwayo "grid yekuona" inoitwa, kana iyo amplifier pamwenje zvese zvinoona chiratidzo uye ichikurisa.
Girafu (a) inoratidza anode yeamplifier kana gridlick isipo. Isu tinoona kuti iyo yekuisa chiratidzo inokwidziridzwa zvakananga.
Mushure mekubatidza "gridlick" munharaunda yegridi rekutonga, tinocherekedza ripples ikozvino mumaseketi anode (girafu b). Iyo inovharira capacitor inosefa kunze-yakakwirira-frequency zvikamu (graph c), uye isu tinogashira odhiyo frequency masaini mumafoni.
Zvino ngationei zvakaitwa naArmstrong naReinartz nechirongwa ichi:
Armstrong akaunza coil yemhinduro mumaseketi anode eamplifier. Nemhinduro yakanaka, chiratidzo chinobva kune coil yemhinduro chinowedzerwa kune chiratidzo mune resonant circuit coil. Nhanho yemhinduro inosarudzwa kuitira kuti amplifier iri pamucheto we-self-excitation, iyo inopa huwandu hwepamusoro hwekusimudzirwa kwechiratidzo chekuisa.
Pakugamuchira pamasaisai mapfupi, kugadzirisa dunhu reArmstrong kuti rishande mukuvandudza modhi kwaive nedambudziko: kufamba kudiki kweiyo coil yemhinduro kwakatungamira kune shanduko huru mumatanho ekugamuchira.
John Reinartz akagadzirisa dambudziko nekugadzirisa hukama hwemakoiri L1 uye L2 kuitira kuti inductance mutual pakati pavo uye shanduko mumhinduro capacitance Cop yakanga yakakwana kuti mugamuchiri ashande mukugadzirisa maitiro mune zvakasiyana-siyana zvemafungu.
Kuti kuwedzere kugadzikana kwekushanda, Dr. choke yakaunzwa muanode circuits yemwenje. Iyo yakapa decoupling yeakakwira-frequency maseketi eanogamuchira kubva kune yakaderera-frequency ayo uye zvinobudirira kusefa kunze kweredhiyo frequency chikamu kubva kune odhiyo frequency chiratidzo.
Ku "kutambanudza" ma frequency uye mhinduro, maverniers akashandiswa - kuderedza magiya mabhokisi pakati petuning knobs uye matemo e capacitor. Aya magadzirirwo ehunyanzvi akavimbisa kugadziridzwa kwakatsetseka kweiyo frequency yekugamuchira uye, zvakanyanya kukosha, mwero wemhinduro.
Pakuisa mugamuchiri kuchiteshi cheredhiyo, nhanho yemhinduro yakatanga kuiswa zvichienderana nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hweruzha rwemhepo. Mugamuchiri, chaizvoizvo, akapinda mu "autodyne" mode, i.e. akatanga kushanda seheterodyne receiver. Paunenge uchitarisa kune chiteshi frequency mune iyi kesi, muridzo yakatanga kusimuka kubva kukurohwa kwechisikigo oscillations uye frequency yekutakura. Nokudaro, basa reradiotelegraph (CW) rakagamuchirwa.
Pakugamuchira nhepfenyuro yeredhiyo (AM), frequency tuning yakaenderera kusvika "zero beats" yawanikwa, uyezve huwandu hwemhinduro hwakaderedzwa, ichitarisa pamhando yekurira.
Nenzira, chiitiko chinonakidza chakaonekwa: chigadziro chekudzorera, kana chakarongedzwa zvisina kufanira kune chiteshi, kazhinji chakatanga kugadzirisa kuwanda uye chikamu cheiyo oscillations maererano nechiratidzo chekutakura. Iyi auto-tuning yakavimbisa synchronous yekugamuchira maitiro.
... kunyangwe zvisina kukwana
Regenerative vanogamuchira vane zvese zvakati wandei zvakanakira uye nehuwandu hwekuipa.
Zvakanakira zvinosanganisira chiyero chepamusoro chemutengo. Pamusoro pezvo, "vanovandudzazve" vakapa humwe hunyanzvi mukushandiswa: vakave nechokwadi chekugamuchira nhepfenyuro mune yekuvandudza maitiro; mune self-generation mode, vakashanda seheterodyne receivers, uye vaigona kugamuchira radiotelegraph.
Chinhu chikuru chakashata chakanga chiri chido chekugadzirisa mhinduro nguva dzose uye nemwaranzi isingadiwi yemugamuchiri mumhepo. Rangarira nezve Vaska Taburetkin!
Mushure mehondo, vanogamuchira patsva vakatanga kutsiviwa ne superheterodyne vanogamuchira. Asi iyo imwe nyaya ...
Kubva kumunyori
Muma20, John Reinartz akadzidza kuparadzirwa kwemasaisai mapfupi. Akaenda kuArctic expedition.
Kubva 1933 akashanda kuRCA.
Muna 1938 akapinda muchiuto uye akapedza basa rake muna 1946 ari kaputeni.
Muna 1946 akadzokera kubasa kuRCA.
Kubva 1949 akashanda paEimac.
Musi waKukadzi 1, 1960, mabiko makuru akaitwa kupemberera kuenda pamudyandigere kwaReinartz, umo vanopfuura mazana maviri vane mukurumbira paredhiyo vakaita chikamu.
Akafa musi waSeptember 18, 1964.
Kushandiswa zvinyorwa
1. "QST", 1924, Nha
2. "Radio Amateur", 1926, Nhamba 23-24
3. Borisov V.G. Mudiki radio amateur - M.: Gosenergoizdat, 1951
Zvimwe zvinyorwa munhevedzano
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Source: www.habr.com