Muna 2015 ARIN (inotarisira nzvimbo yeNorth America) registrar yapedza IPv4 dziva. Uye munaNovember, RIPE, iyo inogovera zviwanikwa muEurope neAsia, yakaperawo kero.
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Mamiriro ezvinhu paRIPE
Muna 2012, R.I.P.E. nezvekutanga kwekugovera kwekupedzisira block /8. Kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, mutengi wega wega wekunyoresa aingogona kugamuchira kero 1024, izvo zvakaderedza zvishoma kuderera kwedziva. Asi muna 2015, RIPE yaive nemamiriyoni gumi nematanhatu emahara eIP akasara; muzhizha ra16, nhamba iyi yakadzikira. .
Pakupera kwaNovember RIPE , umo vakashuma kuti munyori akanga apa IP yekupedzisira uye zviwanikwa zvayo zvakapera. Kubva zvino, dziva iri richazadzwa chete kubva kumakero anenge adzoserwa kutenderera nemasangano akasiyana. Ivo vanozogovaniswa muhurongwa mumabhuroko /24.
Ndiani mumwe ane kero asara?
Vamwe vatatu vanyoresa vachine IPv4, asi kwemakore mashoma apfuura vanga vachishanda mu "austerity mode." Semuyenzaniso, muAfrica, AFRINIC yakaunza zvirambidzo pahuwandu hwekero dzakapihwa uye cheki dzakasimba pamashandisirwo avanoda. Pasinei nematanho ese, nyanzvi dzinofanotaura kuti IPv4 yemunyoreri weAfrica kare muna Kurume 2020. Asi pane pfungwa yokuti izvi zvichaitika kunyange kare - muna January.
Iyo Latin America LACNIC ine zviwanikwa zvishoma zvasara - inogovera yekupedzisira / 8 block. Vamiriri vesangano iri vanoti vanoburitsa kero dzinosvika chiuru nemakumi maviri nemana pakambani imwe neimwe. Wherein Ivo chete vatengi vasina kumbovagamuchira kare vanogona kuvhara. Matanho akafanana akatorwa muAsia APNIC. Asi pakushandisa kwesangano chikamu chimwe chete muzvishanu che /8 dziva, iro richave risina chinhu munguva pfupi iri kutevera.
Hazvisati zvapera
Nyanzvi dzinoona kuti zvinokwanisika kuwedzera "hupenyu" hweIPv4. Zvakakwana kudzorera kero dzisina kubhadharwa kune dziva rakafanana. Semuenzaniso, kuseri kweautomaker Ford Motor Company uye kambani yeinishuwarenzi Prudential Securities anopfuura mamirioni gumi nematanhatu eruzhinji IPv16. Mune thematic thread paHacker News kuti masangano aya haadi maIP akawanda kudaro.
Panguva imwecheteyo, zvakakosha kuburitsa kero dzakadzoserwa kwete mumabhuroko sekare, asi muhuwandu hunodiwa. Mumwe mugari weHN kuti Spectrum/Charter uye Verizon vanopa vari kutotora tsika iyi - vanoburitsa IP imwe kubva /24 pachinzvimbo chese /30 block.
Zvishoma zvezvinyorwa kubva kublog yedu paHabrΓ©:
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Imwe nzira yekugadzirisa dambudziko rekushaikwa kwemakero ndeyekutenga nekutengesa kumaokisheni. Somuenzaniso, muna 2017, MIT mainjiniya kuti yunivhesiti ine mamiriyoni gumi nemana IPs asina kushandiswa - vakasarudza kutengesa vazhinji vavo. Imwe nyaya yakafanana yakaitika pakutanga kwaDecember muRussia. The Research Institute for the Development of Public Networks (RosNIIROS) yakazivisa kuvharwa kwenzvimbo yeInternet registrar LIR. Pashure paizvozvo iye ingangoita 490 zviuru IPv4 yekambani yeCzech Reliable Communications. Nyanzvi dzakafungidzira mutengo wakakwana wedziva pamadhora mazana mapfumbamwe negumi nemaviri.
Asi kana makambani akatanga kutengesa zvakanyanya IP kune mumwe nemumwe, pakukura kwematafura ekufambisa. Nekudaro, pane mhinduro pano zvakare - (Locator/ID Separation Protocol). Pano vanyori vanokurudzira kushandisa kero mbiri pakutaura pane network. Imwe ndeyekuziva zvishandiso, uye yechipiri ndeyekugadzira mugero pakati pemaseva. Iyi nzira inokubvumira kubvisa kero kubva kumatafura eBGP asingakwanisi kubatanidzwa mubhokisi rimwe - semugumisiro, tafura yekufambisa inokura zvishoma nezvishoma. LISP rutsigiro mumhinduro dzako makambani akadai seCisco neLANCOM Systems (kugadzira SD-WAN).
Iyo yakakosha mhinduro kudambudziko neIPv4 ichave yakakura . Asi zvisinei nekuti iyo protocol yakagadzirwa makore anopfuura makumi maviri apfuura, haisati yashandiswa zvakanyanya. Parizvino, 20% yemasaiti inotsigira. Kunyange zvazvo makambani akawanda ari kutora matanho ekuchinja mamiriro acho ezvinhu. Saka, vazhinji veWestern Cloud vanopa ye IPv4 isina kushandiswa. Muchiitiko ichi, kero dzinobatanidzwa (dzakabatana kumuchina chaiwo) dzinopihwa mahara.
Kazhinji, vagadziri vemidziyo yetiweki uye vanopa masevhisi eInternet vanofara kutamira kuIPv6. Asi vanogara vachisangana nematambudziko panguva yekutama. Tichagadzirira zvinyorwa zvakasiyana nezvematambudziko uye nzira dzekuagadzirisa.
Zvatinonyora nezvazvo muVAS Nyanzvi corporate blog:
Source: www.habr.com