Vagadziri vanga vachitaura nezve mabhenefiti e blockchain tekinoroji kwemakore. Vakapokana nezve izvi nekushaikwa "makesi ekushandisa" pamwe chete netsananguro dzisina kujeka dzemashandiro anoita tekinoroji, zvazvinoita, uye kuti mapuratifomu ekuishandisa akasiyana sei kubva kune mumwe nemumwe. Hazvishamisi kuti izvi zvakonzera kuvhiringidzika uye kusavimbana mu blockchain tekinoroji.
Muchinyorwa chino, ini ndinoda kutsanangura seti yemamodheru epfungwa anogona kukubatsira kuti unzwisise kuti zvingangoitika zviitiko zvekushandisa zvinotungamira sei kune yehunyanzvi kutengeserana-offs iyo yega yega inofanirwa kugadzira. Iyi mienzaniso yepfungwa yakavakirwa pakufambira mberi kwakaitwa tekinoroji yeblockchain mumakore gumi apfuura, ichipfuura nezvizvarwa zve10: mari yakavhurika, mari yakavhurika uye, pakupedzisira, iyo yakavhurika internet.
Chinangwa changu ndechekukubatsira iwe kukudziridza kunzwisisa kwakajeka kwechii chinonzi blockchain, kunzwisisa kuti nei mapuratifomu akasiyana achidikanwa, uye fungidzira ramangwana reInternet yakavhurika.
Nhanganyaya Pfupi yeBlockchain
Zvimwe zvinokosha. A blockchain inongova dhatabhesi inotungamirwa neboka revashandisi vakasiyana, pachinzvimbo chechimwe chinhu (seAmazon, Microsoft kana Google). Musiyano wakakosha pakati pe blockchain uye gore nderekuti haufanirwe kuvimba ne "muridzi" we database (kana kuchengetedzwa kwayo kwekushanda) kuitira kuchengetedza data yakakosha. Kana blockchain iri paruzhinji (uye ese makuru blockchains ari paruzhinji), chero munhu anogona kuishandisa chero chinhu.
Kuti hurongwa hwakadaro hushande pane nhamba huru yezvigadzirwa zvisingazivikanwi pasi rose, inofanira kuva nechiratidzo chedhijitari chichashandiswa senzira yekubhadhara. Nema tokens aya, vashandisi veketani vanobhadhara system operators. Panguva imwecheteyo, chiratidzo chinopa chivimbiso chekuchengeteka, iyo inotarirwa nedzidziso yemutambo yakaiswa mairi. Uye kunyangwe iyo pfungwa yakanyanya kukanganiswa neiyo boom yehunyengeri ICO muna 2017, iro zano chairo rematokens uye tokenization zvakazara, kuti imwe dhijitari asset inogona kuzivikanwa uye kutumirwa, ine zvinoshamisa kugona.
Izvo zvakakoshawo kuparadzanisa chikamu chedhatabhesi inochengeta iyo data kubva kune chikamu chinogadzirisa iyo data (iyo chaiyo muchina).
Mhando dzakasiyana dzedunhu dzinogona kuvandudzwa. Semuenzaniso, chengetedzo (muBitcoin), kumhanya, mutengo kana scalability. Uye zvakare, iyo yekugadziridza logic inogona zvakare kugadziridzwa nenzira dzakasiyana: inogona kunge iri nyore karukureta yekuwedzera nekubvisa (sezviri muBitcoin), kana inogona kunge iri Turing-yakazara chaiyo muchina (semuEthereum uye PEDYO).
Saka maviri blockchain mapuratifomu anogona "customize" yavo blockchain uye chaiwo muchina kuita mabasa akasiyana zvachose, uye vanogona kusambokwikwidzana pamusika. Semuenzaniso, Bitcoin inyika yakasiyana zvachose kana ichienzaniswa neEthereum kana PEDYO, uye Ethereum uye PEDYO, zvakare, havana chavanofanana neRipple uye Stellar - pasinei nokuti vose vanoshanda pa "blockchain teknolojia."
Zvizvarwa zvitatu zve blockchain
Kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji uye mhinduro dzakanangana mudhizaini yehurongwa zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kuwedzera kushanda kwe blockchain pamusoro pezvizvarwa zvitatu zvebudiriro yayo mumakore gumi apfuura. Zvizvarwa izvi zvinogona kukamurwa sezvinotevera:
- Vhura mari: kupa munhu wese mukana wekuwana mari yedhijitari.
- Vhura mari: kuita mari yedhijitari kurongeka uye kuwedzera miganhu yekushandiswa kwayo.
- Vhura Indaneti: Wedzera mari yakavhurika kuitira kuti ive neruzivo rwakakosha rwemarudzi ese uye ivepo yekushandiswa kweruzhinji.
Ngatitange nemari yakavhurika.
Chizvarwa chekutanga: mari yakavhurika
Mari ndiyo hwaro hwecapitalism. Chikamu chekutanga chaibvumira chero munhu, chero kupi zvako kuwana mari.
Imwe ye data inonyanya kukosha inogona kuchengetwa mudhatabhesi imari pachayo. Ndizvo zvine hutsva pamusoro peBitcoin: kuva nekadhijitari yakagovaniswa inobvumira munhu wese kubvuma kuti Joe ane makumi matatu Bitcoins uye achangobva kutumira Jill 30 Bitcoins. Bitcoin inogadzirirwa kuisa pamberi pekuchengetedza pamusoro pemamwe ma parameter. Kubvumirana kweBitcoin kunodhura zvakanyanya, kunotora nguva uye kuvharirwa, uye pamwero wekugadzirisa kunenge kuri kwakajairika kuwedzera uye kubvisa Calculator inobvumira kutengeserana uye mamwe mashoma mashoma mashandiro.
Bitcoin muenzaniso wakanaka unoratidza mabhenefiti makuru ekuchengetedza data pane blockchain: haina kutsamira kune chero vamiririri uye inowanikwa kune wese munhu. Ndokunge, chero munhu ane bitcoins anogona kuita p2p kutamisa pasina kushandisa rubatsiro rwemunhu.
Nekuda kwekureruka uye simba rezvakavimbiswa neBitcoin, "mari" yakava imwe yekutanga uye yakabudirira kwazvo kushandiswa kwemakesi e blockchain. Asi Bitcoin's "inononoka, inodhura uye yakachengeteka zvakanyanya" system inoshanda zvakanaka pakuchengeta midziyo - yakafanana negoridhe - asi haishandire kushandiswa kwemazuva ese kumasevhisi akadai sekubhadhara kwepamhepo kana kutamiswa kwenyika.
Kugadzira mari yakavhurika
Mamwe maseketi ane marongero akasiyana akagadzirwa kune aya mashandisirwo emhando:
- Kutamisa: Kuti mamirioni avanhu atumire mari isingaite kutenderera pasirese zuva rega rega, unoda chimwe chinhu chine simba uye chisingadhure kupfuura Bitcoin. Nekudaro, yako system inofanirwa kuramba ichipa yakakwana mwero wechengetedzo. Ripple naStellar mapurojekiti akakwenenzvera maketani avo kuti azadzise chinangwa ichi.
- Kuchinjana nekukurumidza: Kuti mabhiriyoni evanhu ashandise mari yedhijitari nenzira imwechete yavanoshandisa makadhi echikwereti, unoda cheni kuti ikwire zvakanaka, kuve nekuita kwepamusoro, uye kuramba isingadhure. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nenzira mbiri, kurega kuchengeteka. Yekutanga ndeyekuvaka nekukurumidza "yechipiri layer" pamusoro peBitcoin inogonesa network yekushanda kwepamusoro uye, kana kutengeserana kwapera, kunodzosera midziyo muBitcoin "vault." Muenzaniso wemhinduro yakadai ndeye Mheni Network. Yechipiri nzira ndeyekugadzira blockchain nyowani iyo ichapa iyo yakanyanya mwero yekuchengetedza uku uchibvumira kukurumidza, kwakachipa kutengeserana, seLibra.
- Zvekuita zvepachivande: Kuti uchengetedze kuvanzika kuzere panguva yekutengeserana, iwe unofanirwa kuwedzera iyo inonymization layer. Izvi zvinoderedza kushanda uye kuwedzera mutengo, iyo iyo Zcash neMonero vanoshanda.
Sezvo mari yakadai iri chiratidzo icho chiri chakazara dhijitari asset, inogona zvakare kurongwa padanho rekutanga rehurongwa. Semuenzaniso, huwandu hweBitcoin huchagadzirwa nekufamba kwenguva hunorongedzerwa mukati meiyo Bitcoin system. Nekuvaka yakanaka komputa system pamusoro peiyo yekutanga nhanho, inogona kutorwa kune imwe nhanho nyowani.
Apa ndipo panopinda mari yakavhurika.
Chizvarwa chechipiri: mari yakavhurika
Nemari yakavhurika, mari haisisiri chitoro chekukosha kana chishandiso chekutengesa - ikozvino inogona kushandiswa kukosha, iyo inowedzera kugona kwayo.
Izvo zvakafanana zvinobvumira vanhu kuita Bitcoin kutamisa pachena zvakare inobvumira vanogadzira kunyora mapurogiramu anoita chinhu chimwe chete. Kubva pane izvi, ngatifungei kuti mari yedhijitari ine yayo yakazvimirira API, yekushandisa iyo yausingade kuwana kiyi yeAPI kana chibvumirano chemushandisi kubva kune chero kambani.
Izvi ndizvo zvinovimbiswa ne "mari yakavhurika," inozivikanwawo se "decentralized finance" (DeFi), inovimbisa.
ETHEREUM
Sezvambotaurwa, iyo Bitcoin API iri nyore uye haina zvibereko. Zvakakwana kuendesa zvinyorwa paBitcoin network inobvumira kuti ishande. Kuti uite chimwe chinhu chinonakidza, unofanirwa kufambisa Bitcoin pachayo kune imwe blockchain platform, iyo isiri basa riri nyore.
Mamwe mapuratifomu akashanda kuti abatanidze mwero wepamusoro wechengetedzo inodiwa pamari yedhijitari ine mwero wakaoma wekugadzirisa. Ethereum ndiye akatanga kuburitsa izvi. Panzvimbo pekuwedzera uye kubvisa "calculator" yeBitcoin, Ethereum yakagadzira muchina wose wepamusoro pamusoro pechigadziko chekuchengetedza, iyo yakabvumira vanogadzira kunyora mapurogiramu akazara uye vanomhanya navo zvakananga pamaketani.
Chakakosha ndechekuti kuchengetedzwa kwemidziyo yedhijitari (yakadai semari) inochengetwa pamaketani kwakafanana nekuchengetedzeka uye kuvimbika kwezvirongwa zvinogona kushandura mamiriro echeni iyoyo. Ethereum smart kontrakiti zvirongwa zvinonyanya serverless zvinyorwa izvo zvinotevedzwa pacheni nenzira imwecheteyo seyakajairika "send Jill 23 tokens" transaction inoitwa paBitcoin. Ethereum's native token is ether, kana ETH.
Blockchain Zvikamu sePipeline
Sezvo API iri pamusoro peETH iri paruzhinji (seBitcoin) asi isingaverengeki inorongwa, zvaive zvichibvira kugadzira nhevedzano yezvivakwa zvekuvaka izvo zvinoendesa Ether kune mumwe nemumwe kuita basa rinobatsira kumushandisi wekupedzisira.
Mu "nyika yakajairika," izvi zvingada, semuenzaniso, bhangi hombe raizotaurirana mazwi echibvumirano uye kuwana API nemupi wega wega. Asi pa blockchain, chimwe nechimwe chezvivharo izvi chakagadzirwa chakazvimirira nevagadziri uye chikakurumidza kukwira kusvika kumamiriyoni emadhora mukubuditsa uye kuchengetedza kweinopfuura bhiriyoni imwe yemadhora mukukosha kubva kutanga kwa1.
Semuenzaniso, ngatitangei neDharma, chikwama chinobvumira vashandisi kuchengeta tokeni dzedhijitari uye kuwana mhindu pazviri. Uyu ndiwo musimboti wakakosha wekushandisa iyo yechinyakare banking system. Vagadziri veDharma vanopa mubereko kune vashandisi vavo nekubatanidza zvikamu zvakawanda zvakavakwa pamusoro peEthereum. Semuenzaniso, madhora evashandisi anoshandurwa kuita DAI, Ethereum-based stablecoin iyo yakaenzana nedhora rekuUS. Iyi stablecoin inozoiswa pombi muCompound, protocol inokweretesa mari iyi nemubereko uye nekudaro inowana mubereko kune vashandisi.
Kushandiswa kwemari yakavhurika
Chinhu chikuru chekutora ndechekuti chigadzirwa chekupedzisira chinosvika kumushandisi chakavakwa pachishandiswa zvinhu zvakawanda, chimwe nechimwe chakavakwa nechikwata chakasiyana, uye pakanga pasina chikonzero chekuwana mvumo kana kiyi yeAPI yekushandisa izvo zvikamu. Parizvino pane mabhiriyoni emadhora ari kutenderera muhurongwa uhu. Inenge yakavhurika sosi software, asi kana yakavhurika sosi software ichida kuti iwe utore kopi yeraibhurari yakatarwa yega yega kuita, ipapo yakavhurika sosi zvikamu zvinoiswa kamwe chete, uyezve mushandisi wega wega anogona kutumira zvikumbiro kune chimwe chikamu kuti uwane iyo yakagovaniswa. state.
Chimwe nechimwe chezvikwata zvakagadzira izvi zvikamu hazvina mhosva kune chero yakawandisa EC2 mabhiri nekuda kwekushungurudzwa kweAPI yavo. Kutora kuverenga uye kubhadharisa kushandiswa kwezvikamu izvi zvakangoita otomatiki mukati meketani.
Performance uye tuning
Ethereum inoshanda neakaenzana parameters seBitcoin, asi zvidhinha zvinotamisirwa kunetiweki kanenge ka30 nekukurumidza uye zvakachipa - mutengo wekutengesa uri $0,1 pachinzvimbo chemadhora 0,5 muBitcoin. Izvi zvinopa chiyero chakakwana chekuchengetedza kune zvikumbiro zvinogadzirisa zvinhu zvemari uye hazvidi bandwidth yakakwirira.
IEthereum network, kuva teknolojia yechizvarwa chekutanga, yakakundwa nematambudziko ekukumbira kwepamusoro uye yakatambura kubva pakubuda kwe15 kutengesa kwechipiri. Iri gaka rekugadzira rakasiya mari yakavhurika yakanamatira muhumbowo-hwe-pfungwa mamiriro. Iyo congested network yakashanda seyepasi rose yezvemari munguva yeanalogi, ine mapepa ekuongorora uye kusimbiswa kwefoni, nokuti Ethereum ine simba shoma rekombiyuta kupfuura. 1990 yegore.
Ethereum yakaratidza kukwanisa kusanganisa zvikamu zvemakesi ekushandiswa kwemari uye yakazarura kupinda kune yakawanda yakawanda yezvikumbiro, inonzi internet yakazaruka.
Chizvarwa chechitatu: vhura internet
Iye zvino chero chinhu chine kukosha chinogona kuve mari, kubatanidza iyo Internet nemari yakavhurika uye nekudaro kugadzira iyo Internet yeKukosha uye Open Internet.
Sezvambotaurwa, iyo pfungwa yemari yakavhurika ine akawanda maapplication. Yakatsanangurawo kuti teknolojia yechizvarwa chinotevera, Ethereum, yakaita sei mari yakazaruka inobatsira nekugadzira mikana yekubatanidza zvikamu zvemari yakazaruka. Zvino ngatitarisei kuti chimwe chizvarwa chetekinoroji chiri kuwedzera sei hunyanzvi hwemari yakavhurika uye kuvhura mukana chaiwo we blockchain.
Pakutanga, "mari" yose yaitaurwa inongova rudzi rwe data inochengetwa pa blockchain ine API yayo yakazaruka. Asi database inogona kuchengeta chero chinhu.
Nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwayo, blockchain inonyanya kukodzera data ine kukosha kwakakosha. Tsanangudzo ye "ukoshi hunoreva" inoshanduka zvakanyanya. Chero data rine kukosha kune vanhu rinogona kuve tokenized. Tokenization mune ino mamiriro ndiyo maitiro ayo iripo asset (isina kugadzirwa kubva kutanga seBitcoin) inoendeswa kune blockchain uye yakapihwa iyo yakafanana yeruzhinji API seBitcoin kana Ethereum. Sezvakaita neBitcoin, izvi zvinobvumira kushomeka kuti kusikwe (kungava 21 miriyoni tokens kana imwe chete).
Funga nezvemuenzaniso weReddit, uko vashandisi vanowana mukurumbira wepamhepo nenzira ye "karma." Uye ngatitore purojekiti yakafanana neSofi, apo maitiro akawanda anoshandiswa kuongorora kugadzirisa kweumwe munhu. Munyika yanhasi, kana timu yehackathon ichigadzira iyo Sofi nyowani yaida kuvaka Reddit's karma rating mune yavo yekukweretesa algorithm, ivo vaizoda kupinda muchibvumirano chenzira mbiri nechikwata cheReddit kuti vawane mukana weiyo API. Kana "karma" yakaitwa chiratidzo, saka timu iyi yaizove nemidziyo yese inodiwa yekubatanidza ne "karma" uye Reddit yaisatomboziva nezvazvo. Aizongobatsirwa kubva kune chokwadi chekuti vashandisi vakawanda vanoda kuvandudza karma yavo, nokuti ikozvino haibatsiri chete mukati meReddit, asi pasi rose.
Kuenderera mberi, zvikwata zana zvakasiyana pane inotevera hackathon inogona kuuya nenzira nyowani dzekushandisa ichi uye zvimwe zvinhu kugadzira seti nyowani yezveruzhinji inowanikwazve zvinogoneka kana kuvaka zvikumbiro zvitsva zvevatengi. Iyi ipfungwa yeinternet yakavhurika.
Ethereum yakaita kuti zvive nyore kupeta mazakwatira emari kuburikidza nezvikamu zvinowanikwa pachena, nenzira imwecheteyo ichibvumira chero pfuma inogona kuiswa, kushandiswa, kutengeswa, kutsigirwa, kuchinjwa, kana kuti zvimwe zvakabatanidzwa sezvazviri mumagariro ayo ehurumende kuti aendeswe. API.
Kugadzirira internet yakavhurika
Iyo internet yakavhurika haina kusiyana neyakavhurika mari: ingori superstructure pamusoro pavo. Kuwedzera makesi ekushandisa einternet yakavhurika kunoda kusvetuka kwakakosha mukuita pamwe nekugona kukwezva vashandisi vatsva.
Kuti uchengetedze Internet yakavhurika, chikuva chinoda zvinotevera zvivakwa:
- Kuwanda kwekushandisa, kumhanya kwepamusoro uye kutengeserana kwakachipa. Sezvo cheni isingachapfuuriri pane inononoka manejimendi yeasethi sarudzo, inoda kuyera kutsigira mamwe akaomarara emhando dzedata uye makesi ekushandisa.
- Usability. Sezvo makesi ekushandisa achizoshandura mumashandisirwo emushandisi, zvakakosha kuti zvikamu zvinogadzirwa nevagadziri, kana maapplication akagadzirwa navo, ape chiitiko chakanaka kumushandisi wekupedzisira. Semuenzaniso, pavanogadzira account kana kubatanidza iripo kune akasiyana midziyo uye mapuratifomu uye panguva imwechete chengetedza kutonga pamusoro peiyo data iri mumaoko emushandisi.
Hapana yemapuratifomu aive nehunhu hwakadai kare nekuda kwekuoma kwadzo. Zvakatora makore ekutsvagisa kusvika padanho rekuti nzira itsva dzekubvumirana dzakasanganiswa nenguva itsva dzekumhanya uye nzira nyowani dzekuyera-uchichengetedza mashandiro uye kuchengetedzwa kwemazinga anodiwa kune pfuma.
Vhura Internet Platform
Mazana emapurojekiti eblockchain ari kuuya kumusika gore rino akagadzirisa mapuratifomu avo kugadzirisa akasiyana siyana akavhurika mari uye akavhura nyaya dzekushandisa mari. Tichifunga nezve zvisingakwanisi tekinoroji panguva ino, zvaive zvinobatsira kwavari kukwidziridza chikuva chavo cheiyo niche.
PEDYO ndiyo chete cheni yakakwenenzvera tekinoroji yayo nekugadzirisa maitiro ayo ekuita kuti isangane zvizere nezvinodiwa zveInternet yakavhurika.
PEDYO inosanganisa nzira dzekuyera kubva kunyika dzepamusoro-soro dhatabhesi nekuvandudzwa kwenguva yekumhanya uye makore ekuvandudza kwekushandisa. Kufanana neEthereum, PEDYO ine yakazara-yakazara muchina wakavakirwa pamusoro pe blockchain, asi kuti uenderane nezvinodiwa, iyo yepasi cheni inoyera kubuda kweiyo chaiyo muchina nekutyora macalculation kuita parallel process (sharding). Uye panguva imwechete iyo inochengetedza kuchengeteka pachiyero chinodiwa chekuchengetedza data yakavimbika.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti kese dzese dzinogoneka dzekushandisa dzinogona kuiswa pa PEDYO: fiat-backed coins inopa munhu wese mukana kune yakagadzikana mari, yakavhurika mainjini emari inokwira kune yakaoma zvemari zviridzwa uye kudzoka zvakare vanhuwo zvavo vasati vaashandisa, uye pakupedzisira yakavhurwa sosi zvikumbiro. Internet, iyo inosanganisira zvese izvi zvekutengesa zuva nezuva uye kudyidzana.
mhedziso
Iyo nyaya yeinternet yakavhurika ichangotanga nekuti isu tangogadzira matekinoroji anodiwa kuti isvike pachiyero chayo chaicho. Iye zvino kuti danho guru iri ratorwa, ramangwana richavakwa pane hutsva hunogona kugadzirwa kubva kune idzi tekinoroji nyowani, pamwe nehunyanzvi hwetekinoroji hwevagadziri nevashambadziri vari pamberi peichi chokwadi chitsva.
Kuti unzwisise zvingangoitika zveinternet yakavhurika, funga kumashure kune "Cambrian kuputika" kwakaitika panguva yekugadzirwa kwekutanga internet protocol inodiwa kubvumidza vashandisi kuti vapedze mari online mukupera kwema1990s. Kwemakore makumi maviri neshanu akatevera, kutengeserana kwepamhepo kwakakura, kuunza mari inodarika madhora maviri emadhora muhuwandu gore rega rega.
Saizvozvo, iyo internet yakavhurika inowedzera chiyero uye kusvika kune yakavhurika mari yekutanga uye inovabvumira kuti ibatanidzwe mubhizinesi uye maapplication akatarisana nevatengi nenzira dzatinogona kufungidzira, asi kwete kufanotaura.
Ngativakei Internet yakazaruka pamwechete!
Rondedzero diki yezviwanikwa kune avo vanoda kuchera zvakadzika izvozvi:
1. Unogona kuona kuti budiriro yeNEAR inoita sei uye kuyedza muIDE yepamhepo .
2. Vagadziri vanoda kujoina ecosystem .
3. Zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvevagadziri muChirungu zviripo .
4. Unogona kutevera nhau dzose muchiRussia pa , uye mukati
5. Kana uine mazano emabasa anofambiswa nenharaunda uye uchida kushanda paari, huya kwatiri rutsigiro kune vezvemabhizimisi.
Source: www.habr.com