Neimwe nguva pane imwe nguva ndakafunga kunyora chinyorwa nezve kuburitsa nenzira yeDocker midziyo uye dhibhi mapakeji, asi pandakatanga, nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero ndakatakurwa kudzokera kunguva dziri kure dzekutanga makomputa uye kunyange macalculator. Kazhinji, pachinzvimbo chekuenzanisa kwakaoma kwedocker uye deb, isu tine pfungwa idzi pamusoro penyaya yekushanduka-shanduka, yandinopa kuti utarise iwe.
Chero chigadzirwa, zvisinei kuti chii, chinofanira neimwe nzira kusvika kumaseva echigadzirwa, chinofanira kugadzirwa uye kutangwa. Ndizvo zvichange zviri munyaya ino.
Ini ndichafunga munhoroondo yenhoroondo, "zvandinoona ndizvo zvandinoimba nezvazvo," zvandakaona pandakatanga kunyora kodhi uye zvandinoona izvozvi, izvo isu pachedu tiri kushandisa panguva ino uye nei. Chinyorwa chacho hachiedze kunge chidzidzo chakazara, mamwe mapoinzi anopotswa, aya ndiwo maonero angu ega ezvaive uye zvazvino.
Saka, mumazuva akanaka ekare ... nzira yekutanga yekuendesa iyo yandakawana yaive matepi emakaseti kubva kumatepi ekurekodha. Ndaive nekombuta BK-0010.01...
Nguva yema calculator
Aiwa, paive nekanguva kadiki, paivewo necalculator ΠΈ .
Saka pandaiva , ipapo nzira yekuendesa purogiramu yacho yaiva bepawo zvaro mubhokisi rakanyorwa purogiramu, iyo, kana zvichidiwa, kuti iite nemaoko, yainyorwa mu<em>calculator. Kana iwe uchida kutamba (hongu, kunyange iyi antediluvian calculator yaiva nemitambo) - iwe unogara pasi uye unopinda purogiramu mune karukureta. Sezvingatarisirwa, karukureta payakadzimwa, purogiramu yakanyangarika mukukanganwa. Pamusoro pemakodhi emakarukureta akanyorwa pabepa, zvirongwa zvakaburitswa mumagazini "Radio" uye "Technology yeVechidiki", uye zvakaburitswawo mumabhuku enguva iyoyo.
Iyo inotevera gadziriso yaive Calculator , inotova neimwe sengeredzo yekusagadzikana kwekuchengetedza data. Iye zvino mutambo kana chirongwa hachifanirwe kupinzwa nemaoko, asi mushure mekuita mamwe mashiripiti anopfuura nemabhatani, chakazvitakura.
Saizi yepurogiramu yakakura kwazvo mu calculator yaive nhanho zana neshanu, uye saizi yekusingaperi ndangariro muMK-105 yaive 52 matanho.
Nenzira, kana paine mafeni eaya ma calculator ari kuverenga chinyorwa ichi, mukunyora chinyorwa ndakawana ese ari maviri emulator Calculator ye Android uye zvirongwa zvayo. Pamberi kune zvakapfuura!
A pfupi digression nezve MK-52 (kubva kuWikipedia)
MK-52 yakabhururukira muchadenga paSoyuz TM-7 spacecraft. Yaifanirwa kushandiswa kuverenga nzira yekumhara kana komputa iri pabhodhi yatadza.
Kubva 52, iyo MK-1988 ine Elektronika-Astro memory yekuwedzera unit yakapihwa kune ngarava dzeNavy sechikamu chekufambisa komputa kit.
Makombiyuta ekutanga emunhu
Ngatidzokerei kunguva . Zviripachena kuti pakanga paine ndangariro zhinji ipapo, uye kutaipa kodhi kubva pabepa yakanga isisiri sarudzo (kunyangwe pakutanga ndakazviita izvo, nekuti pakanga pasina imwe svikiro). Makaseti ekurekodha ematepi ari kuva nzira huru yekuchengeta uye kuendesa software.
Kuchengeta pakaseti kwaiwanzova muchimiro cheimwe kana maviri mabhinari mafaira, zvimwe zvose zvaiva mukati. Kuvimbika kwaive kwakaderera, ndaifanira kuchengeta 2-3 makopi echirongwa. Nguva dzekurodha dzaishungurudzawo, uye vanofarira vakaedza akasiyana frequency encodings kuti vakunde zvikanganiso izvi. Panguva iyoyo, ini pachangu ndakanga ndisati ndabatanidzwa mukugadzira software yehunyanzvi (tisingaverenge zvirongwa zviri nyore muBASIC), saka, zvinosuruvarisa, ini handisi kuzokuudza zvakadzama kuti zvese zvakarongwa sei mukati. Icho chokwadi chekuti komputa yaingove ne RAM kune iyo yakawanda yakatemesa kureruka kweiyo data kuchengetedza chirongwa.
Kubuda kweakavimbika uye hombe yekuchengetedza midhiya
Gare gare, mafloppy disks akaonekwa, maitiro ekukopa akareruka, uye kuvimbika kwakawedzera.
Asi mamiriro acho anochinja zvakanyanya chete kana akakura akakura enzvimbo ekuchengetera achionekwa muchimiro cheHDDs.
Mhando yekutumira iri kushanduka zvakanyanya: zvirongwa zvekuisa zvinoonekwa zvinogadzirisa maitiro ekugadzirisa sisitimu, pamwe nekuchenesa mushure mekubviswa, sezvo zvirongwa zvisiri kungoverengerwa mundangariro, asi zvakatokopwa kunzvimbo yekuchengetedza, kubva kwaunoda kukwanisa kubvisa zvinhu zvisina basa kana zvichidiwa.
Panguva imwecheteyo, kuoma kwesoftware inopihwa kuri kuwedzera.
Huwandu hwemafaira mukutumira hunowedzera kubva kune vashoma kusvika kumazana nezviuru, kukakavara pakati peshanduro dzeraibhurari uye mamwe mafaro anotanga apo mapurogiramu akasiyana anoshandisa data yakafanana.
Panguva iyoyo, kuvepo kweLinux kwanga kusati kwavhurika kwandiri; Ndaigara munyika yeMS DOS uye, gare gare, Windows, uye ndakanyora muBorland Pascal neDelphi, dzimwe nguva ndakatarisa kuC ++. Vanhu vazhinji vakashandisa InstallShield kuendesa zvigadzirwa kare ikako. , iyo yakanyatso gadzirisa zvese zvakapihwa mabasa ekuisa uye kugadzirisa software.
Nguva yeInternet
Zvishoma nezvishoma, kuoma kwemasoftware system kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera kuoma; kubva kune monolith uye desktop application pane shanduko kune yakagoverwa masisitimu, vatengi vatete uye microservices. Iye zvino iwe unofanirwa kugadzirisa kwete purogiramu imwe chete, asi seti yavo, uye kuitira kuti vose vashande pamwe chete.
Iyo pfungwa yakachinja zvachose, iyo Internet yakauya, nguva yemasevhisi emakore yakasvika. Kusvika ikozvino, chete muchikamu chekutanga, muchimiro chewebhusaiti, hapana munhu akanyanya kurota nezvesevhisi. asi yakanga iri nguva yechinjo muzvose zviri zviviri kuvandudzwa nokutumirwa kwezvikumbiro.
Ini pachangu, ndakaona kuti panguva iyoyo pakanga paine shanduko muzvizvarwa zvevagadziri (kana kuti yaingova munharaunda yangu), uye pakanga paine manzwiro ekuti nzira dzese dzekare dzekutakura dzakakanganikwa pane imwe nguva uye zvese zvakatanga kubva kune chaiyo. kutanga: kutumirwa kwese kwakatanga kuitwa zvinyorwa zvemabvi uye nekudada akaitumidza kuti "Kuendesa mberi". Kutaura zvazviri, nguva yemhirizhonga yakatanga, apo yekare yakakanganwa uye isingashandisi, uye itsva haipo.
Ndinorangarira nguva apo mukambani yedu yandaishanda ipapo (ini handichazvidudza zita), panzvimbo yekuvaka nemasvosve (maven yakanga isati yazivikanwa kana kuti yakanga isipo zvachose), vanhu vaingonhonga zvirongo muIDE ndokuzvipira. iri muSVN. Saizvozvo, kutumirwa kwaisanganisira kudzoreredza faira kubva kuSVN uye kurikopa kuburikidza neSSH kumuchina waunoda. Zviri nyore uye zvinonetsa.
Panguva imwecheteyo, kuendeswa kwemasaiti akareruka muPHP kwakaitwa nenzira yechinyakare nekungokopa faira rakagadziriswa kuburikidza neFTP kumushini wakananga. Dzimwe nguva izvi handizvo - iyo kodhi yakagadziridzwa ichirarama pane chigadzirwa server, uye yainyanya chic kana paine backups kumwe kunhu.
RPM uye DEB mapakeji
Kune rumwe rutivi, nekuvandudzwa kweInternet, UNIX-senge masisitimu akatanga kuwedzera mukurumbira, kunyanya, panguva iyoyo ndipo pandakawana RedHat Linux 6, ingangoita 2000. Sezvingatarisirwa, pakanga painewo dzimwe nzira dzekuendesa software; maererano neWikipedia, RPM semukuru wepakeji maneja akaonekwa kare muna 1995, mushanduro yeRedHat Linux 2.0. Uye kubva ipapo uye nanhasi, sisitimu yakaunzwa muchimiro cheRPM mapakeji uye yakanyatso budirira iripo nekusimudzira.
Kugoverwa kwemhuri yeDebian yakatevera nzira yakafanana uye yakashandisa kuendesa nenzira yemapakiti edeb, iyo yakaramba isina kuchinjika nanhasi.
Package mamaneja vanokutendera kuti uunze zvigadzirwa zvesoftware ivo pachavo, vagadzirise panguva yekumisikidza, maneja zvinotsamira pakati pemapakeji akasiyana, bvisa zvigadzirwa uye kuchenesa zvisina basa panguva yekubvisa. Avo. kune chikamu chikuru, ndizvo zvese zvinodikanwa, ndosaka vakagara makumi emakore akati wandei vasina kushanduka.
Cloud computing yakawedzera kuisirwa kumapakeji mamaneja kwete chete kubva kumitambo midhiya, asiwo kubva kune gore repositories, asi zvakanyanya zvishoma zvachinja.
Izvo zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti parizvino kune mamwe mafambiro ekuenda kure nedeb uye nekuchinja kune snap mapakeji, asi zvimwe pane izvo gare gare.
Saka, ichi chizvarwa chitsva chevagadziri vemakore, avo vasingazive DEB kana RPM, vakakurawo zvishoma nezvishoma, vakawana ruzivo, zvigadzirwa zvakava zvakaomarara, uye dzimwe nzira dzekutumira dzinonzwisisika dzaidiwa kupfuura FTP, bash script uye zvakafanana mhizha dzevadzidzi.
Uye apa ndipo panouya Docker mumufananidzo, rudzi rwemusanganiswa we virtualization, resource delimitation uye nzira yekuendesa. Ifashoni uye yepwere ikozvino, asi inodiwa kune zvese? Iyi panacea here?
Kubva pane zvandinoona, kazhinji Docker inotsanangurwa kwete sesarudzo ine musoro, asi nekungoti, kune rimwe divi, inotaurwa nezvayo munharaunda, uye avo vanoikurudzira vanozviziva chete. Kune rumwe rutivi, kune chikamu chikuru ivo vakanyarara nezve yakanaka yekare yekurongedza masisitimu - ivo varipo uye vanoita basa ravo chinyararire uye vasingaonekwe. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, hapana imwe sarudzo - sarudzo iri pachena - Docker.
Ini ndichaedza kugovera ruzivo rwangu rwemashandisiro atakaita Docker uye zvakaitika semhedzisiro.
Zvinyorwa zvekuzvinyora
Pakutanga, pakanga paine bash scripts aiendesa jar archives kumichina inodiwa. Iyi nzira yaitungamirirwa naJenkins. Izvi zvakashanda zvinobudirira, sezvo chirongo chekuchengetedza pachayo chatova gungano rine makirasi, zviwanikwa uye kunyange gadziriro. Kana iwe ukaisa zvese mukati mayo kusvika pakakwirira, ipapo kuwedzera kune script hachisi chinhu chakaoma chaunoda
Asi zvinyorwa zvine zvipingamupinyi zvakati wandei:
- magwaro anowanzo kunyorwa nekukasira uye nekudaro ndeechinyakare zvekuti anongova nechiitiko chimwe chete chakanakisa. Izvi zvinofambiswa nenyaya yekuti mugadziri anofarira kukurumidza kuburitsa, uye yakajairika script inoda kuisirwa mari yakawanda yezviwanikwa.
- semhedzisiro yenzvimbo yapfuura, zvinyorwa hazvina maitiro ekubvisa
- hapana yakagadziriswa nzira yekusimudzira
- Kana chigadzirwa chitsva chikaonekwa, unofanirwa kunyora script nyowani
- hapana kutsamira rutsigiro
Zvechokwadi, iwe unogona kunyora script yakaoma, asi, sezvandakanyora pamusoro apa, iyi inguva yekukura, uye kwete zvishoma, uye, sezvatinoziva, pane nguva isina kukwana.
Zvese izvi zviripachena zvinoganhurira huwandu hwekushandiswa kweiyi nzira yekuendesa kune chete akareruka masisitimu. Nguva yasvika yekuchinja izvi.
Docker
Pane imwe nguva, vachangobva kuumbwa vepakati vakatanga kuuya kwatiri, vachipisa nemazano uye vachipopota nezve docker. Zvakanaka, mureza uri muruoko - ngatiite! Pakaedza kaviri. Vese vari vaviri havana kubudirira - ngatitii, nekuda kweshungu huru, asi kushaya ruzivo chairwo. Kwakanga kuri madikanwa here kuimanikidzira ndokuipedza nenzira ipi neipi yaidikanwa? Hazvigoneke - timu inofanirwa kusimuka kusvika padanho rinodiwa isati yashandisa maturusi akakodzera. Uye zvakare, pakushandisa yakagadzirira-yakagadzirwa Docker mifananidzo, taiwanzosangana nenyaya yekuti network haina kushanda nemazvo (izvo zvingave zvakakonzerwa nekunyorova kweDocker pachayo) kana kuti zvaive zvakaoma kuwedzera midziyo yevamwe vanhu.
Ndezvipi zvipingamupinyi zvatakasangana nazvo?
- Matambudziko etiweki mune bhiriji modhi
- Hazvina kunaka kuona matanda mumudziyo (kana asina kuchengetwa zvakasiyana mufaira remuchina wemuchina)
- ElasticSearch dzimwe nguva inotonhora zvisingaite mukati memudziyo, chikonzero hachisati chatemwa, mudziyo uri pamutemo.
- Izvo zvinodikanwa kushandisa goko mukati memudziyo - zvese zvakabviswa zvakanyanya, hapana akajairwa maturusi
- Hukuru hukuru hwemidziyo yakaunganidzwa - inodhura kuchengeta
- Nekuda kwehukuru hukuru hwemidziyo, zvakaoma kutsigira akawanda mavhezheni
- Yakareba nguva yekuvaka, kusiyana nedzimwe nzira (zvinyorwa kana deb mapakeji)
Kune rimwe divi, nei zvakanyanya kuipa kuendesa sevhisi yeChirimo muchimiro chechirongo chekuchengetedza kuburikidza nedhibhi rimwe chete? Kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe kunodiwa here? Zvakakodzera here kurasikirwa zviri nyore zvekushandisa sisitimu maturusi nekuisa sevhisi mumudziyo wakaderedzwa zvakanyanya?
Sekuratidzwa kwakaratidza, muchokwadi izvi hazvidiwi, iyo deb package inokwana mu90% yemakesi.
Iyo yakanaka yekare dhibhi inotadza riini uye isu tinonyatsoda docker riini?
Kwatiri, uku kwaive kuendesa masevhisi mupython. Mazhinji maraibhurari anodiwa pakudzidza kwemuchina uye asina kuisirwa mukugoverwa kwakajairwa kweiyo sisitimu yekushandisa (uye chii chaivepo chaive neshanduro dzisiridzo), ma hacks ane marongero, kudiwa kweshanduro dzakasiyana dzemasevhisi akasiyana anogara pane imwechete host system yakatungamira izvi, kuti nzira chete ine musoro yekuendesa iyi musanganiswa wenyukireya yaive docker. Kusimba kwebasa rekuunganidza chigadziko chedocker kwakava kwakadzikira pane zano rekuirongedza zvese mumapaketi akapatsanurwa edhibhi ane zvinotsamira, uye kutaura zvazviri hapana aive nepfungwa dzakanaka angaite izvi.
Yechipiri poindi yatinoronga kushandisa Docker ndeyekuisa masevhisi tichishandisa bhuruu-girinhi deploy scheme. Asi pano ini ndinoda kuwana zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera kwekuoma: kutanga, dhibhi mapakeji anovakwa, uyezve docker mudziyo unovakwa kubva kwavari.
Snap mapakeji
Ngatidzokere ku snap package. Vakatanga kuoneka zviri pamutemo muUbuntu 16.04. Kusiyana neakajairwa dhibhi mapakeji uye rpm mapakeji, snap inotakura zvese zvinotsamira. Kune rimwe divi, izvi zvinokutendera kuti udzivise kukakavara kweraibhurari, kune rumwe rutivi, iyo inoguma pasuru yakakura muhukuru. Uye zvakare, izvi zvinogona zvakare kukanganisa kuchengetedzeka kweiyo sisitimu: kana iri snap kuendesa, shanduko dzese kumaraibhurari anosanganisirwa dzinofanirwa kutariswa nemugadziri anogadzira iyo package. Kazhinji, hazvisi zvese zviri nyore uye mufaro wepasirese haubvi pakuvashandisa. Asi, zvakadaro, iyi inzira inonzwisisika kana iyo Docker imwe chete ichishandiswa sechokurongedza uye kwete yekuona.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, isu ikozvino tinoshandisa ese madhibha mapakeji uye docker midziyo mune inonzwisisika musanganiswa, iyo, pamwe, mune dzimwe nguva isu tichatsiva ne snap mapakeji.
Vashandisi vakanyoresa chete ndivo vanogona kutora chikamu muongororo. , Munogamuchirwa.
Chii chaunoshandisa pakutumira?
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Zvinyorwa zvekuzvinyora
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Kopa nemaoko kuFTP
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deb package
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rpm mapakeji
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snap package
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Docker-mifananidzo
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Virtual muchina mifananidzo
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Clone iyo yose HDD
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puppet
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anable
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Zvimwe
109 vashandisi vakavhota. 32 vashandisi vakaramba.
Source: www.habr.com