St. Petersburg, 2012
Chinyorwa hachisi nezvehuzivi paInternet uye kwete nezvehuzivi hweInternet - uzivi neInternet zvakapatsanurwa mukati maro: chikamu chekutanga chechinyorwa chakatsaurirwa kufilosofi, yechipiri kuInternet. Pfungwa ye "evolution" inoshanda sechinhu chinobatanidza pakati pezvikamu zviviri: hurukuro ichatarisa uzivi hwekushanduka-shanduka uye nezve Internet shanduko. Kutanga, zvicharatidzwa sei uzivi - uzivi evolutionism yepasi rose, akashongedzerwa pfungwa "singularity" - zvisingadzivisiki zvinotitungamirira pfungwa kuti Indaneti ndiyo prototype ramangwana post-social evolutionary system; uye ipapo iyo Internet pachayo, kana kuti pfungwa yekusimudzirwa kwayo, ichasimbisa kodzero yehuzivi yekukurukura nyaya dzinoita kunge dzakangoita tekinoroji.
Technology singularity
Pfungwa ye "umwechete" ine epithet "tekinoroji" yakaunzwa nenyanzvi yemasvomhu uye munyori Vernor Vinge kuti ataure chinhu chakakosha paakisi yenguva yebudiriro yebudiriro. Achiwedzera kubva kune yakakurumbira mutemo waMoore, maererano nehuwandu hwezvinhu mumakomputa processors zvakapetwa kaviri mwedzi yese ye18, akaita fungidziro yekuti pane imwe nzvimbo yakapoteredza 2025 (kupa kana kutora makore gumi) machipisi emakombuta anofanirwa kuenzana nesimba rekombuta rehuropi hwemunhu. Chokwadi, zviri pamutemo - zvinoenderana nenhamba inotarisirwa yekushanda). Vinge akataura kuti mhiri kwemuganhu uyu chimwe chinhu chisina hunhu, hungwaru hwekunyepedzera, hwakatimirira (vanhu), uye isu tinofanirwa kufunga nezve kana isu tichigona (uye kana tichifanira) kudzivirira kurwiswa uku.
Evolutionary planetary singularity
Chechipiri chekufarira mudambudziko rehumwe chakamuka mushure mekunge masayendisiti akati wandei (Panov, Kurzweil, Snooks) aita ongororo yenhamba yechiitiko chekukurumidza kushanduka-shanduka, ndiko kuderedzwa kwenguva pakati pematambudziko ekushanduka-shanduka, kana, mumwe angati, "mabhindauko. β munhoroondo yePasi. Kuchinja kwakadaro kunosanganisira njodzi yeokisijeni uye kutaridzika kunobatanidzwa kwemasero enyukireya (eukaryotes); Kuputika kweCambrian - nokukurumidza, inenge pakarepo nepaleontological mitemo, kuumbwa kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvisikwa zvakawanda, kusanganisira vertebrates; nguva dzekuonekwa uye kupera kwemadinosaur; mavambo ehominids; Neolithic uye kumukira kwemaguta; kutanga kweMiddle Ages; maindasitiri uye ruzivo shanduko; kuparara kwebipolar imperialist system (kuparara kweUSSR). Zvakaratidzwa kuti zvakanyorwa uye dzimwe nguva zhinji dzeshanduko munhoroondo yepasi redu dzinokwana mune imwe pateni-formula ine imwe mhinduro kutenderera 2027. Muchiitiko ichi, kusiyana nefungidziro yekufungidzira yaVinge, isu tiri kubata ne "humwe" mupfungwa yechinyakare yemasvomhu - huwandu hwematambudziko panguva ino, zvichienderana neiyo empirically yakatorwa formula, inova isingaperi, uye mikaha pakati pavo inowanzoitika. zero, kureva kuti, mhinduro kuequation inova isina chokwadi.
Zviri pachena kuti kunongedza kune imwe pfungwa yekushanduka-shanduka kunotiratidza pane chimwe chinhu chakakosha kupfuura kuwedzera kwebhanari mukugadzirwa kwekombuta - tinonzwisisa kuti tiri padanho rechiitiko chakakosha munhoroondo yepasi.
Zvematongerwo enyika, zvetsika, zvehupfumi sezvikonzero zvedambudziko rakakwana rebudiriro
Iyo yakasarudzika yeiyo nguva yenhoroondo yenguva (iyo inotevera 10-20 makore) inoratidzwa zvakare nekuongororwa kwehupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika, tsika, nesainzi nzvimbo dzenharaunda (yakaitwa neni mubasa ""): kuwedzera kwemaitiro ebudiriro aripo mumamiriro ekufambira mberi kwesainzi uye tekinoroji zvinotungamira kune "pamwe" mamiriro.
Iyo yazvino hurongwa hwemari nehupfumi, muchidimbu, chishandiso chekubatanidza kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakapatsanurwa munguva nenzvimbo. Kana tikaongorora mafambiro ekugadzirwa kwetiweki nzira dzekutaurirana uye kugadzira otomatiki, tinogona kusvika pamhedziso yekuti nekufamba kwenguva, chiitiko chega chega chekushandisa chinenge chave pedyo nenguva kune chiitiko chekugadzira, izvo zvinozobvisa izvo zvinonyanya kudiwa. kuhurongwa hwemari nehupfumi huripo. Ndiko kuti, matekinoroji emazuva ano eruzivo ave kutosvika padanho rebudiriro apo kugadzirwa kwechimwe chigadzirwa kuchatemwa kwete nenhamba yemusika wekushandisa, asi nekurongeka kwemutengi chaiwo. Izvi zvinogoneka zvakare nekuda kwekuti kudzikiswa kwechisikigo mumutengo wenguva yekushanda yekugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa chimwe kunozopedzisira kwatungamira kune mamiriro apo kugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa ichi kunoda kushoma kuedza, kuderedzwa kuita chiitiko. yekuraira. Uyezve, semugumisiro wekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, chigadzirwa chikuru hachisi chigadzirwa chekugadzira, asi kushanda kwayo - chirongwa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kuvandudzwa kweruzivo rwemichina kunoratidza kusadzivirika kwedambudziko rakazara rehurongwa hwehupfumi hwemazuva ano mune ramangwana, uye mukana werutsigiro rwetekinoroji rusina kujeka rwemhando nyowani yekudyidzana kwekugadzira nekushandisa. Zvinonzwisisika kudana nguva yakatsanangurwa yekuchinja munhoroondo yemagariro ehupfumi hwehupfumi.
Mhedziso pamusoro pekuuya kwehukama hwezvematongerwo enyika hunogona kuwanikwa nekuongorora hukama pakati pezviito zviviri zvekutonga zvakapatsanurwa nekufamba kwenguva: kuita sarudzo yakakosha munharaunda uye kuongorora mhedzisiro yacho - ivo vanowanzosangana. Izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nekuti, kune rimwe divi, nekuda kwekugadzirwa chete uye zvikonzero zvetekinoroji, nguva yenguva pakati pekuita sarudzo dzakakosha munharaunda uye kuwana mhedzisiro iri kuderera zvishoma nezvishoma: kubva mumazana emakore kana makumi emakore apfuura kusvika kumakore, mwedzi, kana mazuva nyika yanhasi. Nekune rumwe rutivi, nekuvandudzwa kwenetwork information technologies, dambudziko guru rekutungamirira harizove rekugadzwa kwemuiti wesarudzo, asi kuongorora kushanda kwechigumisiro. Ndiko kuti, isu tinosvika kumamiriro ezvinhu apo mukana wekuita sarudzo unopiwa kumunhu wese, uye kuongororwa kwechigumisiro chechisarudzo hakudi chero nzira dzakakosha dzezvematongerwo enyika (zvakadai sekuvhota) uye dzinoitwa pakarepo.
Pamwe chete nehunyanzvi hwetekinoroji, hupfumi, uye zvematongerwo enyika, isu tinogona zvakare kutaura nezve humwechete hwakanyatso ratidza humwechete hwetsika: nezve shanduko kubva kune yakazara kukosha kweanotevedzana anotevedzana maitiro ehunyanzvi (nenguva yekupfupisa yekubudirira kwavo) kusvika pakufanana, kuvapo panguva imwe chete. iyo yose inogoneka yakasiyana-siyana yemhando dzetsika, kune rusununguko rwekusika kwega uye kushandiswa kwega kwezvigadzirwa zvekugadzirwa uku.
Musainzi nehuzivi, pane shanduko yezvinoreva nechinangwa cheruzivo kubva pakusikwa kwehurongwa hwepfungwa (dzidziso) kuenda kukukura kwekunzwisisa kwemunhu mumwe nemumwe, kusvika pakuumbwa kweinonzi post-scientific common sense, kana post. -umwe maonero enyika.
Singularity semagumo enguva yekushanduka-shanduka
Sechinyakare, nhaurirano pamusoro pehumwe - huviri hwetekinoroji hunoenderana nekunetsekana pamusoro pekuitwa kwevanhu nhapwa nehungwaru hwekugadzira, uye humwe hwemapuraneti, hunobva mukuongororwa kwematambudziko ezvakatipoteredza nebudiriro - inoitwa maererano nenjodzi. Nekudaro, zvichibva pane zvakajairika zvemhindumupindu, munhu haafanire kufungidzira kuuya kumwe chete sekuguma kwenyika. Zvinonyanya kufunga kufunga kuti tiri kubata nechiitiko chakakosha, chinonakidza, asi chisiri chakasiyana munhoroondo yepasi - neshanduko kune imwe nhanho yekushanduka-shanduka. Ndiko kuti, akati wandei emhinduro dzeumwe chete dzinomuka kana mafambiro ekuwedzera mukusimudzira kwepasi, nzanga, uye tekinoroji yedhijitari inoratidza kupedzwa kweinotevera (societal) yekushanduka-shanduka munhoroondo yepasirese yepasi uye kutanga kwechinyorwa chitsva. -societal imwe. Kureva kuti, tiri kubata nechiitiko chenhoroondo chinofananidzwa mukukosha neshanduko kubva kuprotobiological evolution kuenda kubiological (makore angangoita mabhiriyoni mana apfuura) uye kubva mukushanduka-shanduka kuenda kumagariro evanhu (makore angangoita mamiriyoni maviri nemazana mashanu apfuura).
Munguva dzeshanduko dzakataurwa, mhinduro dzehumwe dzakaonekwa zvakare. Saka, panguva yekuchinja kubva pachikamu cheprotobiological chekushanduka-shanduka kuenda padanho rezvipenyu, kutevedzana kwezvisina kurongeka zvemapolymers matsva akatsiviwa nekuenderera mberi kwemaitiro ekubereka kwawo, ayo anogona kudomwa se "synthesis singularity." Uye shanduko yekuenda kunharaunda yemagariro yakaperekedzwa ne "kumwe kwekugadziriswa": nhevedzano yezvipenyu inogadziriswa yakakura ikava nzira inoenderera yekugadzira uye kushandiswa kwezvishandiso zvinogadzirisa, ndiko kuti, zvinhu zvinobvumira munhu kupotsa pakarepo kuchinjira kune chero shanduko mu. nharaunda (yakatonhora - yakapfeka jasi remvere, yakatanga kunaya - yakavhura amburera). Singular maitiro anoratidza kupera social nhanho yemhindumupindu inogona kududzirwa se "kuumbwa kwehungwaru humwechete". Muchokwadi, mumakumi emakore adarika tanga tichicherechedza humwe uhwu seshanduko yeketani yezviwanikwa zvega zvega uye zvigadzirwa, zvakambopatsanurwa nenguva yakakosha yenguva, kuita kuyerera kunoenderera kwesainzi uye tekinoroji. Ndiko kuti, shanduko kune post-social nhanho ichazviratidza sekutsiva kweinoteedzana kutaridzika kwekugadzira hunyanzvi (zviwanikwa, zvigadzirwa) nechizvarwa chavo chinoenderera.
Mupfungwa iyi, kusvika pamwero wakati tinogona kutaura pamusoro pekuumbwa (kureva kuumbwa, kwete kusikwa) kwehungwaru hwekugadzira. Kusvika pamwero wakafanana, toti, kugadzirwa kwemagariro uye kushandiswa kwezvishandiso zvinogadziriswa zvinogona kunzi "hupenyu hwekugadzira," uye hupenyu pachahwo kubva pakuona kwekuenderera kuberekana kwe organic synthesis inogona kunzi "artificial synthesis." Kazhinji, shanduko yega yega yekushanduka-shanduka inodyidzana nekuona kushanda kwemaitiro ekutanga edanho rekushanduka-shanduka nenzira itsva, dzisiri dzakananga. Hupenyu inzira isiri-kemikari yekuberekazve makemikari synthesis; hungwaru inzira isiri yebhayoloji yekuona hupenyu. Kuenderera mberi nemafungiro aya, tinogona kutaura kuti post-social system ichava "isina musoro" nzira yekuvimbisa kuita kwehungwaru hwevanhu. Kwete mupfungwa ye "benzi", asi zviri muchimiro chisingaenderane nebasa rakangwara revanhu.
Zvichienderana neyakarongwa yemhindumupindu-hierarchical logic, munhu anogona kuita fungidziro nezve remangwana-social remangwana revanhu (elements of the sociosystem). Sezvo bioprocesses isina kutsiva maitiro emakemikari, asi, kutaura zvazviri, inomiririra kutevedzana kwakaoma kwadzo, sekushanda kwevanhu kwaisabvisa iyo biological (yakakosha) essence yemunhu, saka iyo post-social system haingoite kwete chete. kutsiva ungwaru hwevanhu, asi haungahupfuuri. Iyo post-social system ichashanda pahwaro hwehungwaru hwevanhu uye kuona mabasa ayo.
Tichishandisa ongororo yemaitiro ekuchinja kune mitsva yekushanduka-shanduka (biological, social) senzira yekufanotaura kwepasirese, tinogona kuratidza mamwe misimboti yeshanduko iri kuuya kune post-social evolution. (1) Kuchengetedzeka uye kugadzikana kweiyo yapfuura sisitimu panguva yekuumbwa kweimwe nyowani - munhu nevanhu, mushure mekuchinja kwekushanduka-shanduka kune imwe nhanho, vachachengeta nheyo dzekutanga dzesangano ravo rezvemagariro. (2) Chimiro chisina njodzi chekuchinja kune post-social system - shanduko haizoratidziri mukuparara kwezvimiro zvemazuva ano evolutionary system, asi inosanganiswa nekuumbwa kwedanho idzva. (3) Mhedziso yekubatanidzwa kwezvinhu zveiyo yapfuura evolutionary system mukushanda kweinotevera - vanhu vanozovimbisa kuenderera mberi kwekusika mune post-social system, kuchengetedza magariro avo. (4) Iko kusagoneka kwekugadzira misimboti yehurongwa hutsva hwekushanduka-shanduka maererano neyakapfuura - isu hatina uye hatizove nemutauro kana pfungwa dzekutsanangura iyo post-social system.
Post-social system uye ruzivo network
Misiyano yese yakatsanangurwa yehumwe, inoratidza shanduko irikuuya yekushanduka-shanduka, mune imwe nzira kana imwe yakabatana nekufambira mberi kwesainzi uye tekinoroji, kana zvakanyanya nekuvandudzwa kweruzivo. Humwe hwetekinoroji hwaVinge hunoratidza zvakananga pakusikwa kwehungwaru hwekugadzira, hungwaru hwepamusoro hunokwanisa kutora mativi ese ezviitwa zvevanhu. Girafu inotsanangura kukurumidza kwekushanduka kwepuraneti inosvika pachinhu chimwe chete, kana kuwanda kwekuchinja shanduko, kuwanda kwehunyanzvi kunofungidzirwa kuve kusingagumi, izvo zvine musoro zvakare kubatanidza neimwe mhando yekubudirira munetiweki tekinoroji. Humwe hwehupfumi nezvematongerwo enyika - musanganiswa wezviito zvekugadzira nekushandisa, kusangana kwenguva dzekuita sarudzo uye kuongororwa kwemhedzisiro yacho - zvakare mhedzisiro yakananga yekuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yeruzivo.
Ongororo yeshanduko dzakapfuura dzekushanduka-shanduka dzinotiudza kuti iyo post-social system inofanirwa kushandiswa pazvinhu zvakakosha zvesocial system - pfungwa dzemunhu dzakabatanidzwa nehukama husiri hwemagariro (kwete-kugadzirwa). Kureva kuti, sehupenyu huri chinhu chinosimbisa kugadzirwa kwemakemikari nenzira dzisiri dzemakemikari (kuburikidza nekubereka), uye chikonzero ndicho chinhu chinosimbisa kuberekana kwehupenyu nenzira dzisiri dzebhayoloji (mukugadzira), saka iyo post-social system. inofanira kurangarirwa sechimwe chinhu chinovimbisa kugadzirwa kwakangwara nenzira dzisiri dzenzanga . Iyo prototype yehurongwa hwakadaro munyika yemazuva ano, hongu, iyo yepasirese ruzivo network. Asi chaizvo senge prototype - kuti iparadze nepakati peiyo singularity, iyo pachayo inofanira kuramba ichipona kupfuura imwe dambudziko kuitira kuti ishanduke kuita chimwe chinhu chinozvikwanira, icho dzimwe nguva chinonzi semantic web.
Nyika Dzakawanda Dzidziso Yechokwadi
Kuti tikurukure misimboti inogoneka yekurongeka kweiyo post-social system uye shanduko yemazuva ano ruzivo network, mukuwedzera kune evolutionary kufunga, zvinodikanwa kugadzirisa humwe huzivi uye hunonzwisisika hwaro, kunyanya maererano nehukama pakati peontology uye chokwadi chine musoro.
Muuzivi hwemazuva ano, kune akati wandei anokwikwidza dzidziso dzechokwadi: mutori wenhau, chiremera, pragmatic, chinyakare, chakabatana uye vamwe vamwe, kusanganisira deflationary, iyo inoramba kukosha chaiko kweiyo pfungwa ye "chokwadi". Zvakaoma kufungidzira mamiriro ezvinhu aya seanogadziriswa, izvo zvinogona kuguma mukukunda kweimwe yedzidziso. Asi, isu tinofanira kusvika pakunzwisisa musimboti wehukama hwechokwadi, hunogona kuumbwa seizvi: chokwadi chemutsara chinogona kutaurwa chete uye chete mukati memiganhu yeimwe yeakawanda kana mashoma akavharwa masisitimu., iyo munyaya inoti β"Ndati ndifone nyika dzine musoro. Zviripachena kune mumwe nemumwe wedu kuti kuti titaure chokwadi chechirevo chatakataura, icho chinotaura imwe mamiriro ezvinhu muchokwadi chemunhu, mune yedu ontology, hapana chinongedzo kune chero dzidziso yechokwadi inodiwa: chirevo chokwadi nekungoiswa muontology yedu, munyika yedu ine musoro . Zviri pachena kuti kunewo nyika dzepamusoro-soro dzinonzwisisika, generalized ontologies yevanhu vanobatanidzwa nechimwe kana chimwe chiitiko - zvesayenzi, zvechitendero, zvekugadzira, nezvimwewo. Uye zviri pachena kuti mune imwe neimwe yeiyi nyika inonzwisisika chokwadi chemitsara chakanyorwa zvakananga. - maererano nenzira yavanobatanidzwa mune chimwe chiitiko. Ndiko kusarudzika kwechiitiko mukati meimwe ontology inosarudza seti yenzira dzekugadzirisa uye kugadzira mitsara yechokwadi: mune dzimwe nyika nzira yehutongi inokunda (muchitendero), mune dzimwe inowirirana (musainzi), mune dzimwe inowanzoitika. (mutsika, zvematongerwo enyika).
Saka, kana isu tisingade kudzikamisa iyo semantic network kune tsananguro yeimwe chete sphere (titi, chokwadi chenyama), saka isu tinofanira kutanga taenderera kubva pachokwadi chekuti haigone kuve nepfungwa imwechete, imwe nheyo yechokwadi - network. inofanira kuvakirwa pamusimboti wekuenzana kwekupindirana, asi nyika dzine musoro dzisina kudzikisirwa kune imwe neimwe, zvichiratidza kuwanda kwezviitwa zvese zvinofungwa.
Chiitiko ontologies
Uye pano isu tinofamba kubva kuhuzivi hwekushanduka-shanduka kuenda kushanduko yeInternet, kubva pakufungidzira singularities kuenda kumatambudziko ekushandisa ewebhu semantic.
Matambudziko makuru ekuvaka semantic network ane hukama zvakanyanya nekurima kwechisikigo, huzivi hwesainzi nevagadziri vayo, ndiko kuti, nekuyedza kugadzira iyo chete chaiyo ontology inoratidza icho chinonzi chinangwa chaicho. Uye zviri pachena kuti chokwadi chemitsara mune ino ontology chinofanirwa kutsanangurwa maererano nemitemo yakafanana, maererano nedzidziso yepasirese yechokwadi (iyo inowanzoreva dzidziso yemunyori, sezvo tiri kutaura nezve kunyoreswa kwemitsara kune imwe "chinangwa chaicho" )
Pano mubvunzo unofanirwa kubvunzwa: chii chinofanira kutsanangura ontology, chii icho chiri "chinangwa chaicho" icho chinofanira kuenderana nacho? Chimiro chisingaverengeki chezvinhu zvinonzi nyika, kana chimwe chiitiko mukati mechikamu chinogumira chezvinhu? Chii chinotifadza: chokwadi muhuwandu kana hukama hwakagadziriswa hwezviitiko uye zvinhu munhevedzano yezviito zvinonangana nekuwana mhedzisiro chaiyo? Mukupindura iyi mibvunzo, isu tinofanirwa kusvika pamhedziso yekuti ontology ine musoro chete seinogumira uye yakasarudzika senge ontology yechiitwa (zviito). Nekuda kweizvozvo, hazvina musoro kutaura nezve imwechete ontology: akawanda maitirwo sekune ontology. Iko hakuna chikonzero chekugadzira ontology; inoda kuzivikanwa nekugadzirisa chiitiko chacho pachako.
Ehe, zviri pachena kuti kana isu tichitaura nezve ontology yezvinhu zvenzvimbo, iyo ontology yekufamba, zvino zvichave zvakafanana kune ese mabasa asina kutariswa pakuchinja mamiriro. Asi kana tikatendeukira kunzvimbo umo zvinhu zvisina hukama hwakasimba kune spatio-temporal kurongeka uye zvisingaenderane neicho chaicho, saka ontologies inowedzera pasina chero zvirambidzo: tinogona kubika ndiro, kuvaka imba, kugadzira nzira yekudzidzisa, nyora chirongwa bato rezvematongerwo enyika, kubatanidza mazwi munhetembo nenzira dzisingaperi, uye nzira imwe neimwe iontology yakasiyana. Nekunzwisisa uku kweontologies (senzira dzekurekodha zviitiko chaizvo), vanogona uye vanofanirwa kugadzirwa chete muchiitiko ichi. Ehe, chero isu tiri kutaura nezve zviitiko zvakanangana nekombuta kana kurekodhwa pairi. Uye nokukurumidza hakuzovi nomumwezve; izvo zvisingazove "digitized" hazvifanirwe kunyanya kufarira kwatiri.
Ontology semhedzisiro yechiitiko
Chero chiitiko chinosanganisira mashandiro ega ega anomisikidza kubatana pakati pezvinhu zvenzvimbo yakatarwa. Mutambi (pano isu tichamudaidza netsika kuti mushandisi) kakawanda - angave achinyora chinyorwa chesainzi, anozadza tafura nedata, anodhirowa hurongwa hwebasa - anoita seti yakakwana yekushanda, zvinozotungamira mukubudirira kwe. mhedzisiro yakatarwa. Uye mune ichi chigumisiro anoona zvinoreva basa rake. Asi kana iwe wakatarisa kubva panzvimbo isiri yemunharaunda utilitarian, asi systemically pasi rose, ipapo kukosha kukuru kwebasa reimwe nyanzvi haisi munyaya inotevera, asi nenzira yekuinyora, mune ontology yebasa. Ndokunge, yechipiri musimboti weiyo semantic network (mushure memhedziso "panofanira kuve nenhamba isina muganho yeontologies; sezviitiko zvakawanda, semaontologies mazhinji") inofanira kunge iri thesis: zvinoreva chero chiitiko hachisi muchigadzirwa chekupedzisira, asi muontology yakanyorwa panguva yekuitwa kwayo.
Hongu, chigadzirwa pachacho, toti, chinyorwa, chine ontology - iyo, muchidimbu, ndiyo ontology iri muzvinyorwa, asi muchimiro chakadaro chechando chigadzirwa chakaoma kwazvo kuongorora ontologically. Iri padombo iri - iyo yakagadziriswa yekupedzisira chigadzirwa chebasa - iyo semantic nzira inotyora mazino ayo. Asi zvinofanirwa kuve pachena kuti zvinokwanisika kuziva semantics (ontology) yechinyorwa chete kana iwe uchitova neiyo ontology yechinyorwa ichi. Zvakaoma kunyange kumunhu kuti anzwisise chinyorwa chine ontology yakati siyanei (ine izwi rakashandurwa, grid yemafungiro), uye zvakatonyanya kune chirongwa. Nekudaro, sezviri pachena kubva kune yakarongwa nzira, hapana chikonzero chekuongorora semantics yezvinyorwa: kana takatarisana nebasa rekuzivisa imwe ontology, saka hapana chikonzero chekuongorora chigadzirwa chakagadziriswa, isu tinofanirwa kutendeuka. zvakananga kune basa racho pacharo, panguva iyo yakaonekwa.
Ontology parser
Chaizvoizvo, izvi zvinoreva kuti zvinodikanwa kugadzira nharaunda yesoftware iyo panguva imwe chete ingave chishandiso chekushanda chenyanzvi mushandisi uye ontological parser inorekodha zvese zviito zvake. Mushandisi haafanirwe kuita chero chinhu kunze kwekungoshanda chete: gadzira chinyorwa chezvinyorwa, zvigadzirise, tsvaga kuburikidza nekwabva, simbisa makotesheni, uzviise muzvikamu zvakakodzera, nyora pasi uye makomendi, kuronga index uye thesaurus, nezvimwe. , nezvimwewo. Chiito chikuru chekuwedzera ndechekumaka mazwi matsva nekuabatanidza neontology uchishandisa menyu yezviri mukati. Kunyangwe chero nyanzvi ichafara chete neiyi yakawedzera "mutoro". Ndiko kuti, basa racho rakanyatsojeka: tinoda kugadzira chishandiso chenyanzvi mune chero chikamu chaaisagona kuramba, chishandiso chisingangokubvumiri kuti uite ese akajairwa mashandiro ekushanda nemhando dzese dzeruzivo (kuunganidza, kugadzirisa, kugadzirisa), asi zvakare anogadzirisa otomatiki zviitiko, anovaka ontology yechiitiko ichi, uye anogadzirisa kana "chiitiko" chaunganidzwa. .
Universe yezvinhu uye cluster ontologies
Zviri pachena kuti iyo inotsanangurwa nzira yekuvaka semantic network ichave inoshanda zvechokwadi chete kana iyo yechitatu musimboti wasangana: software kuenderana kwezvose zvakasikwa ontologies, ndiko kuti, kuve nechokwadi chekubatanidza kwavo systemic. Ehe, mushandisi wega wega, nyanzvi yega yega inogadzira yayo ontology uye inoshanda munzvimbo yayo, asi kuenderana kwemunhu ontologies zvinoenderana nedata uye zvinoenderana nemafungiro esangano anovimbisa kusikwa kweimwe chete. denga rezvinhu (data).
Kuenzanisa otomatiki kwemaontologies ega kunobvumira, nekuzivisa mharadzano yavo, kugadzira thematic cluster ontologies - hierarchically yakarongeka isiri-yega zvimiro zvezvinhu. Kudyidzana kwemunhu ontology ine cluster kuchaita kuti basa remushandisi rive nyore, kutungamira uye kurigadzirisa.
Kusiyana kwezvinhu
Chinodiwa chakakosha chesemantic network inofanirwa kuve yekuona kusarudzika kwezvinhu, pasina izvo hazvigoneke kuona kubatana kweontologies yega. Semuyenzaniso, chero chinyorwa chinofanira kunge chiri muhurongwa mune imwe kopi - ipapo chese chinongedzo kwachiri, chirevo chega chega chicharekodhwa: mushandisi anogona kuteedzera kusanganisirwa kwechinyorwa uye zvidimbu zvaro mune mamwe masumbu kana maontologies ega. Zviri pachena kuti ne "kopi imwe chete" hatirevi kuichengeta pane imwe sevha, asi kupa chiziviso chakasiyana kune chimwe chinhu chisingaenderani nenzvimbo yacho. Ndiko kuti, musimboti wekugumira kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zvakasarudzika nekuwanda uye kusagumira kwesangano razvo muontology inofanira kuitwa.
Usercentrism
Mhedzisiro yakakosha yekuronga semantic network zvinoenderana neyakarongwa chirongwa kuchave kurambwa kwesitecentrism - iyo saiti-yakatarisana neInternet chimiro. Kuonekwa uye kuvapo kwechinhu padandemutande zvinoreva chete uye kuchipa chete chiziviso chakasiyana uye kuverengerwa mune kanenge kamwe ontology (titi, iyo yega ontology yemushandisi akaisa chinhu). Chinhu, semuenzaniso, chinyorwa, hachifanire kuve nekero paWebhu - haina kusungirirwa kune saiti kana peji. Nzira chete yekuwana zvinyorwa ndeyekuiratidza mubrowser yemushandisi mushure mekuiwana mune imwe ontology (sechinhu chakazvimiririra, kana nelink kana quote). Iyo network inova yega mushandisi-centric: pamberi uye kunze kwekubatana kwemushandisi, isu tinongova nechadenga chezvinhu uye akawanda masumbu ontologies akavakirwa pane ichi chakasikwa, uye chete mushure mekubatana ndiko kunogadzirisa zvakasikwa zvine chekuita nechimiro chemushandisi ontology - hongu, pamwe nekukwanisa kushandura zvakasununguka "pfungwa dzemaonero", kuchinja kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzevamwe, vavakidzani kana kure kure ontologies. Basa guru rebrowser harisi kuratidza zvirimo, asi kubatanidza kune ontologies (masumbu) uye kufamba mukati mawo.
Masevhisi uye zvinhu mune network yakadai zvichaonekwa muchimiro chezvinhu zvakaparadzana, pakutanga zvakasanganisirwa mune ontologies yevaridzi vazvo. Kana chiitiko chemushandisi chikaratidza kudiwa kwechimwe chinhu, saka kana chiripo muhurongwa, chinozorongwa otomatiki. (Kutaura zvazviri, kushambadza kwemamiriro ezvinhu ikozvino kunoshanda maererano nechirongwa ichi - kana wanga uchitsvaga chimwe chinhu, hausi kuzosiiwa usina zvinopihwa.) Ukuwo, kudiwa chaiko kwechimwe chinhu chitsva (sevhisi, chigadzirwa) chinogona kuratidzwa ne kuongorora cluster ontologies .
Nomuzvarirwo, mune mushandisi-centric network, chinhu chakatsanangurwa chinozoiswa mubrowser yemushandisi seyakavakirwa-mukati widget. Kuti utarise zvese zvinopihwa (zvese zvigadzirwa zvemugadziri kana zvinyorwa zvese zvemunyori), mushandisi anofanira kuchinjira kuontology yemutengesi, iyo inoratidzira zvine hurongwa zvinhu zvese zvinowanikwa kune vashandisi vekunze. Zvakanaka, zviri pachena kuti network inongopa mukana wekuziva nezve ontologies yevagadziri vemasumbu, uyezve, chii chinonyanya kufadza uye chakakosha, neruzivo nezve maitiro evamwe vashandisi musumbu iri.
mhedziso
Saka, iyo network yeruzivo yeramangwana inoratidzwa sechadenga chezvakasarudzika zvinhu zvine munhu ontologies akavakirwa pazviri, akasanganiswa kuita cluster ontologies. Chinhu chinotsanangurwa uye chinowanikwa panetiweki kumushandisi chete sezvakasanganisirwa mune imwe kana akawanda ontologies. Ontology inoumbwa zvakanyanya otomatiki nekupatsanura zviitiko zvemushandisi. Kuwana kunetiweki kwakarongeka sekuvapo / chiitiko chemushandisi mune yake yega ontology nemukana wekuiwedzera uye kuenda kune mamwe maontology. Uye kazhinji, iyo yakatsanangurwa sisitimu haichakwanise kunzi network - isu tiri kubata neimwe nyika chaiyo, ine chadenga chinongoratidzwa zvishoma kune vashandisi muchimiro cheontology yavo yega - yakavanzika chaiyo chaiyo.
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Mukupedzisa, ndinoda kusimbisa kuti hapana huzivi kana hunyanzvi hwekuuya humwe hune chekuita nedambudziko rehunonzi hungwaru hwekugadzira. Kugadzirisa matambudziko akashandiswa haambofa akatungamira mukusikwa kweiyo inogona kunzi hungwaru zvizere. Uye chinhu chitsva chinozoumba musimboti wekushanda kweinotevera nhanho yekushanduka-shanduka haichazove yehungwaru - kwete yekugadzira kana yepanyama. Asi, kwaizova kwakarurama zvikuru kutaura kuti kuchava ungwaru kusvikira kutambanuko yatinogona kuinzwisisa nenjere dzedu dzohunhu.
Paunenge uchishanda pakugadzira masisitimu eruzivo rwenzvimbo, munhu anofanirwa kuvabata chete semichina yehunyanzvi uye kwete kufunga nezvehuzivi, hwepfungwa uye, kunyanya, hutsika, hwekunaka uye hune njodzi yepasi rose. Kunyangwe vese vevanhu nenyanzvi dzehunyanzvi pasina mubvunzo vachiita izvi, kufunga kwavo hakuzokurumidze kana kunonotsa nzira yechisikigo yekugadzirisa matambudziko ehunyanzvi. Kunzwisisa kwehuzivi kwese kwese kwese kushanduka kweNyika uye zvirimo mune iri kuuya shanduko yehuerarchical ichauya neshanduko iyi pachayo.
Shanduko pachayo ichava tekinoroji. Asi hazvizoitike semhedzisiro yesarudzo yakasarudzika. Uye maererano nehuwandu hwezvisarudzo. Kukunda misa yakaoma. Hungwaru huchazvibatanidza mune Hardware. Asi kwete njere dzega. Uye kwete pane chimwe chigadzirwa. Uye achange asisiri munhu akangwara.
PS Kuedza kuita chirongwa (sarudzo mushure mekuedzwa kwekutanga).
Literature
1. Vernor Vinge. Technology singularity,
2. A. D. Panov. Kupedzwa kwekutenderera kwemapuraneti ekushanduka-shanduka? Sainzi dzeUzivi, Nha. 3β4: 42β49; 31β50, 2005.
3. Boldachev A.V. . St. Petersburg, 2008.
4. Boldachev A.V. . St. Petersburg, 2008.
5. Boldachev A.V. Innovations. , St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg Publishing House. Yunivhesiti, 2007. - 256 p.
Source: www.habr.com