Kuenzanisa kwemaitiro uye maitiro ekuchengetedza data remunhu muRussia neEU
Muchokwadi, nechero chiito chinoitwa nemushandisi paInternet, imwe nzira yekunyengedza yedata remushandisi inoitika.
Isu hatibhadhare masevhisi mazhinji atinogamuchira paInternet: kutsvaga ruzivo, email, kuchengetedza data redu mugore, kutaurirana pamasocial network, nezvimwewo. Zvisinei, masevhisi aya haangobhadharisi mahara: tinobhadhara. kwavari nedata redu , izvo makambani aya anobva achinja kuita mari, kunyanya kuburikidza nekushambadzira.
Parizvino, data nezve gender, zera uye nzvimbo yekugara, nhoroondo yekutsvaga -
hwaro hweindasitiri yekushambadza yepamhepo inokosha mabhiriyoni emadhora nemaeuro. Ndiko kuti, kubva pakuona kwemutemo, data remunhu zvinhu zvekuita bhizinesi. Saizvozvo, makambani anoita nhamburiko huru uye anoshandisa mari yakawanda kuwana uye kugadzirisa dhata remunhu. Ongororo yakaitwa muna 2018 inoratidza kuti vashandisi, vachinzwisisa kukosha kwedata ravo, vari kuwedzera kusagutsikana nemabatiro anoita makambani data ravo.
Mutemo muchikamu chekushandiswa kwe data remushandisi hausati watora chimiro uye kusara kumashure kwekuvandudza tekinoroji kwete muRussia chete, asi pasirese, saka, chiyero chezvido zvevatengi nemakambani mu "mari - service - data." - mari" modhi iri kuvakwa nhasi zvese neVatongi uye nezvibvumirano zvinyararire pakati penzanga nemakambani. Vatongi vari kudzikisira kugona kwemakambani eIT uye kuwedzera kodzero dzevashandisi: kuunza mitemo mitsva inopa vashandisi kutonga zvakanyanya pamusoro peruzivo rwavanopa.
Zvinonakidza kuenzanisa nzira dzevatongi munyika dzeEurope neRussia. MuRussia, mitemo mikuru inotonga mabatirwo edata remunhu ndeye Federal Law on the Protection of Personal Data (152-FZ) pamwe neCode of Administrative Offences, iyo inosimbisa zvakananga huwandu hwefaindi yekutyora maitiro ekubata data remunhu. . Mafaindi ekutonga akawedzera zvakanyanya kubva munaChikunguru 1, 2017. Panguva imwecheteyo, mafaindi matsva akatangwa zvichienderana nerudzi rwemhosva yakaitwa. Nokudaro, vakuru vakuru vanogona kubhadharwa muhuwandu hwe3000 kusvika ku20 rubles, vatengesi vega - muhuwandu hwe000 kusvika ku5000 rubles, masangano - muhuwandu hwe20 kusvika ku000 rubles. Uyezve, vanogona kuzvidavirira pamhosva dzakasiyana-siyana. Saizvozvo, kambani imwe inogona kupihwa mafaindi akati wandei ekutyorwa kwakasiyana. Asi mutoro unopiwa zvakananga kukundikana kutevedzera zvinodiwa zvepamutemo, semuenzaniso, kana mapepa anodiwa asipo. Izvi hazvisi nguva dzose zvakanangana nekuchengetedzwa kwemashoko chaiwo. Semuyenzaniso, kubvinza pachezvako hakusi chikonzero chezvirango kunze kwekunge mimwe mitemo yatyorwa. Sezvineiwo, huwandu hwakakura hwekutyorwa kwakaonekwa mumunda wekubata data rako pachako zvine izvo zvakapihwa muChinyorwa 15 cheCode of Administrative Offences yeRussian Federation: "Kutadza kuendesa kana kuendesa kusiri pamutemo kuboka rehurumende (Roskomnadzor) - ruzivo. (ruzivo), kutumirwa kwacho kunopihwa nemutemo uye kwakakosha kuti mutumbi uyu uitwe mabasa ake emutemo...” Zvinonakidza kuti mutoro wakakura unopihwa kwete nekutyora nzira yekubata dhata remunhu (sezvaratidzwa pamusoro, izvi zviri paavhareji 000-75 zviuru rubles), asi zvakanyanya kutadza kupa (kunonoka, kusakwana kuendesa) ruzivo nezve maitiro ekubata data remunhu muRoskomnadzor ari pasi pefaindi inosvika 000 rubles. Avo. mumutemo weRussia uye mukuita kwekushandiswa kwayo, maitiro aripo ndeekuti "chinhu chikuru ndechekuti sutu inokodzera" uye zvinodiwa nehurumende zvinogutswa. zviremera mumishumo yakasiyana-siyana. Kodzero dzechokwadi dzevashandisi uye kuchengetedzwa kwedata ravo paInternet hazvina kuchengetedzwa. Mari imwechete yefaindi haibatanidzi nenzira ipi neipi nehuwandu hwemabhenefiti anogamuchirwa nemamwe makambani kana atyora mabatirwo e data remunhu paInternet uye haakurudzire kuteedzera iyi mitemo.
MuEU mufananidzo wacho wakasiyana. Kubva muna Chivabvu 2018, muEurope, kushanda nedata rako pachako kunodzorwa nemitemo yekugadziriswa kwedata remunhu yakagadzwa neGeneral Data Protection Regulation (EU Regulation 2016/679 yaApril 27, 2016 kana GDPR - General Data Protection Regulation). Mutemo uyu une mhedzisiro yakananga munyika dzese makumi maviri nesere dzeEU. Mutemo uyu unopa vagari veEU kutonga kwakazara pane yavo data. Pasi peGDPR, vagari veEU uye vagari vane kodzero dzakakura kwazvo dzekudzora data ravo. Vashandisi veEurope vane kodzero yekukumbira kusimbiswa kwechokwadi chekuti data ravo riri kugadziriswa, nzvimbo uye chinangwa chekugadzirisa, zvikamu zve data remunhu ari kugadziriswa, kune vechitatu mapato anoburitswa data, nguva iyo data. ichagadziriswa, pamwe nekujekesa kwakabva sangano rekugamuchira ruzivo rwemunhu uye kukumbira kururamiswa kwavo. Uyezve, mushandisi ane kodzero yekuda kuti kugadzirisa kwedata rake kumiswe.
Kubva muna Chivabvu 2018, mutoro muchimiro chefaindi yekutyora mitemo yekugadzirisa data remunhu: maererano neGDPR, faindi inosvika makumi maviri emamiriyoni euros (anenge 20 bhiriyoni rubles) kana 1,5% yemari yepasi rose yekambani.
Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti zvese izvi zvinoshanda, makambani anotyora kodzero dzevashandisi anozvidavirira uye zvakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, musi wa21 Ndira 2019, French National Commission for Informatics and Civil Rights (CNIL) yakafunga kubhadharisa kambani yekuAmerica GOOGLE LLC 50 miriyoni euros nekutyora GDPR. Mari yefaindi yakakura kwazvo. Izvi zvinoratidza zvakajeka njodzi dzekusatevedzera zvinodiwa neGDPR. Wakarangirwei? Komisheni yeFrance yakaona kuti panguva yekutanga kumisikidzwa kwenharembozha inoshandisa Android (Google) sisitimu yekushandisa, mushandisi haagamuchire ruzivo ruzere nezve izvo Google iri kuita nedata rake. Iyo kambani haina kuzadzisa zvisungo zvayo kuti ive pachena mukugadziriswa kwedata remunhu uye kuzivisa zvidzidzo (Zvinyorwa 12 uye 13 GDPR). Nguva dzekuchengetera data dzemushandisi hadzina kurongeka. Iyo kambani yakanga isina hwaro hwemutemo hunodiwa hwekugadziriswa kwedata kwakaitwa (Chinyorwa 6 GDPR). Google yakapomerwawo mhosva yekutadza kuwana mvumo yevashandisi kugadzirisa data ravo kuti vashambadzire.
Mimwe mienzaniso: faindi kubva kuGerman regulator LfDI kuenda kuchikumbiro chekufambidzana Knuddels - 20.000 euros; chipatara chePortugal Barreiro Hospital yaipomerwa mhosva yekutadza kuwana ruzivo rwemunhu akakosha (yakanaka ye300 zviuru zveeuro) uye kutyora chengetedzo nekuvimbika kwe. data (imwe 100 zviuru zveeuro). Zviremera zveUK zvakapa yambiro kukambani yekuCanada iri kuita ongororo yekuongorora. Iyo kambani yakarairwa kuti irege kugadzirisa dhata revagari, zvikasadaro inotarisana nefaindi ye20 miriyoni maEuro. Canadian digital marketing and software development company AggregateIQ yakabhadhariswa £17000000. Imwe cafe muAustria yakabhadhariswa 5280 euros yekuongororwa kwevhidhiyo zvisiri pamutemo (kamera yakatorwa chikamu chenzira). Avo. chero sangano riri pasi peGDPR harifanirwe kuganhurirwa, maererano netsika dzepamba, chete pakuvandudzwa kwezvinyorwa zvekutonga.
Nenzira, iyo peculiarity yeGDPR ndeyekuti inoshanda kumakambani ese anogadzirisa data yega yevagari veEU uye vagari, zvisinei nenzvimbo yekambani yakadaro, saka makambani eRussia anofanira kunyatso funga nezve iyi Regulation kana masevhisi avo akatarisana neEuropean. market
Source: www.habr.com