Musoro wenjodzi huru munzvimbo dzemazuva ano dzedata inomutsa mibvunzo isina kupindurwa muchinyorwa chekutanga - takasarudza kuigadzira.
Zvinoenderana nenhamba kubva kuUptime Institute, ruzhinji rwezviitiko munzvimbo dzedata zvine hukama nekutadza kwemagetsi system - ivo vanoverengera 39% yezviitiko. Vanoteverwa nechikonzero chemunhu, icho chinopa imwe 24% yetsaona. Chikonzero chechitatu chinonyanya kukosha (15%) chakanga chiri kukundikana kwehutano hwemhepo, uye panzvimbo yechina (12%) yaiva njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga. Chikamu chemamwe matambudziko chingori gumi chete%. Pasina kubvunza nezve data resangano rinoremekedzwa, isu tinosimbisa chimwe chinhu chinozivikanwa munjodzi dzakasiyana uye kuyedza kunzwisisa kana dzingadai dzakadziviswa. Spoiler: zvinogoneka muzviitiko zvakawanda.
Sayenzi Yemazita
Kuzvitaura zviri nyore, kune matambudziko maviri chete nemagetsi ekupa: kungave pasina kuonana kwainofanira kunge kuri, kana pane kuonana uko kusingafanirwe kusangana. Iwe unogona kutaura kwenguva yakareba nezve kuvimbika kwemasisitimu emazuva ano asingachinjiki ekupa magetsi, asi haawanzo kukuponesa. Tora nyaya yepamusoro-soro yedata center inoshandiswa neBritish Airways, iyo iri yekambani yevabereki International Airlines Group. Kune zvivakwa zviviri zvakadai zviri padyo neHeathrow Airport - Boadicea House uye Comet House. Mune yekutanga yeiyi, muna Chivabvu 27, 2017, kudzima kwemagetsi netsaona, izvo zvakakonzera kuwandisa uye kutadza kweiyo UPS system. Nekuda kweizvozvo, imwe yemidziyo yeIT yakakuvadzwa mumuviri, uye njodzi yazvino yakatora mazuva matatu kugadzirisa.
Ndege yaifanira kukanzura kana kurongazve ndege dzinopfuura chiuru, vafambi vangangosvika zviuru makumi manomwe neshanu havana kukwanisa kubhururuka nenguva - $75 miriyoni yakashandiswa kubhadhara muripo, tisingaverenge mari inodiwa kudzorera kushanda kwenzvimbo dzedata. Nhoroondo yezvikonzero zvekudzima haina kujeka. Kana iwe uchitenda mhedzisiro yeongororo yemukati yakaziviswa neInternational Airlines Group CEO Willie Walsh, zvakakonzerwa nekukanganisa kwakaitwa mainjiniya. Nekudaro, iyo isingachinjiki yekugovera magetsi sisitimu yaifanira kumira kuvharika kwakadaro - ndosaka yakaiswa. Nzvimbo yedata yaitungamirwa nenyanzvi kubva kukambani yekuburitsa CBRE Managed Services, saka British Airways yakaedza kudzoreredza huwandu hwekukuvara kuburikidza nedare reLondon.
Kudzima kwemagetsi kunoitika mumamiriro ezvinhu akafanana: kutanga kune kudzima nekuda kwekukanganisa kwemutengesi wemagetsi, dzimwe nguva nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze akaipa kana matambudziko emukati (kusanganisira kukanganisa kwevanhu), uyezve iyo isingachinjiki yekugovera magetsi system haigone kubata nemutoro kana pfupi. -kukanganiswa kweiyo sine wave kukonzeresa kutadza kwemasevhisi mazhinji, zvichikonzera kudzoreredza kunotora nguva yakawanda nemari. Zvinoita here kuti tisaita tsaona dzakadaro? Hapana mubvunzo. Kana iwe ukagadzira sisitimu nenzira kwayo, kunyangwe vagadziri venzvimbo huru dzedata havadzivirirwe kubva mukukanganisa.
Human factor
Kana chikonzero chekukurumidza chechiitiko chiri zviito zvisiri izvo zvevashandi ve data data, matambudziko kazhinji (asi kwete nguva dzose) anokanganisa chikamu chesoftware cheIT infrastructure. Tsaona dzakadai dzinoitika kunyange mumakambani makuru. Muna Kukadzi 2017, nekuda kwechikwata chakanyoreswa zvisirizvo cheboka rekuita basa reimwe yenzvimbo dzedata, chikamu cheAmazon Web Services maseva chakaremara. Chikanganiso chakaitika tichigadzirisa maitiro ekubhadharisa eAmazon Simple Storage Service (S3) Cloud kuchengetedza vatengi. Mushandi akaedza kudzima akati wandei emaseva anoshandiswa nehurongwa hwekubhadharisa, asi akarova sumbu rakakura.
Nekuda kwekukanganisa kweinjiniya, maseva anoshanda akakosha eAmazon Cloud storage software modules akabviswa. Yekutanga yakakanganiswa yaive indexing subsystem, iyo ine ruzivo nezve metadata nenzvimbo yezvinhu zvese zveS3 muUS-EAST-1 mudunhu reAmerica. Chiitiko ichi chakakanganisawo subsystem inoshandiswa kubata data uye kugadzirisa nzvimbo iripo yekuchengetedza. Mushure mekudzima mashini chaiwo, aya ma subsystems maviri aida kutangazve kwakazara, uyezve mainjiniya eAmazon akashamisika - kwenguva yakareba, iyo yeruzhinji yekuchengetedza gore haina kukwanisa kusevhisi zvikumbiro zvevatengi.
Mhedzisiro yacho yakapararira, sezvo zviwanikwa zvakawanda zvakakura zvinoshandisa Amazon S3. Kudzima kwakabata Trello, Coursera, IFTTT uye, zvisingafadzi, masevhisi evakuru veAmazon vanobatana kubva kuS & P 500. Kukuvadza mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro kwakaoma kuverenga, asi kwaive munharaunda yemazana emamiriyoni emadhora eUS. Sezvauri kuona, murairo mumwe usina kururama wakakwana kudzima sevhisi yepuratifomu yakakura kwazvo yegore. Iyi haisi nyaya yega; musi waChivabvu 16, 2019, panguva yebasa rekugadzirisa, iyo Yandex.Cloud sevhisi. machina chaiwo evashandisi muru-central1-c zone anga ari SUSPENDED chimiro kamwechete. Client data yakatokuvadzwa pano, imwe yacho yakarasika zvisingaite. Hongu, vanhu havana kukwana, asi masisitimu emazuva ano ekuchengetedza ruzivo ave achikwanisa kutarisa zviito zvevashandisi vane ropafadzo vasati vaita mirairo yavakapinda. Kana mhinduro dzakadaro dzichiitwa muYandex kana Amazon, zviitiko zvakadaro zvinogona kudzivirirwa.
Frozen kutonhora
MunaJanuary 2017, njodzi huru yakaitika muDmitrov data center yekambani yeMegafon. Zvadaro tembiricha mudunhu reMoscow yakaderera kusvika -35 Β° C, izvo zvakaita kuti kukundikana kwegadziriro yekutonhora kwenzvimbo. Sevhisi yevatori venhau haina kunyanya kutaura nezvezvikonzero zvechiitiko ichi - makambani eRussia anozeza kutaura nezve tsaona panzvimbo dzavanadzo; maererano nekushambadzira, isu tinosara kumashure kweWest. Paive neshanduro yaitenderera pasocial network nezve kutonhora kwekutonhora mumapombi akaiswa munzira uye kubuda kwe ethylene glycol. Sekureva kwake, sevhisi yekuvhiya haina kukwanisa kukurumidza kuwana matani makumi matatu ekutonhodza nekuda kwezororo refu uye akabuda achishandisa nzira dzakavandudzwa, achironga kutonhorera kwemahara kutyora mitemo yekushandisa sisitimu. Kutonhora kwakanyanya kwakawedzera dambudziko - muna Ndira, chando chakangoerekana charova Russia, kunyangwe pasina aitarisira. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vashandi vaifanira kudzima simba kune chikamu chevhavha racks, ndosaka mamwe masevhisi evashandisi aive asipo kwemazuva maviri.
Pamwe, isu tinogona kutaura nezve mamiriro ekunze anomaly pano, asi chando chakadaro hachisi chinhu chisina kujairika kudunhu guru. Kupisa munguva yechando munharaunda yeMoscow kunogona kudonha kusvika kumazinga akaderera, saka data data inovakwa netarisiro yekushanda kwakagadzikana pa -42 Β° C. Kazhinji kazhinji, masisitimu ekutonhodza anotadza mukutonhora kwemamiriro ekunze nekuda kwekusakwana kwakakwira glycols uye yakawandisa mvura mune inotonhorera mhinduro. Kunewo matambudziko nekuiswa kwepombi kana ne miscalculations mukugadzira uye kuyedzwa kwehurongwa, kunyanya kubatanidzwa nechido chekuchengetedza mari. Somugumisiro, njodzi yakakomba inoitika kunze kwebhuruu, iyo ingadai yakadziviswa.
Njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga
Kazhinji, mabhanan'ana uye / kana madutu zvinokanganisa zvivakwa zveinjiniya zvenzvimbo yedata, zvichikonzera kukanganisa kwesevhisi uye / kana kukuvara kwemuviri kumidziyo. Zviitiko zvinokonzerwa nemamiriro okunze akaipa anoitika kakawanda. Muna 2012, dutu rinonzi Hurricane Sandy rakapfuura nepaWest Coast yeUnited States nemvura yainaya zvikuru. Iri muchivakwa chepamusoro-soro muLower Manhattan, iyo Peer 1 data center , mushure mekunge mvura yegungwa ine munyu yazadza dzimba dzepasi. Majenareta echimbichimbi enzvimbo iyi aive pauriri hwegumi nesere, uye kuwanikwa kwavo kwemafuta kwaive kushoma - mitemo yakaunzwa muNew York mushure mekurwiswa kwemagandanga kwa18/9 kurambidza kuchengetedza huwandu hwemafuta pauriri hwepamusoro.
Pombi yemafuta yakatadzawo, saka vashandi vakapedza mazuva akati wandei vachikwevera dhiziri kumajenareta nemaoko. Hugamba hwechikwata hwakachengetedza nzvimbo yedata kubva mutsaona yakakomba, asi zvaive zvakakosha here? Tinorarama panyika ine nitrogen-oxygen atmosphere uye mvura yakawanda. Mabhanan'ana nemadutu zvinowanzoitika pano (kunyanya munzvimbo dzemahombekombe). Vagadziri vangangoita zvakanaka kufunga nezve njodzi dziripo uye kuvaka yakakodzera isinga vhiringike system yekugovera magetsi. Kana kuti sarudza imwe nzvimbo yakakodzera kune data data pane yakakwirira-kukwira pachitsuwa.
Zvimwe zvese
Uptime Institute inocherekedza akasiyana ezviitiko muchikamu ichi, pakati pacho zvakaoma kusarudza chakajairwa. Kuba kwetambo dzemhangura, mota dzinorovera munzvimbo dzedhata, tambo dzemagetsi uye nzvimbo dzekugezera, moto, vanochera machuru vanokuvadza maziso, makonzo (makonzo, tsuro uye kunyange mawombats, ayo ari mamarsupials), pamwe neavo vanofarira kudzidzira kupfura. waya - menyu yakakura . Kukundikana kwesimba kunogona kutokonzera magetsi kurimwa mbanje zvisiri pamutemo. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, vanhu chaivo vanova vatadzi vechiitiko chacho, i.e. isu tiri kutarisanazve nemunhu, apo dambudziko rine zita uye surname. Kunyangwe kana pakutanga pakuona tsaona yakabatana nekusashanda zvakanaka kwehunyanzvi kana njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, inogona kudzivirirwa kana nzvimbo yacho yakanyatsogadzirwa uye inoshanda nemazvo. Izvo chete zvinosiya zviitiko zvekukuvadza kwakanyanya kune data center zvivakwa kana kuparadzwa kwezvivakwa uye zvimiro nekuda kwenjodzi yemusikirwo. Aya ndiwo mamiriro ekumanikidza majeure, uye mamwe matambudziko ese anokonzerwa negasket pakati pekombuta nechigaro - pamwe ichi ndicho chikamu chisingavimbiki chechero system yakaoma.
Source: www.habr.com