Mune ino nhevedzano yezvinyorwa, tinoda kutarisa mibvunzo iyo vanhu vanayo kana vachishanda nevanopa vanopa uye maseva akazvitsaurira kunyanya. Takaita hurukuro dzakawanda pamaforamu emutauro wechiRungu, tichiedza kutanga kubatsira vashandisi nemazano, pane kuzvisimudzira, tichipa mhinduro yakadzama uye isina rusarura, nekuti isu tine makore anopfuura gumi nemana echiitiko mumunda, mazana e zvakabudirira kugadzirisa mhinduro uye zviuru zvevatengi vanogutsikana. Zvakadaro, mhinduro dzedu hadzifanirwe kutorwa semhinduro dzega dzega dzekutanga; dzinogona kunge dziine zvisiri izvo uye kunyangwe zvikanganiso; hapana akakwana. Isu tichatenda kana iwe ukawedzera kana kugadzirisa iwo mumhinduro.
Sei mutengo we server ine muganho wetraffic we100 TB uye 1 Gbit / s chiteshi yakanyanya kuderera pane mutengo we server ine 1 Gbit / s chiteshi pasina traffic? Mushure mezvose, kana iwe ukahaya maseva maviri-2 ane 3 Gbps chiteshi uye 1 TB muganho, unogona kushandisa chaiyo yakaenzana iyo yaizopedzwa nesevha ine 100 Gbps Unmetered, kana kunyange yakawanda chiteshi munhoro, nepo mupi. Chaizvoizvo inopa yakawanda Hardware, yakawanda yekubatanidza uye yakaderera mutengo?
Icho chokwadi ndechekuti vanopa, kana vachipa maseva ane muganho wakakura wetraffic kana kunyange "isina muganho" wemari shoma, funga nezve avhareji maprofiles evatengi vavo. Zvakazoitika kuti vatengi vazhinji vanotenga zviteshi zvakadaro havashandisi zvizere kubatana kwakapihwa kwavari. Izvi ndizvo zvinoita kuti zvikwanisike kuita chipo chakadaro.
100 TB yetraffic muganho wakakura. Izvi zvinopfuura 100 Mbps Unmetered. Mushure mezvose, uine chiteshi che 100 Mbit / s pasina accounting, unogona kupomba inokwana zana (kumhanya mumamegabits) * 100 (nhamba yemasekonzi pazuva) * 86400 (mazuva) / 30 (bits in bytes) / 8 (megabytes mugigabytes, kana tikaverenga ne 1000, uye kwete 1000, 1024 iri zvishoma mu kibibit) = 1024 GB pamwedzi munzira imwe neimwe ine nguva dzose chiteshi mutoro we32%. Nekudaro, sezvatinoziva, maseva haadyi traffic nguva dzose uye kazhinji madhiri emazuva ese anogona kutaridzika seizvi:
Kune vamwe, nhongonya dzinogona kusvika pakupfuura uye dzinoda yakatendeseka 1 Gbit/s panguva idzi. Muchiitiko ichi, iyo yakazara traffic muganho pamwedzi inogona kunge isingapfuure:
Vatengi vakadaro, hongu, havana purofiti kune vanopa, uye saka mupi anotsvaka kuvaendesa kune Unmetered, sezvo kana ichipa masevhisi kune vatengi vanobva mudunhu rimwe chete, zvingangoita kuti mapeji ekushandisa anopindirana uye iyi "yakatendeseka" gigabit. mupi anozokwanisa kutengesa chete 1,2 mutengi. Kana mupi wacho aine vatengi vanobva kumatunhu akasiyana, zvinokwanisika kuti chiteshi chinogona kutengeswa kune vaviri kana vanopfuura vanyoreri kamwechete, sezvo huwandu hwekushandisa kwevateereri huchaitika panguva dzakasiyana. Muchokwadi, havasi vese mutengi vanodya yavo zana TB muganho, saka kupa maseva ane zana TB traffic muganho kune pundutso.
Uyezve, nekubatanidza 10 gigabit chiteshi kune racks, zvinokwanisika kunyatso kupatsanura traffic pakati pemunhu wese. Isu tinokwanisa kupatsanura chiteshi chegumi Gbps kuita avhareji ye10 racks yakazadzwa nemaseva ane 5 TB muganho. Aya anenge 100 maseva. Sezvo rack imwe ine hurefu hwemayuniti makumi mana nemanomwe inogona kugarisa angave makumi mana nemwechete-yuniti maseva kana makumi maviri nemaviri-masevhisi.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo yakazara chiteshi inoshandiswa seizvi:
Kana iwe ukaramba sevhisi kune vanyoreri vanogadzira yakawanda traffic (iyo huru yekubatsira kune chiteshi mutoro inogadzirwa nevasingasviki gumi maseva kubva pagumi nemakumi mashanu aripo pachiteshi ichi), ipapo unogona kuwedzera huwandu hwemaseva kusvika mazana matatu kana kupfuura. Uye munhu wese achafara uye munhu wese achave ne traffic yakakwana.
Nekudaro, kune dzimwe nzira dzekuchengetedza mari uye kwete kugumbura vanyoreri - batanidza inochipa yekufambisa uplink kana kutumira traffic kune imwe nzvimbo yekutsinhana kana kutarisa mahara kana iwe uri hombe traffic jenareta.
Izvi ndizvo zvinotibvumira kupa mitengo yakaderera, tisingarambe sevhisi yevanyoreri, tichibhadhara vatapi vekufambisa 1500-6000 euros kune yega yega 10G, zvichienderana nekunaka kwakaita mupi wekufambisa, uye kutengesa kubatana nemutengo wakaderera neimwe chiyero chepamusoro, kana imwe neimwe. munyoreri ane yake yakaodha nzira yakatendeseka, pasina kupindirana.
Zvinobva zvajeka kuti sei mutengo we1Gbps Unmetered wakakwira zvakanyanya, sezvo kana ne100 terabyte maseva, havasi vese vanodya muganhu wavo, ipapo mutengi anoraira 1Gbps Unmetered achanyatso shandisa yakawanda yechiteshi. Nepo isu taona kusarudzika pamusoro uye muenzaniso wekuti munhu anogona sei kugadzira ingangoita 1 Gbps yetraffic pakakwirira uye achiramba ari mukati me100 terabyte muganho, izvi zvakasarudzika uye hazvisi zvakajairika pateni.
Mutungamiri wangu akaisa chirongwa chevnstatd pane sevha, traffic inotorwa kubva kune interface, inotorwa yega yega maminetsi mashanu. Anorangarira zvose here? Saka zvinoratidza kuti 5 TB yakashandiswa, nepo mupi wacho achiti 87 TB yakashandiswa uye traffic inenge yaenda. Ndine chivimbo mune yangu system maneja, inyanzvi yakanaka. Uye kana akataura kuti mupi ari kuwedzera mutengo, ichokwadi. Uyezve, izvi zvinoratidzwa nenyaya yekuti vakatanga kutamba nehunhu nesimba uye nehukuru, vachipa panguva yekukurukurirana tsika dzakasiyana dzetraffic panguva imwe chete. Kumubvunzo "sei izvi?" tichiri kumirira mhinduro.
Icho chokwadi ndechekuti mamwe matraffic accounting zvirongwa zvinochengeta marekodhi muTiB, kwete TB. Tebibytes, kwete terabytes. Kureva kuti, accounting inoitwa uchishandisa iyo bhinari system, uye kwete iyo decimal imwe, pahwaro hwekuti kune 1024 byte mu kilobyte, kana zvakanyanya mu kibibyte, uye kwete zana.
Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti kuitira kudzivirira kusiyana uku kubva kushandiswa kwezvinangwa zvekutengesa, ISO (International Standardization Organization) yakagara yakaunza prefix "bi" yebhinari bytes, kureva, kibibytes, mebibytes, gibibytes, tebibytes. Asi kushambadzira kuchiri kuitika, uye kana vagadziri vedhiraivha, vachishandisa decimal byte, vanogona kuratidza mavhoriyamu madiki edhiraivha, saka kana kuyera uye accounting yetraffic, mamiriro acho akasiyana. Mupi wekutambira, nepo achipa 100 TB yetraffic, ari kupa mashoma ayo pane zvaangave chaizvo kana achiverengerwa mumabhinari mazwi.
Zvingaita sekuti mutsauko idiki, chete 24 bytes pa1000, kukanganisa kubva pane izvi chete 2,4%, asi nei paine musiyano mukuru, pamwero we10%? Zvichida ivo havana kunyatsofunga nezveimwe traffic?
Pfungwa ndeyekuti hatifanire kukanganwa kuti "kukanganisa" kunowedzera, izvo:
1024 bytes mu kibibyte (kana tichitaura maererano nemitemo ye ISO), mune mebibyte pane kare 1024 * 1024 = 1 bytes, mu gibibyte - 048 * 576 * 1024 = 1024, 1024 - 1 - 073 - 741 - 824 - 1024 - 1024 - 1024 - 1024 - 1 - 099 - 511 - 627, 776, XNUMX. XNUMX * XNUMX = XNUMX.
Unexpected turn? Ehe?
Pakuyera traffic muma terabytes, mutsauko uripo pakati peakaunzi zvikamu ndizvo chaizvo 10%!
Uyezve, mutsauko we data yakatorwa kubva kuchiteshi chekuchinja uye kubva kuvhavha yevhavha inogona kukonzerwa neDDOS kurwisa, iyo isingasviki kune mutengi uye inogona kubviswa pa "router" level, nepo kushandiswa kwemotokari kuchiri kuitika.
Hatifanirewo kukanganwa kuti dzimwe nguva chirongwa hachifungi nezve traffic pane ese madoko, uye mamwe traffic anogona "kunzvenga" kutarisa.
Izvi zvinoteverawo kuti kana traffic shoma yapihwa, iyo yakazara inouya + inobuda traffic inowanzo fungwa, uye kana uine, taura, sevhisi yeVPN, chiyero chichava 1 kusvika 1 uye vatengi vako vachakwanisa kupomba yakazara. isingapfuure makumi mashanu TB yetraffic ine muganho we50.
Zvichaenderera mberiβ¦
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Source: www.habr.com