Infrastructure seCode: maitiro ekukunda matambudziko uchishandisa XP

Mhoro, Habr! Pakutanga, ndakanyunyuta nezvehupenyu muInfrastructure sekodhi paradigm uye handina kupa chero chinhu kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu aripo. Nhasi ndadzoka kuzokuudza kuti ndedzipi nzira uye maitiro achakubatsira kutiza kubva mugomba rekuora mwoyo uye kutungamira mamiriro acho nenzira kwayo.

Munyaya yapfuura "Infrastructure sekodhi: kuzivana kwekutanga" Ndakagovera maonero angu enzvimbo ino, ndakaedza kufungisisa nezvemamiriro ezvinhu aripo munzvimbo ino, uye ndakatokurudzira kuti maitiro akajairika anozivikanwa kune vese vanogadzira anogona kubatsira. Zvingaita sekuti paive nekunyunyuta kwakawanda pamusoro pehupenyu, asi pakanga pasina mazano enzira yekubuda mumamiriro ezvinhu aripo.

Tiri vanaani, tiri papi uye ndeapi matambudziko atinawo

Isu tiri muSre Onboarding Team, iyo ine vatanhatu vanogadzira mapurogiramu uye matatu mainjiniya ezvivakwa. Isu tese tiri kuedza kunyora Infrastructure sekodhi (IaC). Isu tinoita izvi nekuti isu tinonyatsoziva kunyora kodhi uye tine nhoroondo yekuve "pamusoro peavhareji" vagadziri.

• Isu tine seti yezvakanakira: imwe kumashure, ruzivo rwemaitiro, kugona kunyora kodhi, chishuwo chekudzidza zvinhu zvitsva.
• Uye kune chikamu chinodzikira, icho zvakare chiri minus: kushaya ruzivo nezve hardware hardware.

Iyo tekinoroji stack yatinoshandisa muIaC yedu.

• Terraform yekugadzira zviwanikwa.
• Packer yekuunganidza mifananidzo. Aya ndiwo maWindows, CentOS 7 mifananidzo.
• Jsonnet kugadzira yakasimba kuvaka mudrone.io, pamwe nekugadzira packer json uye yedu terraform module.
• Azure.
• Zvinogoneka pakugadzira mifananidzo.
• Python yekubatsira masevhisi uye kupa zvinyorwa.
• Uye zvese izvi muVSCode nemapulagi akagovaniswa pakati penhengo dzechikwata.

Mhedziso kubva kwandiri chinyorwa chekupedzisira zvakanga zvakaita seizvi: Ndakaedza kuisa (kutanga pane zvose mukati mangu) tariro, ndaida kutaura kuti tichaedza nzira uye maitiro anozivikanwa kwatiri kuitira kuti tigadzirise matambudziko uye kuoma kunowanikwa munzvimbo ino.

Isu tiri kunetsekana nenyaya dzinotevera dzeIaC:

• Kusakwana kwezvishandiso uye nzira dzekuvandudza kodhi.
• Slow deployment. Infrastructure chikamu chenyika chaiyo, uye inogona kunonoka.
• Kushaikwa kwemaitiro nemaitiro.
• Isu tiri vatsva uye hatizive zvakawanda.

Yakanyanya Kuronga (XP) kununura

Vese vanogadzira vanoziva Extreme Programming (XP) uye maitiro anomira kumashure kwayo. Vazhinji vedu takashanda nenzira iyi, uye yakabudirira. Saka wadii kushandisa misimboti nemaitiro akaiswa ipapo kukurira matambudziko ezvivakwa? Takasarudza kutora nzira iyi uye kuona zvinoitika.

Kutarisa kushanda kweiyo XP maitiro kuindasitiri yakoHeino tsananguro yenzvimbo iyo XP yakanyatsokodzera, uye kuti ine hukama sei nesu:

1. Dynamically kuchinja software zvinodiwa. Zvaiva pachena kwatiri kuti chinangwa chekupedzisira chaiva chei. Asi mashoko acho anogona kusiyana. Isu pachedu tinosarudza kwatinoda tekisi, saka zvinodiwa zvinoshanduka nguva nenguva (kunyanya isu pachedu). Kana tikatora timu yeSRE, iyo inoita otomatiki pachayo, uye pachayo inodzikamisa zvinodiwa uye chiyero chebasa, saka iyi poindi inokodzera zvakanaka.

2. Njodzi dzinokonzerwa nemapurojekiti enguva yakatarwa achishandisa teknolojia itsva. Tingasangana nenjodzi patinenge tichishandisa zvimwe zvinhu zvatisingazivi. Uye iyi ndiyo 100% nyaya yedu. Chirongwa chedu chose chaive chekushandisa matekinoroji atakanga tisina kunyatsoziva. Kazhinji, iri idambudziko rinogara riripo, nekuti... Kune akawanda matekinoroji matsva ari kubuda muchikamu chezvivakwa nguva dzese.

3,4. Diki, yakabatana yakawedzerwa timu yekusimudzira. Iyo otomatiki tekinoroji yauri kushandisa inobvumira yuniti uye inoshanda bvunzo. Pfungwa mbiri idzi hadzina kunyatsotikodzera. Chekutanga, isu hatisi timu yakarongeka, uye chechipiri, kune vapfumbamwe vedu, izvo zvinogona kutorwa sechikwata chikuru. Kunyangwe, maererano nedzimwe tsananguro dze "hombe" timu, yakawanda ndeye 14+ vanhu.

Ngatitarisei mamwe maXP maitiro uye maitiro aanoita kumhanya uye kunaka kwemhinduro.

XP Feedback Loop Principle

Mukunzwisisa kwangu, mhinduro ndiyo mhinduro kumubvunzo, ndiri kuita chinhu chakanaka, tiri kuenda ikoko here? XP ine chirongwa chehumwari cheizvi: nguva yemhinduro loop. Chinhu chinonakidza ndechekuti pasi isu tiri, nekukurumidza isu tinokwanisa kuwana OS kupindura mibvunzo inodiwa.

Iyi inyaya inonakidza yekukurukurirana, kuti mune yedu IT indasitiri zvinokwanisika kukurumidza kuwana OS. Fungidzira kuti zvinorwadza sei kuita chirongwa kwemwedzi mitanhatu wobva waona kuti pane chikanganiso pakutanga. Izvi zvinoitika mukugadzira uye mune chero kuvakwa kwemaitiro akaomarara.

Mune yedu IaC, mhinduro inotibatsira. Ini ndichaita pakarepo kugadzirisa kuduku kumufananidzo uri pamusoro: chirongwa chekusunungura hachina kutenderera kwemwedzi, asi chinoitika kakawanda pazuva. Pane mamwe maitiro akasungirirwa kune ino OS kutenderera isu tichatarisa zvakadzama.

Zvakakosha: mhinduro inogona kuva mhinduro kumatambudziko ose ataurwa pamusoro apa. Yakasanganiswa neXP maitiro, inogona kukudhonza kubva mugomba rekupererwa.

Nzira yekuzvibvisa sei kubva mugomba rekuora mwoyo: maitiro matatu

Miedzo

Miedzo inotaurwa kaviri muXP mhinduro loop. Hazvina kungoita saizvozvo. Iwo akanyanya kukosha kune yese Extreme Programming maitiro.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti une Unit uye Kubvuma bvunzo. Vamwe vanokupa mhinduro mumaminetsi mashoma, vamwe mumazuva mashoma, saka vanotora nguva yakareba kunyora uye vanoongororwa zvishoma.

Pane piramidhi yekuyedza yekare, inoratidza kuti panofanirwa kuve nemiedzo yakawanda.

Iyi dhizaini inoshanda sei kwatiri muchirongwa cheIaC? Chaizvoizvo ... kwete zvachose.

• Mayedzo eyuniti, kunyangwe paine chokwadi chekuti panofanira kunge paine akawanda, haigone kuve yakawandisa. Kana kuti vari kuedza chimwe chinhu zvisina kunanga. Kutaura zvazviri, tinogona kutaura kuti hatizvinyore zvachose. Asi heano mashoma manyorerwo ebvunzo akadaro atakakwanisa kuita:
  1. Kuedza jsonnet kodhi. Iyi, semuenzaniso, ndiyo pombi yedu yekubatanidza drone, iyo yakaoma kwazvo. Iyo jsonnet kodhi yakafukidzwa zvakanaka nemiedzo.
     Isu tinoshandisa izvi Yuniti yekuyedza chimiro cheJsonnet.
  2. Miedzo yezvinyorwa zvinoitwa kana sosi yatanga. Zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa muPython, uye saka miedzo inogona kunyorwa pairi.
• Zvinogoneka kutarisa kumisikidzwa mumayedzo, asi isu hatiite izvozvo. Izvo zvakare zvinogoneka kugadzirisa yekutarisa resource kumisikidza mitemo kuburikidza tflint. Nekudaro, macheki aripo anongonyanya kukosha kune terraform, asi akawanda ebvunzo mascript akanyorerwa AWS. Uye isu tiri paAzure, saka izvi zvakare hazvishande.
• Component yekubatanidza bvunzo: zvinoenderana nekuti unoaisa sei uye kwaunoisa. Asi ivo vanonyanya kushanda.

  Izvi ndizvo zvinoita bvunzo dzekubatanidza.

  
  
  Uyu muenzaniso paunenge uchivaka mifananidzo muDrone CI. Kuti usvike kwavari, unofanirwa kumirira maminetsi makumi matatu kuti mufananidzo wePacker uumbe, wozomirira mamwe maminetsi gumi nemashanu kuti vapfuure. Asi variko!

  Image verification algorithm

  1. Packer anofanira kutanga agadzirira mufananidzo zvachose.
  2. Padivi pebvunzo pane terraform ine nharaunda yenzvimbo, yatinoshandisa kuendesa mufananidzo uyu.
  3. Pakuvhurwa, moduru diki yakarara padhuze inoshandiswa kuita kuti zvive nyore kushanda nemufananidzo.
  4. Kana iyo VM yaiswa kubva pamufananidzo, macheki anogona kutanga. Chaizvoizvo, cheki inoitwa nemotokari. Inotarisa kuti zvinyorwa zvakashanda sei pakutanga uye kuti madhimoni anoshanda sei. Kuti tiite izvi, kuburikidza ne ssh kana winrm isu tinopinda mumushini uchangobva kusimudzwa uye tarisa mamiriro ekugadzirisa kana masevhisi ari kumusoro.

• Mamiriro acho akafanana nekubatanidzwa bvunzo mumamodule eterraform. Heino tafura pfupi inotsanangura maitiro ebvunzo dzakadaro.

  
  
  Mhinduro pamusoro pepipeline inenge maminitsi makumi mana. Zvose zvinoitika kwenguva refu kwazvo. Inogona kushandiswa kudzoreredza, asi pakuvandudza kutsva kazhinji haigoneki. Kana iwe wakanyatsogadzirira izvi, gadzirira zvinyorwa zvinomhanya, saka unogona kuzvideredza kusvika kumaminitsi gumi. Asi aya haasati ari ma Unit bvunzo, anoita zana zvidimbu mumasekonzi mashanu.

Kusavapo kweyuniti bvunzo kana uchiunganidza mifananidzo kana terraform modules inokurudzira kushandura basa kupatsanura masevhisi anogona kungoitwa kuburikidza neREST, kana kuPython zvinyorwa.

Semuenzaniso, taifanira kuve nechokwadi chekuti kana muchina chaiwo watanga, unozvinyoresa musevhisi ScaleFT, uye apo muchina chaiwo wakaparadzwa, wakazvidzima.

Sezvo isu tine ScaleFT sevhisi, tinomanikidzwa kushanda nayo kuburikidza neAPI. Paive nekapepa kainyorwa ipapo kawaigona kudhonza woti: “Pinda udzime ichi nechocho. Inochengeta ese anodiwa marongero uye masvikiro.

Isu tinogona kutonyora bvunzo dzakajairwa dzeizvi, sezvo isina kusiyana neyakajairwa software: imwe mhando yeapiha inosekwa, iwe unoidhonza, uye uone zvinoitika.

Mhedzisiro yebvunzo: Kuedzwa kweyuniti, iyo inofanirwa kupa iyo OS muminiti, haipe. Uye mhando dzekuyedza dzakakwirira mupiramidhi dzinoshanda, asi dzinovhara chete chikamu chematambudziko.

Pair programming

Miedzo, hongu, yakanaka. Iwe unogona kunyora zvakawanda zvavo, zvinogona kuva zvemarudzi akasiyana. Vanozoshanda pamatanho avo uye vanotipa mhinduro. Asi dambudziko neakaipa Unit bvunzo, iyo inopa inokurumidza OS, inoramba iripo. Panguva imwecheteyo, ini ndichiri kuda inokurumidza OS iri nyore uye inofadza kushanda nayo. Tisingatauri nezvehutano hwemhinduro inoguma. Neraki, kune matekiniki anogona kupa kunyange nekukurumidza mhinduro pane yeyuniti bvunzo. Iyi ipurogiramu yevaviri.

Paunenge uchinyora kodhi, iwe unoda kuwana mhinduro pamhando yayo nekukurumidza sezvinobvira. Hongu, iwe unogona kunyora zvese muchikamu chebazi (kuitira kuti usatyora chero chinhu kune chero munhu), ita chikumbiro chekudhonza muGithub, ugochipa kune mumwe munhu ane maonero ane huremu, uye kumirira mhinduro.

Asi unogona kumirira kwenguva refu. Vanhu vose vakabatikana, uye mhinduro, kunyange kana iripo, inogona kunge isiri yemhando yepamusoro. Ngatitii mhinduro yakauya nekukurumidza, muongorori akabva anzwisisa iyo pfungwa yese, asi mhinduro ichiri kunonoka, mushure mechokwadi. Dai zvaita kare. Izvi ndizvo zvinoitirwa vaviri chirongwa - ipapo ipapo, panguva yekunyora.

Pazasi pane maviri ekuronga masitayipi uye kushanda kwawo mukushanda paIaC:

1. Yechinyakare, Aneruzivo+Ane ruzivo, chinja nenguva. Mabasa maviri - mutyairi uye mufambisi. Vanhu vaviri. Ivo vanoshanda pane imwechete kodhi uye vanochinja mabasa mushure meimwe nguva yakatarwa yenguva.

Ngatitarisei kuenderana kwezvinetso zvedu nemaitiro:

• Dambudziko: kusakwana kwezvishandiso uye zvishandiso zvekuvandudza kodhi.
  Kukanganisa kwakashata: zvinotora nguva yakareba kukudziridza, isu tinononoka, kumhanya / rhythm yebasa inorasika.
  Marwiro atinoita: isu tinoshandisa akasiyana tooling, yakajairika IDE uye zvakare kudzidza mapfupi.
• Dambudziko: Kunonoka kutumirwa.
  Negative kukanganisa: inowedzera nguva inotora kugadzira chikamu chinoshanda chekodhi. Tinofinhwa tichimirira, maoko edu anotambanudza ruoko kuti tiite chimwe chinhu takamirira.
  Tinorwa sei: isu hatina kuikunda.
• Dambudziko: kushaikwa kwemaitiro uye maitiro.
  Negative kukanganisa: hapana ruzivo rwekuita nemazvo uye maitiro asina kunaka. Inorebesa kugamuchirwa kwemhinduro.
  Kurwa kwatinoita: kuchinjana maonero uye maitiro mukushanda kweviri kunopedza dambudziko.

Dambudziko guru rekushandisa chimiro ichi muIaC ndiko kusaenzana kwekufamba kwebasa. Muchinyakare software kuvandudza, une yunifomu chaizvo kufamba. Iwe unogona kupedza maminitsi mashanu uye kunyora N. Shandisa maminitsi gumi uye nyora 10N, maminitsi gumi nemashanu - 2N. Pano iwe unogona kupedza maminitsi mashanu uye kunyora N, uye wozopedza mamwe maminitsi makumi matatu uye nyora chegumi cheN. Pano iwe hauzivi chinhu, iwe wakanamatira, benzi. Kuferefeta kunotora nguva uye kunokanganisa kubva pakuzvigadzira pachayo.

Mhedziso: muchimiro chayo chakachena hazvina kukodzera kwatiri.

2. Pingpong. Iyi nzira inosanganisira mumwe munhu anonyora bvunzo uye mumwe achiiitisa. Tichifunga nezve chokwadi chekuti zvese zvakaomesesa neYuniti bvunzo, uye iwe unofanirwa kunyora bvunzo yekubatanidza iyo inotora nguva yakareba kuronga, zvese zviri nyore zveping-pong zvinoenda.

Ndinogona kutaura kuti takaedza kupatsanura mabasa ekugadzira bvunzo script uye kuita kodhi yayo. Mumwe mubatanidzwa akauya nescript, muchikamu ichi chebasa aive nemhosva, aive neshoko rekupedzisira. Uye mumwe wacho ndiye aiva nebasa rekuita. Zvakafamba zvakanaka. Hunhu hwechinyorwa nenzira iyi hunowedzera.

Mhedziso: nhamo, kumhanya kwebasa hakubvumiri kushandiswa kweping-pong sepairi chirongwa chekudzidzira muIaC.

3.Strong Style. Kudzidzira kwakaoma. Pfungwa ndeyokuti mumwe mutori wechikamu anova mutungamiri wekufambisa, uye wechipiri anotora basa remutyairi wekuuraya. Muchiitiko ichi, kodzero yekuita sarudzo inotsamira chete nemufambisi wechikepe. Mutyairi anodhinda chete uye anogona kukanganisa zviri kuitika neshoko. Mabasa haachinje kwenguva yakareba.

Yakanaka pakudzidza, asi inoda hunyanzvi hwakapfava hwakasimba. Apa ndipo patakanga taneta. Nzira yacho yakanga yakaoma. Uye hazvisi kunyangwe zvezvivakwa.

Mhedziso: inogona kushandiswa, isu hatisi kurega kuedza.

4. Mhomho, kuputika uye zvese zvinozivikanwa asi zvisina kunyorwa zvitaera Hatizvifungire, nekuti Hatina kuzviedza uye hazvibviri kutaura nezvazvo mumamiriro ezvinhu ebasa redu.

Zvakawanikwa zvawanikwa pakushandisa pairing programming:

• Tine mafambiro asina kuenzana ebasa, izvo zvinovhiringa.
• Takamhanyira mune zvisina kukwana zvakanaka nyoro hunyanzvi. Uye nyaya yacho haibatsire kukunda zvikanganiso zvedu izvi.
• Miedzo yakareba uye matambudziko ane maturusi anoita kuti kukura kwevaviri kuve kwakaoma.

5. Pasinei neizvi, pane kubudirira. Takauya nenzira yedu "Convergence - Divergence". Ndichatsanangura muchidimbu kuti inoshanda sei.

Tine vadyidzani vekusingaperi kwemazuva mashoma (pasi pevhiki). Isu tinoita basa rimwe pamwechete. Tinogara pamwe chete kwechinguva: mumwe anonyora, mumwe anogara uye anotarisa boka rekutsigira. Zvadaro tinopararira kwenguva yakati, mumwe nomumwe anoita zvimwe zvinhu zvakazvimirira, tobva tauya pamwe chete, kubatanidza nokukurumidza, kuita chimwe chinhu pamwe chete uye kuparadzira zvakare.

Kuronga nekutaurirana

Iyo yekupedzisira block yemaitiro kuburikidza iyo OS matambudziko anogadziriswa isangano rebasa nemabasa iwo pachawo. Izvi zvinosanganisirawo kuchinjana kwechiitiko chiri kunze kwekushanda kwevaviri. Ngatitarisei maitiro matatu:

1. Zvinangwa kuburikidza nemuti wechinangwa. Takaronga hutongi hwese hwepurojekiti kuburikidza nemuti unoenda kusingagumi mune ramangwana. Nehunyanzvi, kuteedzera kunoitwa muMiro. Pane basa rimwe - chinangwa chepakati. Kubva pairi kuenda kune zvibodzwa zvidiki kana mapoka emabasa. Iwo mabasa pachawo anobva kwavari. Mabasa ese anogadzirwa uye anochengetwa pabhodhi iri.

Ichi chirongwa chinopawo mhinduro, iyo inoitika kamwe chete pazuva kana isu tichienzanisa pamisangano. Kuve nechirongwa chakafanana pamberi pemunhu wese, asi chakarongeka uye chakavhurika zvachose, chinobvumira munhu wese kuti azive zviri kuitika uye kuti tafambira mberi zvakadii.

Zvakanakira zvekuona kuona kwemabasa:

• Causality. Basa rega rega rinotungamira kune chimwe chinangwa chepasirese. Mabasa akaiswa muzvinangwa zvidiki. Iyo infrastructure domain pachayo ndeyehunyanzvi. Hazvisi nguva dzose zvinonyatsojeka kuti ndezvipi zvinokanganisa, semuenzaniso, kunyora runbook rekutamira kune imwe nginx kune bhizinesi. Kuve nekadhi rekuda pedyo kunoita kuti zvive pachena.
  
  Causality chinhu chakakosha chematambudziko. Inopindura zvakananga mubvunzo: "Ndiri kuita chinhu chakanaka here?"
• Parallelism. Isu tiri vapfumbamwe, uye hazvigoneke mumuviri kukanda munhu wese pabasa rimwe chete. Mabasa kubva kune imwe nzvimbo anogona kunge asina kukwana nguva dzose. Tinomanikidzwa kuenzanisa basa pakati pemapoka madiki anoshanda. Panguva imwecheteyo, mapoka anogara pabasa ravo kwenguva yakati, vanogona kusimbiswa nemumwe munhu. Dzimwe nguva vanhu vanodonha kubva muboka rinoshanda iri. Mumwe munhu anoenda kuzororo, mumwe munhu anoita chirevo cheDevOps conf, mumwe munhu anonyora chinyorwa paHabr. Kuziva kuti ndezvipi zvinangwa uye mabasa anogona kuitwa mukuwirirana kunove kwakakosha zvikuru.

2. Vanotsiva varatidziri vemisangano yemangwanani. Pakusimuka tine dambudziko iri - vanhu vanoita mabasa mazhinji vakafanana. Dzimwe nguva mabasa akabatana zvakasununguka uye hapana kunzwisisa kwekuti ndiani ari kuita chii. Uye maonero eimwe nhengo yechikwata akakosha zvikuru. Urwu ndirwo rumwe ruzivo runogona kushandura nzira yekugadzirisa dambudziko. Zvechokwadi, kazhinji pane mumwe munhu anewe, asi mazano uye mazano anogara achibatsira.

Kuvandudza mamiriro ezvinhu aya, takashandisa nzira ye "Changing the Leading Stand-Up". Iye zvino vanotenderedzwa maererano nerudungwe rwakati, uye izvi zvine zvazvinoita. Kana yave chijana chako, unomanikidzwa kunyura mukati uye kunzwisisa zviri kuitika kuitira kuti umhanye musangano wakanaka weScrum.

3. Demo remukati. Kubatsira mukugadzirisa dambudziko kubva pairi purogiramu, kuona pamuti wedambudziko uye rubatsiro pamisangano ye scrum mangwanani zvakanaka, asi hazvina kunaka. Sevaviri, munoganhurirwa chete neruzivo rwenyu. Muti webasa unobatsira pasi rose kunzwisisa kuti ndiani ari kuita chii. Uye muratidziri uye vaanoshanda navo pamusangano wemangwanani havazonyura mumatambudziko ako. Chokwadi vangapotsa chimwe chinhu.

Mhinduro yakawanwa mukuratidzira basa rakaitwa kune mumwe nomumwe ndokuzokurukura. Isu tinosangana kamwe pasvondo kweawa uye tinoratidza ruzivo rwemhinduro kumabasa atakaita svondo rapfuura.

Munguva yekuratidzira, zvinodikanwa kuburitsa ruzivo rwebasa uye kuve nechokwadi chekuratidzira kushanda kwayo.

Chirevo chinogona kuitwa uchishandisa cheki.1. Pinda muchirevo. Basa racho rakabva kupi, nei raitofanira?

2. Dambudziko rakagadziriswa sei kare? Semuyenzaniso, kudzvanya kukuru kwembeva kwaidiwa, kana kuti zvaisaita kuita chero chinhu zvachose.

3. Magadzirisiro atinoita. Semuenzaniso: "Tarisa, ikozvino kune scriptosik, heino kuverenga."

4. Ratidza kuti inoshanda sei. Zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa zvakananga imwe mushandisi mamiriro. Ndinoda X, ndinoita Y, ndinoona Y (kana Z). Semuenzaniso, ini ndinotumira NGINX, kuputa url, uye kuwana 200 OK. Kana chiito chacho chiri chakareba, chigadzirire pachine nguva mberi kuitira kuti ugochiratidzira gare gare. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti urege kuityora yakawandisa awa imwe pamberi pedemo, kana isina kusimba.

5. Tsanangura kuti dambudziko rakapedzwa sei zvinobudirira, matambudziko api asara, asina kupera, gadziridzo dzipi dzinogona kuitika mune ramangwana. Semuenzaniso, ikozvino CLI, ipapo pachave neakazara otomatiki muCI.

Zvinokurudzirwa kuti mukurukuri mumwe nomumwe azvichengete kusvika kumaminitsi 5-10. Kana kutaura kwako kwakakosha uye kuchizotora nguva yakareba, ronga izvi pachine nguva muchiteshi che sre-takeover.

Mushure mechikamu chechiso nechiso pane nguva dzose nhaurirano mushinda. Apa ndipo panoonekwa mhinduro yatinoda pamabasa edu.

Nekuda kweizvozvo, panoitwa ongororo yekuona kubatsira kwezviri kuitika. Iyi ndiyo mhinduro pane zvakakosha zvekutaura uye kukosha kwebasa racho.

Mhedziso refu uye chii chinotevera

Zvingaita sekuti matauriro echinyorwa chacho haaiti zvakanaka. Izvi zvakaipa. Matanho maviri ezasi emhinduro, anoti bvunzo uye maviri hurongwa, shanda. Kwete seyakakwana senge mukukura kwechinyakare, asi kune mhedzisiro yakanaka kubva mairi.

Miedzo, muchimiro chavo chazvino, inopa chete chikamu chekodhi kodhi. Mazhinji ekugadzirisa mabasa anoguma asina kuedzwa. Kufurira kwavo pabasa chairo pakunyora kodhi kwakaderera. Nekudaro, pane mhedzisiro kubva kune yekubatanidza bvunzo, uye ivo vanokutendera iwe kusatya kuita refactorings. Uku kubudirira kukuru. Zvakare, nekuchinja kwekutarisa kubudiriro mumitauro yepamusoro-soro (tine python, enda), dambudziko rinoenda. Uye haudi macheki akawanda e "glue"; cheki yekubatanidza yakazara yakakwana.

Kushanda vaviri vaviri kunoenderana zvakanyanya nevanhu chaivo. Pane chinhu chebasa uye hunyanzvi hwedu hwakapfava. Nevamwe vanhu zvinoshanda zvakanyanya, vamwe zvinotonyanya kuipa. Pane zvamazvirokwazvo mabhenefiti kubva pane izvi. Zviri pachena kuti kunyange kana mitemo yebasa remaviri isingatarisirwi zvakakwana, iyo chaiyo yekuita mabasa pamwe chete ine simba rakanaka pahutano hwechigumisiro. Ini pachangu, ndinoona kushanda muri vaviri kuri nyore uye kunonakidza.

Nzira dzepamusoro-soro dzekupesvedzera iyo OS - kuronga uye kushanda nemabasa zvinonyatso kuburitsa mhedzisiro: yemhando yepamusoro yekuchinjana ruzivo uye yakavandudzwa budiriro yemhando.

Mhedziso pfupi mumutsara mumwe

• Vashandi veHR vanoshanda muIaC, asi nekuita kushoma.
• Simbisa zvinoshanda.
• Huya neako ega anoripira nzira uye maitiro.

Source: www.habr.com