Troubleshooting operating system boot problems pamaseva asina KVM harisi basa riri nyore. Isu tinozvigadzirira KVM-pamusoro-IP pachedu kuburikidza nemufananidzo wekudzoreredza uye muchina chaiwo.
Kana paine matambudziko neiyo inoshanda sisitimu , maneja anorodha mufananidzo wekudzoreredza uye anoita basa rinodiwa. Iyi nzira inoshanda zvikuru kana chikonzero chekukundikana kuchizivikanwa, uye mufananidzo wekudzoreredza uye sisitimu yekushandisa yakaiswa pane sevha inobva kumhuri imwechete. Kana chikonzero chekukundikana chisati chazivikanwa, unofanirwa kutarisa kufambira mberi kwekutakura sisitimu yekushandisa.
Kure KVM
Iwe unogona kuwana server console uchishandisa akavakirwa-mukati maturusi akadai IPMI kana Intel® vPro ™, kana kuburikidza nekunze zvishandiso zvinonzi IP-KVM. Pane mamiriro ezvinhu umo ese akarongwa matekinoroji haawanikwe. Zvisinei, uku hakusi kuguma. Kana sevha ichigona kudzoserwa kure kure kuita mufananidzo wekudzoreredza wakavakirwa paLinux inoshanda sisitimu, ipapo KVM-pamusoro-IP inogona kukurumidza kurongeka.
Mufananidzo wekudzoreredza ndeye yakazara-yakazara inoshanda sisitimu iri mu RAM. Nekudaro, isu tinogona kumhanya chero software, kusanganisira chaiyo michina (VMs). Ndokunge, iwe unogona kuvhura VM mukati umo iyo server inoshanda sisitimu inomhanya. Kuwana kuVM koni kunogona kurongeka, semuenzaniso, kuburikidza neVNC.
Kuti umhanye sevha inoshanda sisitimu mukati meVM, unofanirwa kutsanangura sevha disks seVM disks. Mune masisitimu anoshanda emhuri yeLinux, madhisiki emuviri anomiririrwa neblock zvishandiso zvefomu / dev / sdX, iyo inogona kushandiswa nemafaira enguva dzose.
Mamwe hypervisors, akadai seQEMU neVirtualBox, anokubvumira kuchengetedza VM data mu "raw" fomu, kureva, data chete yekuchengetedza pasina hypervisor metadata. Saka, iyo VM inogona kutangwa uchishandisa sevha yemuviri disks.
Iyi nzira inoda zviwanikwa kuti utange iyo yekudzoreredza mufananidzo uye VM mukati mayo. Nekudaro, kana uine mana kana anopfuura gigabytes e RAM, izvi hazvizove dambudziko.
Kugadzirira Zvakatipoteredza
Unogona kushandisa chirongwa chakareruka uye chiri nyore semuchina chaiwo , iyo kazhinji isiri chikamu chemufananidzo wekudzoreredza uye saka inofanira kuiswa zvakasiyana. Mufananidzo wekudzoreredza watinopa kune vatengi wakavakirwa pairi , iyo inoshandisa pasuru maneja Pacman.
Kutanga, iwe unofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti mufananidzo wekudzoreredza uri kushandisa software yazvino. Unogona kutarisa uye kugadzirisa ese maOs components nemurairo unotevera:
pacman -Suy
Mushure mekuvandudza, unofanirwa kuisa QEMU. Iyo yekuisa murairo kuburikidza ne pacman ichaita seizvi:
pacman -S qemu
Ngatitarisei kuti qemu yakaiswa zvakanaka here:
root@sel-rescue ~ # qemu-system-x86_64 --version
QEMU emulator version 4.0.0
Copyright (c) 2003-2019 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
Kana zvese zviri izvo, saka mufananidzo wekudzoreredza wakagadzirira kuenda.
Kutanga muchina chaiwo
Kutanga, iwe unofanirwa kusarudza pamusoro pehuwandu hwezviwanikwa zvakagoverwa kuVM uye kutsvaga nzira dzemadhisiki emuviri. Muchiitiko chedu, isu tichagovera maviri cores uye maviri gigabytes e RAM kumuchina chaiwo, uye madhisiki ari munzira. / dev / sda и / dev / sdb. Ngatitange iyo VM:
qemu-system-x86_64
-m 2048M
-net nic -net user
-enable-kvm
-cpu host,nx
-M pc
-smp 2
-vga std
-drive file=/dev/sda,format=raw,index=0,media=disk
-drive file=/dev/sdb,format=raw,index=1,media=disk
-vnc :0,password
-monitor stdio
Tsanangudzo shoma pamusoro pezvinoreva imwe neimwe yeparamita:
- -m 2048M - govera 2 GB ye RAM kuVM;
- -net nic -net mushandisi - kuwedzera kubatanidza kuri nyore kunetiweki kuburikidza ne hypervisor uchishandisa NAT (Network Kero Dudziro);
- -gonesa-kvm -gonesa yakazara KVM (Kernel Virtual Machine) virtualization;
- -cpu host - Isu tinoudza iyo chaiyo processor kuti iwane ese kushanda kwesevha processor;
- -M PC - mhando yePC midziyo;
- -smp 2 - iyo chaiyo processor inofanirwa kunge iri mbiri-yakakosha;
- -vga std - sarudza yakajairwa vhidhiyo kadhi isingatsigire mahombe skrini ekugadziriswa;
- -Drive file=/dev/sda,format=raw,index=0,media=disk
- faira=/dev/sdX - nzira yekuvharira mudziyo unomiririra sevha disk;
- fomati=mbishi - tinocherechedza kuti mufaira yakatsanangurwa data yose iri mu "raw" fomu, kureva, sepa disk;
- index = 0 - disk nhamba, inofanira kuwedzera imwe kune imwe neimwe inotevera disk;
- media=disk - iyo chaiyo muchina inofanirwa kuziva iyi yekuchengetedza sedhisiki;
- -vnc :0, password - tanga sevha yeVNC nekukasira pa 0.0.0.0:5900, shandisa password semvumo;
- -monitor stdio - Kukurukurirana pakati pemaneja neqemu kuchaitika kuburikidza neyakajairwa yekupinda / kubuda hova.
Kana zvese zvakarongeka, iyo QEMU yekutarisa ichatanga:
QEMU 4.0.0 monitor - type 'help' for more information
(qemu)
Takaratidza kuti mvumo inoitika uchishandisa password, asi haina kuratidza iyo password pachayo. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nekutumira shanduko vnc password command kune QEMU yekutarisa. Chiziviso chakakosha: Pasiwedhi haigone kudarika mavara masere.
(qemu) change vnc password
Password: ******
Mushure meizvi, isu tinokwanisa kubatana nechero VNC mutengi, semuenzaniso, Remmina, tichishandisa IP kero yeserver yedu nepassword yatakatsanangura.
Iye zvino isu hatisi kungoona zvikanganiso zvinogoneka padanho rekurodha, asi isu tinogona zvakare kubata nazvo.
Kana wapedza, unofanira kuvhara virtual muchina. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa mukati meOS nekutumira chiratidzo kudzima, kana nekupa murairo system_powerdown muQEMU monitor. Izvi zvichange zvakaenzana nekudzvanya bhatani rekuvhara kamwe chete: iyo inoshanda sisitimu mukati meiyo chaiyo muchina inovhara pasi zvakanaka.
Operating system installation
Iwo chaiwo muchina une mukana wakazara kune sevha disks uye saka unogona kushandiswa kuisa nemaoko sisitimu yekushandisa. Iyo chete inogumira huwandu hwe RAM: iyo ISO mufananidzo haugone kugara wakaiswa mu RAM. Ngatigovere magigabytes mana e RAM kuchengetedza mufananidzo mukati / mnt:
mount -t tmpfs -o size=4G tmpfs /mnt
Isu tichadhawunirodha iyo yekumisikidza mufananidzo weFreeBSD 12.0 inoshanda sisitimu:
wget -P /mnt ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/12.0/FreeBSD-12.0-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso
Iye zvino unogona kutanga VM:
qemu-system-x86_64
-m 2048M
-net nic -net user
-enable-kvm
-cpu host,nx
-M pc
-smp 2
-vga std
-drive file=/dev/sda,format=raw,index=0,media=disk
-drive file=/dev/sdb,format=raw,index=1,media=disk
-vnc :0,password
-monitor stdio
-cdrom /mnt/FreeBSD-12.0-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso
-boot d
Flag -bhoti d inoisa booting kubva kuCD drive. Isu tinobatana neVNC mutengi uye toona iyo FreeBSD bootloader.
Sezvo kuwana kero kuburikidza neDHCP kwakashandiswa kuwana Indaneti, mushure mekugadzirisa zvingave zvakakosha kutanga muhurongwa huchangobva kuiswa uye kugadzirisa zvirongwa zvetiweki. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvingave zvakakosha kuisa madhiraivha etiweki, sezvo kadhi retiweki rakaiswa museva uye iro rakateedzerwa muVM rakasiyana.
mhedziso
Iyi nzira yekuronga kure kure kune server server inoshandisa zvimwe zve server zviwanikwa, zvisinei, haiisi chero zvakakosha zvinodiwa pane server hardware, uye saka inogona kuitwa mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu. Kushandisa iyi mhinduro kunoita kuti zvive nyore kuongorora kukanganisa kwesoftware uye kudzoreredza kushanda kwesevha iri kure.
Source: www.habr.com