Mukutanga kwe2010s, boka rakabatana renyanzvi kubva kuStanford University, University of Massachusetts, The Tor Project uye SRI International vakapa mhedzisiro yavo. nzira dzekurwisa censorship paInternet.
Masayendisiti akaongorora nzira dzekunzvenga kuvharika kwaivepo panguva iyoyo uye vakaronga nzira yavo, inonzi flash proxy. Nhasi tichataura pamusoro pezvazvinoita uye nhoroondo yebudiriro.
Nhanganyaya
IInternet yakatanga setiweki yakavhurika kune ese marudzi e data, asi nekufamba kwenguva, nyika zhinji dzakatanga kusefa traffic. Dzimwe nyika dzinovharira mawebhusaiti chaiwo, seYouTube kana Facebook, nepo dzimwe dzichirambidza kupinda kune izvo zvine zvimwe zvinhu. Mabhuroka emhando imwe kana imwe anoshandiswa munyika dzakawanda kubva kumatunhu akasiyana, kusanganisira Europe.
Vashandisi vari kumatunhu uko kuvharika kunoshandiswa vanoedza kuidarika vachishandisa maproxies akasiyana. Kune akati wandei mafambiro ekusimudzira masisitimu akadaro; imwe yetekinoroji, Tor, yakashandiswa panguva yeprojekiti.
Kazhinji, vanogadzira proxy masisitimu ekupfuura nekuvharira vanotarisana nemabasa matatu anoda kugadziriswa:
- Rendezvous protocols. Iyo rendezvous protocol inobvumira vashandisi vari munyika yakavharwa kutumira uye kugashira hudiki hweruzivo kumisikidza kubatana neproxy - mune yeTor, semuenzaniso, inoshandisa rendezvous kugovera IP kero yeTor relays (mabhiriji). Maprotocol akadaro anoshandiswa kune yakaderera-reti traffic uye hazvisi nyore kuvhara.
- Kugadzira proxy. Masisitimu ekukunda kuvharira anoda ma proxies kunze kwedunhu ane yakasefa Internet kuendesa traffic kubva kune mutengi kuenda kune yakanangwa zviwanikwa uye kumashure. Varongi veBlock vanogona kupindura nekudzivirira vashandisi kudzidza ma IP kero emaseva eproxy uye kuvavharira. Kupikisa vakadaro iyo proxy sevhisi inofanirwa kukwanisa kugara ichigadzira maproxies matsva. Kukurumidza kusikwa kwemaproxies matsva ndiwo musimboti weiyo nzira yakatsanangurwa nevaongorori.
- Camouflage. Kana mutengi agamuchira kero yeproxy isina kuvharwa, inoda neimwe nzira kuvanza kutaurirana kwayo nayo kuitira kuti chikamu chisavharwe uchishandisa maturusi ekuongorora traffic. Inoda kuvharidzirwa se "nguva dzose" traffic, sekuchinjana data nechitoro chepamhepo, mitambo yepamhepo, nezvimwe.
Mubasa ravo, masayendisiti akakurudzira nzira itsva yekukurumidza kugadzira proxies.
Sei basa iri
Pfungwa yakakosha ndeye kushandisa akawanda mawebhusaiti kugadzira huwandu hukuru hwema proxies nehupenyu hupfupi husingapfuure maminetsi mashoma.
Kuti uite izvi, network yemasaiti madiki ari kugadzirwa ayo ari evazvipiri - senge mapeji epamba evashandisi vanogara kunze kwedunhu nekuvharika kweInternet. Aya mawebhusaiti haana kana hukama nezviwanikwa izvo mushandisi anoda kuwana.
Bheji diki rakaiswa panzvimbo yakadaro, iri nyore interface yakagadzirwa uchishandisa JavaScript. Muenzaniso wekodhi iyi:
<iframe src="//crypto.stanford.edu/flashproxy/embed.html" width="80" height="15" frameborder="0" scrolling="no"></iframe>Izvi ndizvo zvinoita bheji:
Kana bhurawuza kubva kune imwe nzvimbo iri kunze kwenzvimbo yakavharika ikasvika saiti yakadaro ine bheji, inotanga kufambisa traffic yakananga kudunhu iri uye kumashure. Ndiko kuti, browser yemushanyi wewebhusaiti inova proxy yenguva pfupi. Kana mushandisi angosiya saiti, proxy inoparadzwa pasina kusiya chero trace.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvinokwanisika kuwana kuita kwakakwana kutsigira Tor tunnel.
Pamusoro peTor Relay uye mutengi, mushandisi achada zvimwe zvinhu zvitatu. Iyo inonzi mufambisi, iyo inogamuchira zvikumbiro kubva kune mutengi uye inoibatanidza neproxy. Kukurukurirana kunoitika uchishandisa ekufambisa plugins pane mutengi (pano ) uye Tor-relay switch kubva kuWebSockets kuenda kuTCP yakachena.
Iyo yakajairika chikamu uchishandisa chirongwa ichi chinotaridzika seizvi:
- Mutengi anomhanyisa Tor, flash-proxy mutengi (browser plugin), uye anotumira chikumbiro chekunyoresa kumufambisi achishandisa rendezvous protocol. Iyo plugin inotanga kuteerera kune iri kure kubatana.
- Iyo Flash proxy inooneka pamhepo uye inobata mufambisi nechikumbiro chekubatana nemutengi.
- Mufambisi anodzosera kunyoreswa, achipfuudza data yekubatanidza kune iyo flash proxy.
- Iyo proxy inobatanidza kune mutengi ane data yakatumirwa kwairi.
- Iyo proxy inobatanidza kune yekufambisa plugin uye Tor relay uye inotanga kuchinjana data pakati pemutengi uye relay.
Iyo peculiarity yeiyi dhizaini ndeyekuti mutengi haamboziva pachine nguva paachazoda kubatana. Muchokwadi, iyo plugin yekufambisa inogamuchira kero yekunyepedzera yekuenda chete kuitira kuti isatyore zvinodikanwa zvezvifambiso protocol. Iyi kero inobva yafuratirwa uye mugero unogadzirwa kune imwe magumo - iyo Tor relay.
mhedziso
Iyo flash proxy purojekiti yakagadziridzwa kwemakore akati wandei uye muna 2017 vagadziri vakamira kuitsigira. Iyo kodhi yeprojekiti inowanikwa pa . Flash proxies yakatsiviwa nemidziyo mitsva yekunzvenga kuvharira. Imwe yacho ipurojekiti yeSnowflake, yakavakirwa pamisimboti yakafanana.
Source: www.habr.com