Mhosva kana mugadziri agadzira chakaomarara chemagetsi mudziyo kubva pakutanga, achivimba chete netsvakiridzo yake, haawanzoshomeka. Sezvo mutemo, mamwe maturusi anozvarwa pamharadzano yeakawanda matekinoroji uye zviyero zvakagadzirwa nevanhu vakasiyana panguva dzakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, ngatitore banal flash drive. Iyi inotakurika yekuchengetera svikiro yakavakirwa pane isiri-inotenderera NAND ndangariro uye ine yakavakirwa-mukati USB port, iyo inoshandiswa kubatanidza drive kune mutengi mudziyo. Nekudaro, kuti unzwisise kuti mudziyo wakadaro unogona sei, mukutanga, kuoneka pamusika, zvinodikanwa kutsvaga nhoroondo yekugadzirwa kwete chete memory chips pachayo, asiwo inoenderana interface, pasina iyo flash inotyaira isu. vanongoziva vangadai vasipo. Ngatiedzei kuita izvi.
Semiconductor midziyo yekuchengetedza inotsigira kudzima rekodhi data yakaonekwa ingangoita hafu yezana ramakore rapfuura: yekutanga EPROM yakagadzirwa naIsrael mainjiniya Dov Froman kumashure muna 1971.
Dov Froman, mugadziri weEPROM
MaROM, matsva enguva yavo, akashandiswa zvakabudirira mukugadzirwa kwe microcontrollers (semuenzaniso, Intel 8048 kana Freescale 68HC11), asi akazove asina kukodzera zvachose kugadzira madhiraivha anotakurika. Dambudziko guru neEPROM raive nzira yakanyanyisa kuoma yekudzima ruzivo: nekuda kweizvi, dunhu rakabatanidzwa raifanira kuvhenekerwa mu ultraviolet spectrum. Mashandiro aakaita aive ekuti mafotoni eUV akapa maerekitironi akawandisa simba rakakwana rekubvisa chaji pagedhi rinoyangarara.
EPROM machipisi aive nemahwindo akasarudzika ekudzima data, akafukidzwa nemapuleti equartz
Izvi zvakawedzera zvipingamupinyi zviviri zvakakosha. Chekutanga, zvaingogoneka kudzima data pane chip chakadaro munguva yakakwana uchishandisa rambi remecury rine simba rakakwana, uye kunyangwe mune iyi chiitiko chiitiko chakatora maminetsi akati wandei. Kana tichienzanisa, mwenje wenguva dzose wefluorescent waizodzima ruzivo mukati memakore akati wandei, uye kana chip chakadaro chakasara muchiedza chezuva, zvinotora mavhiki kuti chicheneswe zvachose. Chechipiri, kunyangwe kuita uku kwaigona kugadziridzwa neimwe nzira, kudzima kwakasarudzika kwefaira kwaisazogoneka: ruzivo rweEPROM rwaizodzimwa zvachose.
Matambudziko akanyorwa akagadziriswa muchizvarwa chinotevera chechips. Muna 1977, Eli Harari (nenzira, akazovamba SanDisk, iyo yakava imwe yevagadziri vepasirese vekuchengetedza midhiya yakavakirwa pane flash memory), vachishandisa tekinoroji yekuburitsa tekinoroji, yakagadzira yekutanga prototype yeEEPROM - ROM umo kudzima data, kufanana nepurogiramu, yakaitwa nemagetsi chete.
Eli Harari, muvambi weSanDisk, akabata imwe yekutanga SD makadhi
Nheyo yekushanda yeEEPROM yakanga yakada kufanana neyemazuva ano NAND ndangariro: gedhi rinoyangarara raishandiswa semutakuri wechaji, uye maerekitironi aifambiswa kuburikidza nedielectric layer nekuda kweiyo tunnel effect. Kurongeka kwemaseru endangariro pachayo yaive maviri-dimensional array, ayo akatoita kuti zvikwanise kunyora nekudzima kero yedata-huchenjeri. Pamusoro pezvo, EEPROM yaive neyakanakisa chengetedzo muganho: sero rega rega raigona kunyorwa pamusoro kusvika miriyoni imwe nguva.
Asi pano, zvakare, zvese zvakazove kure nekunaka. Kuti ukwanise kudzima data nemagetsi, imwe transistor yaifanira kuiswa musero yega yega yekurangarira kudzora manyorero nekudzima. Ikozvino paive newaya nhatu pane array element (3 column wire uye 1 row wire), izvo zvakaita kuti zvikamu zvematrix zviome uye zvakakonzera matambudziko makuru ekuyera. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kugadzira diki uye capacious zvishandiso zvaive kunze kwemubvunzo.
Sezvo yakatogadzirwa modhi ye semiconductor ROM yagara iripo, kumwe kutsvagisa kwesainzi kwakaenderera mberi neziso rekugadzira mamicrocircuits anokwanisa kupa mamwe madhigirii ekuchengetedza data. Uye vakapfekedzwa korona nekubudirira muna 1984, apo Fujio Masuoka, aishanda kuToshiba Corporation, akaratidzira prototype yeasinga zungunuke flash memory paInternational Electron Devices Meeting, yakaitirwa mukati memadziro eInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) .
Fujio Masuoka, "baba" vendangariro dzinopenya
Nenzira, zita racho pacharo harina kugadzirwa naFujio, asi nemumwe wevaaishanda navo, Shoji Ariizumi, uyo maitiro ekudzima data akamuyeuchidza nezvemheni inopenya (kubva kuChirungu "flash" - "flash"). . Kusiyana neEEPROM, flash memory yaive yakavakirwa paMOSFETs ine rimwe gedhi rinoyangarara riri pakati pe-p-layer negedhi rekutonga, izvo zvakaita kuti zvibvire kubvisa zvisingakoshi uye kugadzira madiki machipisi chaiwo.
Masampula ekutanga ekutengesa eflash memory aive Intel machipisi akagadzirwa uchishandisa NOR (Kwete-Or) tekinoroji, kugadzirwa kwayo kwakatangwa muna 1988. Sezvakaitika kune EEPROM, matrices avo aive maviri-dimensional array, umo sero rimwe nerimwe rekurangarira raive pamharadzano yemutsara nekoramu (maconductor anoenderana akabatana nemasuwo akasiyana e transistor, uye sosi yakabatana. kune common substrate). Nekudaro, kare muna 1989, Toshiba yakaunza yayo vhezheni yeflash memory, inonzi NAND. Mutsara waive nechimiro chakafanana, asi mune imwe neimwe yemanode, pachinzvimbo chesero rimwe chete, paive zvino akati wandei akabatana akateedzana. Mukuwedzera, maMOSFET maviri akashandiswa mumutsara wega wega: control transistor iri pakati peiyo bit line uye column yemasero, uye pasi transistor.
Iyo yakanyanya kurongedza density yakabatsira kuwedzera iyo chip kugona, asi iyo yekuverenga / kunyora algorithm zvakare yakawedzera kuomarara, izvo zvaisakwanisa asi kukanganisa kukurumidza kwekufambisa ruzivo. Nechikonzero ichi, chivakwa chitsva hachina kuzombokwanisa kutsiva zvachose NOR, iyo yakawana application mukugadzirwa kweakamisikidzwa maROM. Panguva imwecheteyo, NAND yakave yakanakira kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinotakurika zvekuchengetedza data - makadhi eSD uye, hongu, madhiraivha.
Nenzira, kutaridzika kweiyo yekupedzisira kwakagoneka chete muna 2000, apo mutengo wekurangarira flash wakadonha zvakakwana uye kuburitswa kwemidziyo yakadaro kumusika wekutengesa kunogona kubhadhara. Nyika yekutanga USB drive yaive brainchild yekambani yeIsrael M-Systems: compact flash drive DiskOnKey (iyo inogona kududzirwa se "disk-on-keychain", sezvo mudziyo waive nemhete yesimbi pamuviri waiita kuti zvibvire. takura flash drive pamwe neboka rekiyi) yakagadzirwa nevainjiniya Amir Banom, Dov Moran naOran Ogdan. Panguva iyoyo, vaikumbira madhora makumi mashanu kune kamudziyo kadiki kaigona kubata 8 MB yeruzivo uye yaigona kutsiva akawanda 3,5-inch floppy disks.
DiskOnKey - yekutanga yepasi flash drive kubva kuIsrael kambani M-Systems
Chokwadi chinonakidza: muUnited States, DiskOnKey yaive nemuparidzi wepamutemo, yaive IBM. "Localized" madhiraivha edhiraivha aive asina kusiyana neawo ekutanga, kunze kweiyo logo iri kumberi, ndosaka vazhinji vachikanganisa vachiti kusikwa kweiyo yekutanga USB drive kumubatanidzwa weAmerica.
DiskOnKey, IBM Edition
Kutevera muenzaniso wepakutanga, mwedzi mishoma gare gare, mamwe magadzirirwo ane simba eDiskOnKey ane gumi nematanhatu uye 16 MB akaburitswa, ayo akange ave kutokumbira madhora zana nemadhora zana nemakumi mashanu, zvichiteerana. Pasinei nemutengo wakakwira, musanganiswa wehukuru compact, huwandu uye yakakwirira yekuverenga / kunyora kumhanya (iyo yakazoita ingangoita gumi yakakwira kupfuura standard floppy disks) yakafadza vatengi vazhinji. Uye kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, madhiraivha akatanga kufora kwavo kwekukunda pasirese.
Mumwe murwi mumunda: hondo ye USB
Nekudaro, iyo flash drive ingadai isina kunge iri flash drive dai iyo Universal Serial Bus yakatarwa isina kuoneka makore mashanu apfuura - izvi ndizvo zvinomirirwa nechidimbu chakajairwa USB. Uye nhoroondo yemabviro eiyi chiyero inogona kunzi inenge inonakidza kupfuura kugadzirwa kweflash memory pachayo.
Sezvo mutemo, mitsva yekusangana uye zviyero muIT mhedzisiro yekubatana kwepedyo pakati pemabhizinesi makuru, kazhinji kunyange kukwikwidzana, asi kumanikidzwa kubatana kuti vagadzire mhinduro yakabatana iyo yaizorerutsa zvakanyanya kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvitsva. Izvi zvakaitika, semuenzaniso, nemakadhi ememori eSD: yekutanga vhezheni yeSecure Digital Memory Card yakagadzirwa muna 1999 nekutora chikamu kweSanDisk, Toshiba nePanasonic, uye chiyero chitsva chakave chakabudirira zvekuti chakapihwa indasitiri. title kwangopera gore. Nhasi, iyo SD Kadhi Association ine anopfuura chiuru emakambani enhengo, ayo mainjiniya ari kugadzira mitsva uye kugadzira zvirevo zviripo zvinotsanangura maparamendi akasiyana emakadhi eflash.
Uye pakutanga kutarisa, nhoroondo ye USB yakafanana zvachose nezvakaitika neSecure Digital standard. Kuita kuti makomputa emunhu awedzere-ushamwari, vagadziri ve Hardware vanodiwa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, dhizaini yepasirese yekushanda nemaperipherals aitsigira kupisa plugging uye yaisada kumwe kugadziridzwa. Pamusoro pezvo, kusikwa kwechiyero chakabatana kwaizogoneka kubvisa "zoo" yezviteshi (COM, LPT, PS/2, MIDI-port, RS-232, nezvimwewo), izvo zvaizobatsira mune ramangwana. kurerutsa zvakanyanya uye kuderedza mutengo wekugadzira michina mitsva, pamwe nekuunzwa kwerutsigiro kune mamwe maturusi.
Tichipesana nemamiriro ezvinhu ezvinodikanwa izvi, makambani akati wandei ari kugadzira zvinhu zvemakomputa, maperipherals uye software, makuru acho aive Intel, Microsoft, Philips neUS Robotics, vakabatana mukuyedza kutsvaga yakafanana denominator yaizoenderana nevatambi vese varipo, iyo yakazopedzisira yava USB . Kufarirwa kweiyo chiyero chitsva kwakabatanidzwa zvakanyanya neMicrosoft, iyo yakawedzera rutsigiro rweiyo interface kumashure muWindows 95 (chigamba chinoenderana chakaverengerwa muSevhisi Release 2), uye ndokupinza mutyairi anodiwa mushanduro yekuburitsa yeWindows 98. panguva imwecheteyo, kumberi kwesimbi, rubatsiro rwakabva kupi nekupi. vakamirira: muna 1998, iMac G3 yakaburitswa - yekutanga-in-one komputa kubva kuApple, iyo yakashandisa chete USB ports kubatanidza michina yekupinza uye mamwe maperipherals (ane kunze kwemakrofoni nemahedhifoni). Nenzira dzakawanda, uku kutendeuka kwe180-degree (mushure mezvose, panguva iyoyo Apple yaivimba neFireWire) yakakonzerwa nekudzoka kwaSteve Jobs pachinzvimbo cheMutungamiriri wekambani, izvo zvakaitika gore rakapfuura.
Iyo yekutanga iMac G3 - yekutanga "USB komputa"
Muchokwadi, kuzvarwa kweiyo universal serial bhazi kwairwadza zvakanyanya, uye kutaridzika kwe USB pachayo ndiko kunonyanya kukosha kwete kwemega-corporations kana kunyange yeimwe dhipatimendi rekutsvagisa rinoshanda sechikamu cheimwe kambani, asi yemunhu chaiye. -Injiniya yeIntel Indian mavambo anonzi Ajay Bhatt.
Ajay Bhatt, mukuru ideologist uye musiki we USB interface
Kare muna 1992, Ajay akatanga kufunga kuti "kombuta yako" haina kunyatsoenderana nezita rayo. Kunyange basa riri nyore pakutanga kuona sekubatanidza printer uye kudhinda gwaro raida zvimwe zvidzidzo kubva kune mushandisi (kunyange, zvingaita sokuti, nei mushandi wepahofisi anodiwa kugadzira mushumo kana chirevo anonzwisisa michina yakaoma?) kuti aende kunyanzvi . Uye kana zvese zvakasiiwa sezvazviri, iyo PC haizombove chigadzirwa chakawanda, izvo zvinoreva kuti kupfuura nhamba yevashandisi vane mamirioni gumi pasirese haina kukosha kana kurota.
Panguva iyoyo, vese Intel neMicrosoft vakanzwisisa kukosha kweimwe mhando yekumisikidza. Kunyanya, kutsvagurudza munzvimbo iyi kwakatungamira mukubuda kwebhazi rePCI uye pfungwa yePlug&Play, zvinoreva kuti danho raBhatt, uyo akasarudza kuisa pfungwa dzake pakuedza kwake kutsvaga mhinduro yepasi rose yekubatanidza maperipherals, aifanira kunge akagamuchirwa. zvakanaka. Asi izvo zvakanga zvisiri izvo: Ajay mukuru wepakarepo, mushure mekuteerera kune injiniya, akati basa iri rakanga rakaoma zvokuti rakanga risina kukodzera kutambisa nguva.
Ipapo Ajay akatanga kutsvaga rutsigiro mumapoka akafanana uye akaiwana mumunhu wemumwe wevakakurumbira Intel vaongorori (Intel Fellow) Fred Pollack, aizivikanwa panguva iyoyo nebasa rake seinjiniya anotungamira weIntel iAPX 432 uye mugadziri anotungamira. yeIntel i960, iyo yakapa girinhi mwenje kupurojekiti. Zvisinei, iyi yaingova mavambo: kushandiswa kwezano rakakura kudaro kwaizove kusingabviri pasina kubatanidzwa kwevamwe vatambi vemusika. Kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, "dambudziko" chairo rakatanga, nekuti Ajay aifanira kwete kungotendesa nhengo dzeIntel kushanda mapoka nezvechipikirwa chepfungwa iyi, asi zvakare kutsvaga rutsigiro rwevamwe vanogadzira hardware.
Zvakatora rinenge gore nehafu kune dzakawanda nhaurirano, kubvumidza uye zvirongwa zvepfungwa. Munguva iyi, Ajay akabatanidzwa naBala Kadambi, akatungamira timu inotungamira PCI nePlug & Play uye akazove Intel's director weI / O interface tekinoroji zviyero, naJim Pappas, nyanzvi yeI / O masisitimu. Muchirimo cha1994, takazokwanisa kuumba boka rekushanda ndokutanga kushanda pamwe chete nemamwe makambani.
Mugore rakatevera, Ajay nechikwata chake vakasangana nevamiriri vemakambani anopfuura makumi mashanu, kusanganisira madiki, mabhizinesi ane hunyanzvi uye hofori dzakadai seCompaq, DEC, IBM neNEC. Basa rakanga richinyatsoita 50/24: kubva mangwanani-ngwanani vatatu vakaenda kumisangano yakawanda, uye usiku vaisangana pane imwe nzvimbo yekudyira iri pedyo kuti vakurukure hurongwa hwekuita kwezuva raitevera.
Zvimwe kune vamwe maitiro aya ebasa angaratidzika sekutambisa nguva. Zvakangodaro, zvese izvi zvakabereka zvibereko: semhedzisiro, zvikwata zvakawanda zvakaumbwa zvakaumbwa, izvo zvaisanganisira mainjiniya kubva kuBMM neCompaq, nyanzvi mukusikwa kwezvikamu zvekombuta, vanhu vanobatanidzwa mukugadzira machipisi kubva kuIntel neNEC pachayo, vagadziri vepurogiramu vakashanda. kugadzira maapplication, madhiraivha uye masisitimu anoshanda (kusanganisira kubva kuMicrosoft), uye dzimwe nyanzvi dzakawanda. Rakanga riri basa repanguva imwe chete pamativi akati kuti rakazobatsira kugadzira chiyero chinochinjika uye chepasi rose.
Ajay Bhatt naBala Kadambi pamhemberero dzeEuropean Inventor Award
Kunyangwe timu yaAjay yakakwanisa kugadzirisa zvine hungwaru matambudziko echimiro chezvematongerwo enyika (nekuwana kudyidzana pakati pemakambani akasiyana siyana, kusanganisira ayo aive makwikwi akananga) uye tekinoroji (nekuunza pamwe nyanzvi dzakawanda mundima dzakasiyana pasi pedenga remba imwe), pakanga pachine chimwe chinhu icho. zvinoda kunyatsotariswa - rutivi rwehupfumi rwenyaya. Uye apa taifanira kuita zvakakosha zvibvumirano. Semuenzaniso, chaive chishuwo chekudzikisa mutengo wewaya zvakakonzera kuti iyo yakajairika USB Type-A, iyo yatinoshandisa nanhasi, yakava divi rimwe. Mushure mezvose, kugadzira tambo yepasirese yechokwadi, zvingave zvakafanira kwete chete kushandura dhizaini yekubatanidza, ichiita kuti ive symmetrical, asiwo kaviri nhamba ye conductive cores, izvo zvaizoita kuti mutengo wewaya wapetwa kaviri. Asi ikozvino tine meme isingaperi nezve quantum hunhu hwe USB.
Vamwe vatori vechikamu chepurojekiti vakasimbirirawo pakudzikisa mutengo. Panyaya iyi, Jim Pappas anofarira kuyeuka runhare kubva kuBetsy Tanner kubva kuMicrosoft, uyo rimwe zuva akazivisa kuti, zvinosuruvarisa, kambani inotarisira kusiya kushandiswa kweiyo USB interface mukugadzira mbeva dzekombuta. Chinhu ndechekuti kubuda kwe5 Mbit/s (iyi ndiyo danho rekufambisa data rakarongwa pakutanga) raive rakawandisa, uye mainjiniya aitya kuti aisazokwanisa kuzadzisa zvakatarwa zvekukanganiswa kwemagetsi, izvo zvinoreva kuti "turbo" yakadaro. mbeva" inogona kukanganisa kushanda kwakajairika zvese zviri zviviri PC pachayo uye mamwe madhivhari.
Mukupindura kukakavara kwakanaka pamusoro pekudzivirira, Betsy akapindura kuti kuwedzera kuvharisa kwaizoita kuti tambo idhure: masendi mana pamusoro petsoka yega yega, kana masendi makumi maviri nemana yewaya yakajairwa 4 metres (24 ft), izvo zvakaita kuti pfungwa yese ive isina musoro. Uye zvakare, iyo mbeva tambo inofanirwa kuramba ichichinjika zvakakwana kuitira kuti isadzore kufamba kwemaoko. Kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, zvakasarudzwa kuwedzera kupatsanurwa mu-high-speed (1,8 Mbit / s) uye yakaderera-speed (6 Mbit / s) modes. Nzvimbo yakachengetwa ye12 Mbit/s yakabvumira kushandiswa kwezvimedu uye hubs kubatanidza michina yakati wandei pachiteshi chimwe chete, uye 1,5 Mbit/s yaive yakakwana yekubatanidza mbeva, kiyibhodhi uye zvimwe midziyo yakafanana kuPC.
Jim pachake anoona iyi nyaya sechigumbuso icho chakazoita kuti chirongwa chese chibudirire. Mushure mezvose, pasina rutsigiro rweMicrosoft, kusimudzira mwero mutsva pamusika kungave kwakaoma. Uye zvakare, kuwirirana kwakawanikwa kwakabatsira kuita kuti USB idhure zvakanyanya, uye nekudaro inokwezva mumaziso evagadziri vemidziyo yemagetsi.
Chii chiri muzita rangu, kana Crazy rebranding
Uye sezvo nhasi tiri kukurukura madhiraivha e USB, ngatijekesewo mamiriro acho neshanduro uye nekumhanyisa maitiro eiyo chiyero. Zvese pano hazvisi nyore sezvazvingaite sekutanga kuona, nekuti kubvira 2013, iyo USB Implementers Forum sangano rakaedza zvese kuvhiringa kwete chete vatengiwo zvavo, asiwo nyanzvi kubva kuIT world.
Pakutanga, zvese zvaive zviri nyore uye zvine musoro: isu tine inononoka USB 2.0 ine yakakura kupfuura 480 Mbit/s (60 MB/s) uye kagumi nekukurumidza USB 10, iyo yakanyanya kumhanyisa data inosvika 3.0 Gbit/s ( 5 MB/ s). Nekuda kwekuenderana kumashure, USB 640 drive inogona kubatanidzwa kune USB 3.0 chiteshi (kana zvinopesana), asi kumhanya kwekuverenga nekunyora mafaera kunogumira ku2.0 MB/s, sezvo chinononoka chishandiso chichaita sebhodhoro.
Musi waChikunguru 31, 2013, USB-IF yakaunza huwandu hwakaringana hwekuvhiringidzika mune ino nhete sisitimu: paive pazuva iri apo kugamuchirwa kwechinhu chitsva, USB 3.1, kwakaziviswa. Uye kwete, pfungwa yacho haisi zvachose muzvikamu zvezvikamu zveshanduro, izvo zvakasangana nazvo kare (kunyangwe mukururamisira zvakakosha kuziva kuti USB 1.1 yaiva shanduro yakagadziridzwa ye1.0. USB Implementers Forum nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero ndakafunga kutumidza zita rekare chiyero. Tarisa maoko ako:
- USB 3.0 yakashandurwa kuva USB 3.1 Gen 1. Uku ndiko kutumidza zita rakachena: hapana kuvandudzwa kwakaitwa, uye kukurumidza kukuru kunoramba kwakafanana - 5 Gbps uye kwete zvishoma.
- USB 3.1 Gen 2 yakava chiyero chitsva chaicho: shanduko kuenda ku128b/132b encoding (yaimbova 8b/10b) mune yakazara-duplex modhi yakatibvumira kupeta kaviri interface bandwidth uye kuwana inoshamisa 10 Gbps, kana 1280 MB/s.
Asi izvi hazvina kukwana kune vakomana kubva ku USB-IF, saka vakafunga kuwedzera akati wandei mamwe mazita: USB 3.1 Gen 1 yakava SuperSpeed, uye USB 3.1 Gen 2 yakava SuperSpeed +. Uye danho iri rakanyatsoruramiswa: kune mutengi wekutengesa, kure nenyika yekombuta tekinoroji, zviri nyore kurangarira zita rinobata pane kutevedzana kwemavara nenhamba. Uye pano zvinhu zvose zvine intuitive: tine "super-speed" interface, iyo, sezita rinoratidza, inokurumidza zvikuru, uye kune "super-speed" interface, iyo inokurumidza kukurumidza. Asi nei zvaive zvakafanira kuita "rebranding" yakadaro yegeneral indices hazvina kujeka.
Zvisinei, hapana muganhu wekusakwana: musi waSeptember 22, 2017, nekubudiswa kwe USB 3.2 standard, mamiriro acho akawedzera kuipa. Ngatitangei nechakanaka: iyo inodzoserwa USB Type-C yekubatanidza, iyo yakatarwa iyo yakagadziridzwa chizvarwa chekare cheiyo interface, yakaita kuti zvikwanise kupeta kaviri iyo yepamusoro bhandi bandwidth nekushandisa duplicate pini seyakasarudzika data data chiteshi. Aya ndiwo mabudiro akaita USB 3.2 Gen 2 × 2 (nei isingadaidzwe USB 3.2 Gen 3 zvakare chakavanzika), inoshanda nekumhanya kusvika ku20 Gbit/s (2560 MB/s), iyo, kunyanya, ine. yakawana application mukugadzirwa kwekunze kwakasimba-nyika madhiraivha (iyi ndiyo chiteshi chine high-speed WD_BLACK P50, yakanangwa nevatambi).
Uye zvese zvaizoita zvakanaka, asi, pamusoro pekuunzwa kwemwero mutsva, kupihwa zita rekare hakuna kunonoka kuuya: USB 3.1 Gen 1 yakashandurwa kuita USB 3.2 Gen 1, uye USB 3.1 Gen 2 kuita USB 3.2 Gen. 2. Kunyange mazita ekutengesa akachinja, uye USB-IF yakabva kune yakambogamuchirwa pfungwa ye "intuitive uye isina nhamba": panzvimbo yekusarudza USB 3.2 Gen 2x2 se, semuenzaniso, SuperSpeed ++ kana UltraSpeed, vakasarudza kuwedzera zvakananga. chiratidzo chehupamhi hwekufambisa data:
- USB 3.2 Gen 1 yakava SuperSpeed USB 5Gbps,
- USB 3.2 Gen 2 - SuperSpeed USB 10Gbps,
- USB 3.2 Gen 2×2 - SuperSpeed USB 20Gbps.
Uye maitiro ekuita ne zoo ye USB zviyero? Kuita kuti hupenyu hwako huve nyore, isu takanyora pfupiso tafura-memo, nerubatsiro rwacho zvisingazove zvakaoma kuenzanisa shanduro dzakasiyana dzeinterfaces.
Standard version
Zita rekutengesa
Kumhanya, Gbit/s
USB 3.0
USB 3.1
USB 3.2
USB 3.1 shanduro
USB 3.2 shanduro
USB 3.0
USB 3.1 Gen 1
USB 3.2 Gen 1
super speed
SuperSpeed USB 5Gbps
5
-
USB 3.1 Gen 2
USB 3.2 Gen 2
SuperSpeed +
SuperSpeed USB 10Gbps
10
-
-
USB 3.2 Gen 2 × 2
-
SuperSpeed USB 20Gbps
20
Yakasiyana-siyana ye USB madhiraivha uchishandisa muenzaniso weSanDisk zvigadzirwa
Asi ngatidzokerei zvakananga kunhau yekurukurirano yanhasi. Flash drives yave chikamu chakakosha chehupenyu hwedu, tagamuchira akawanda magadzirirwo, dzimwe nguva anoshamisa kwazvo. Mufananidzo wakazara kwazvo wekugona kweazvino USB madhiraivha anogona kuwanikwa kubva kuSanDisk portfolio.
Ese mamodheru azvino eSanDisk flash madhiraivha anotsigira USB 3.0 data transfer standard (aka USB 3.1 Gen 1, aka USB 3.2 Gen 1, aka SuperSpeed - ingangoita semufirimu "Moscow Haitendi mumisodzi"). Pakati pavo iwe unogona kuwana ese ari maviri echinyakare madhiraivha madhiraivha uye mamwe hunyanzvi zvishandiso. Semuenzaniso, kana iwe uchida kuwana compact universal drive, zvine musoro kuterera kune SanDisk Ultra mutsara.
sandisk Ultra
Kuvapo kwekugadziriswa kutanhatu kwemaitiro akasiyana (kubva pa16 kusvika ku512 GB) kunokubatsira kusarudza yakanakisa sarudzo zvichienderana nezvaunoda uye kwete kubhadhara kune mamwe magigabytes. Yekufambisa data kumhanya inosvika 130 MB/s inobvumidza iwe kukurumidza kudhawunirodha mafaera akakura, uye iri nyore kutsvedza kesi inochengetedza chinongedzo kubva mukukuvadzwa.
Kune vateveri vezvigadziriso zvinoyevedza, isu tinokurudzira iyo SanDisk Ultra Flair uye SanDisk Luxe mutsara we USB madhiraivha.
SanDisk Ultra Flair
Nehunyanzvi, madhiraivha aya akafanana zvachose: ese ari maviri akateedzana anoratidzirwa nekumhanyisa data kunosvika ku150 MB/s, uye imwe neimwe yadzo inosanganisira 6 modhi ine hunyanzvi kubva pa16 kusvika 512 GB. Misiyano inongori mudhizaini: iyo Ultra Flair yakagamuchira chimwe chekuwedzera chimiro chakagadzirwa nepurasitiki yakasimba, nepo muviri weLuxe vhezheni wakagadzirwa zvachose nealuminium alloy.
SanDisk Luxe
Pamusoro peiyo inonakidza dhizaini uye yakakwira data yekumhanyisa kumhanya, madhiraivha akanyorwa ane chimwe chinhu chinonakidza kwazvo: yavo USB yekubatanidza ndeye kuenderera kwakananga kwe monolithic kesi. Iyi nzira inovimbisa iyo yepamusoro nhanho yekuchengetedza kune flash drive: hazvigoneke kutyora netsaona chinongedzo chakadaro.
Pamusoro pemadhiraivha akazara, iyo SanDisk muunganidzwa inosanganisirawo "plug uye kanganwa" mhinduro. Isu tiri, hongu, kutaura nezve Ultra-compact SanDisk Ultra Fit, iyo mipimo inongova 29,8 × 14,3 × 5,0 mm.
SanDisk Ultra Kukodzera
Mucheche uyu haanyatso kukwira pamusoro peiyo USB yekubatanidza, iyo inoita kuti ive mhinduro yakanaka yekuwedzera kuchengetedza kwemutengi mudziyo, ingave Ultrabook, mota odhiyo system, Smart TV, game console kana single-board komputa.
Inonyanya kunakidza muunganidzwa weSanDisk ndeyeDual Drive uye iXpand USB madhiraivha. Mhuri mbiri idzi, zvisinei nekusiyana kwavo kwekugadzira, dzakabatanidzwa nepfungwa imwechete: aya madhiraivha ane maviri machiteshi emhando dzakasiyana, izvo zvinovatendera kuti vashandise kuendesa data pakati pePC kana laptop uye nharembozha pasina mamwe tambo nemaadapter.
Iyo Dual Drive mhuri yemadhiraivha yakagadzirirwa kushandiswa nemafoni uye mahwendefa anomhanyisa Android inoshanda sisitimu uye inotsigira OTG tekinoroji. Izvi zvinosanganisira mitsara mitatu yemadhiraivha.
Iyo miniature SanDisk Dual Drive m3.0, kuwedzera kune USB Type-A, ine microUSB yekubatanidza, iyo inogonesa kuenderana nemidziyo kubva kumakore apfuura, pamwe nekupinda-chikamu mafoni.
SanDisk Dual Drive m3.0
SanDisk Ultra Dual Type-C, sezvaungafungidzira kubva pazita, ine yemazuva ano yakapetwa kaviri-mativi yekubatanidza. Iyo flash drive pachayo yave yakakura uye yakakura, asi iyi dhizaini yeimba inopa dziviriro iri nani, uye zvave zvakanyanya kuoma kurasikirwa nechishandiso.
SanDisk Ultra Dual Type-C
Kana iwe uchitsvaga chimwe chinhu chakanyanya kunaka, isu tinokurudzira kutarisa iyo SanDisk Ultra Dual Drive Go. Aya madhiraivha anoita musimboti mumwechete sewakambotaurwa SanDisk Luxe: yakazara-saizi USB Type-A chikamu cheiyo flash drive body, iyo inoidzivirira kubva pakutyoka kunyangwe nekubata zvisina hanya. Iyo USB Type-C yekubatanidza, zvakare, inochengetedzwa zvakanaka nekavha inotenderera, iyo inewo eyelet yekiyi fob. Urongwa uhwu hwakaita kuti zvikwanise kuita kuti flash drive inyatso shongedzwa, compact uye yakavimbika.
SanDisk Ultra Dual Drive Go
Iyo iXpand yakatevedzana yakafanana zvachose neDual Drive, kunze kwekuti iyo nzvimbo ye USB Type-C inotorwa neinoringana Apple Mheni yekubatanidza. Iyo yakanyanya kujairika mudziyo munhevedzano inogona kunzi SanDisk iXpand: iyi flash drive ine yepakutanga dhizaini muchimiro chechiuno.
SanDisk iXpand
Inotaridzika inokatyamadza, uye iwe unogona zvakare kupinza tambo kuburikidza neinoguma eyelet uye pfeka yekuchengetera mudziyo, semuenzaniso, pamutsipa wako. Uye kushandisa yakadaro flash drive ine iPhone iri nyore kwazvo kupfuura yechinyakare: kana yakabatana, yakawanda yemuviri inoguma kuseri kweiyo smartphone, ichizorora pakatarisana nekavha yayo yekumashure, iyo inobatsira kuderedza mukana wekukuvara kune chinongedzo.
Kana dhizaini iyi isingakuenderane nechikonzero chimwe kana chimwe, zvine musoro kutarisa kuSanDisk iXpand Mini. Nehunyanzvi, iyi ndiyo yakafanana iXpand: mhando yemhando inosanganisirawo madhiraivha mana e32, 64, 128 kana 256 GB, uye iyo yakanyanya kumhanyisa data yekumhanyisa inosvika 90 MB/s, iyo yakakwana kunyange yekuona 4K vhidhiyo zvakananga kubva pamwenje. drive. Musiyano chete uri mukugadzira: loop yanyangarika, asi chivharo chekudzivirira cheMheni chinongedzo chakaonekwa.
SanDisk iXpand Mini
Mumiriri wechitatu wemhuri ine mbiri, SanDisk iXpand Go, ndiye mapatya eDual Drive Go: hukuru hwavo hwakada kufanana, nekuwedzera, madhiraivha ese ari maviri akagamuchira chivharo chinotenderera, kunyangwe chakasiyana zvishoma mukugadzira. Mutsetse uyu unosanganisira 3 modhi: 64, 128 uye 256 GB.
SanDisk iXpand Go
Rondedzero yezvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa pasi peSanDisk brand haina kugumira kune yakanyorwa USB madhiraivha. Iwe unogona kujairana nemimwe michina yeakakurumbira brand pa .
Source: www.habr.com