Iyo nyaya yepurojekiti imwe kana mashandisiro andakaita makore manomwe ndichigadzira PBX yakavakirwa paAsterisk nePhp

Chokwadi vazhinji venyu, seni, maive nepfungwa yekuita chimwe chinhu chakasiyana. Muchikamu chino ini ndichatsanangura matambudziko ehunyanzvi uye mhinduro dzandaifanira kutarisana nadzo pakugadzira iyo PBX. Zvichida izvi zvichabatsira mumwe munhu kusarudza papfungwa yake pachake, uye mumwe munhu kutevera nzira yakanyatsotsikwa, nokuti ndakabatsirwawo neruzivo rwemapiyona.

Idea uye zvakakosha zvinodiwa

Uye zvese zvakangotanga nerudo asiterisiki (hurongwa hwekuvaka mashandisirwo ekutaurirana), otomatiki yerunhare uye kuisa YemaharaPBX (web interface ye asiterisiki) Kana izvo zvinodikanwa zvekambani zvaive zvisina kutsanangurwa uye zvakawira mukati mezvikwanisiro YemaharaPBX - zvose zvakanaka. Kuiswa kwese kwakaitika mukati meawa makumi maviri nemana, kambani yakagamuchira yakagadziridzwa PBX, mushandisi-inoshamwaridzana interface uye pfupi kudzidziswa pamwe nerutsigiro kana ichida.

Asi mabasa ainyanya kunakidza aive asiri emupimo uyezve aive asina kunaka. asiterisiki inogona kuita zvakawanda, asi kuchengetedza iyo webhu interface iri muhurongwa hwekushanda, zvaive zvakafanira kupedza nguva yakawanda yakawanda. Saka diki diki rinogona kutora nguva yakareba kupfuura kuisa yakasara yePBX. Uye poindi haisi yekuti zvinotora nguva yakareba kunyora web interface, asi pfungwa yacho iri mune zvekuvaka. YemaharaPBX. Architecture nzira uye nzira YemaharaPBX yakaiswa panguva ye php4, uye panguva iyoyo pakanga patova ne php5.6 iyo zvinhu zvose zvaigona kuitwa zviri nyore uye zviri nyore.

Huswa hwekupedzisira hwaive graphical dialplans muchimiro chedhiyagiramu. Pandakaedza kugadzira chinhu chakadai YemaharaPBX, ndakaona kuti ndaizofanira kuinyora zvakare uye zvaizova nyore kuvaka chimwe chinhu chitsva.

Zvaidiwa zvikuru zvaiva:

• nyore kuseta, intuitively inowanikwa kunyangwe kune novice maneja. Saka, makambani haadi PBX kugadzirisa kudivi redu,
• kugadziridzwa kuri nyore kuitira kuti mabasa agadziriswe munguva yakakwana,
• nyore kubatanidzwa nePBX. U YemaharaPBX pakanga pasina API yekushandura marongero, i.e. Iwe haugone, semuenzaniso, kugadzira mapoka kana mamenu ezwi kubva kune wechitatu-bato application, chete API pachayo asiterisiki,
• opensource - kune vanogadzira zvirongwa izvi zvakanyanya kukosha pakugadzirisa kune mutengi.

Pfungwa yekukurumidza kusimudzira yaive yekuita kuti mashandiro ese ave nemamodule muchimiro chezvinhu. Zvinhu zvese zvaifanira kuva nekirasi yevabereki vese, zvinoreva kuti mazita eese makuru mabasa anotozivikanwa uye nekudaro kwave kutove nekumisikidzwa. Zvinhu zvinokutendera kuti uderedze zvinoshamisa huwandu hwenharo nenzira yeassociative arrays ane tambo kiyi, iyo iwe yaunogona kuziva mukati. YemaharaPBX Zvaigoneka nekuongorora basa rose uye nested mabasa. Panyaya yezvinhu, banal autocompletion inoratidza zvese zvivakwa, uye kazhinji inorerutsa hupenyu kakawanda. Uyezve, nhaka uye kududzirwazve kunotogadzirisa matambudziko mazhinji nekugadzirisa.

Chinhu chinotevera chakadzora nguva yekudzokorora uye chaive chakakodzera kunzvenga kwaive kudzokorora. Kana paine module ine basa rekufonera mushandi, saka mamwe ese mamodule anoda kutumira runhare kune mushandi anofanira kuishandisa, uye kwete kugadzira makopi avo. Saka, kana iwe uchida kushandura chimwe chinhu, iwe uchafanirwa kuchinja chete munzvimbo imwe chete uye kutsvaga kwe "kuti inoshanda sei" kunofanira kuitwa munzvimbo imwechete, uye kwete kutsvaga mukati meprojekti yose.

Yekutanga vhezheni uye yekutanga zvikanganiso

Yekutanga prototype yakagadzirira mukati megore. Iyo yose PBX, sezvakarongwa, yaive modular, uye ma modules aisagona kungowedzera mashandiro matsva ekugadzirisa mafoni, asi zvakare shandura iyo web interface pachayo.

Hongu, iyo pfungwa yekuvaka dialplan muchimiro chechirongwa chakadaro haisi yangu, asi iri nyore uye ini ndakaitira zvimwe chete. asiterisiki.

Nekunyora module, vagadziri vanogona kuto:

• gadzira yako pachako mashandiro ekufona kugadzirisa, iyo inogona kuiswa padhizaini, pamwe nemenu yezvinhu kuruboshwe,
• gadzira ako ega mapeji ewebhu interface uye wedzera matemplate ako kumapeji aripo (kana mugadziri wepeji akapa izvi),
• wedzera zvigadziriso zvako kune iyo huru yekumisikidza tebhu kana gadzira yako wega marongero tebhu,
• mugadziri anogona kugara nhaka kubva kune iripo module, shandura chikamu chekushanda uye kunyoresa pasi pezita idzva kana kutsiva yekutanga module.

Semuenzaniso, iyi ndiyo nzira yaunokwanisa kugadzira yako yezwi menyu:

......
class CPBX_MYIVR extends CPBX_IVR
{
 function __construct()
 {
 parent::__construct();
 $this->_module = "myivr";
 }
}
.....
$myIvrModule = new CPBX_MYIVR();
CPBXEngine::getInstance()->registerModule($myIvrModule,__DIR__); //Зарегистрировать новый модуль
CPBXEngine::getInstance()->registerModuleExtension($myIvrModule,'ivr',__DIR__); //Подменить существующий модуль

Kuitwa kwekutanga kwakaoma kwakaunza kudada kwekutanga uye kuodzwa mwoyo kwekutanga. Ndakafara kuti yakashanda, kuti ndakanga ndatokwanisa kubereka zvinhu zvikuru YemaharaPBX. Ndakafara kuti vanhu vakafarira zano rechirongwa. Paive pachine sarudzo dzakawanda dzekurerutsa budiriro, asi kunyangwe panguva iyoyo mamwe emabasa akange ave kutoitwa nyore.

Iyo API yekushandura iyo PBX kumisikidzwa kwakaodza moyo - mhedzisiro yanga isiri iyo yataida. Ndakatora musimboti wakafanana nemuna YemaharaPBX, nekudzvanya bhatani reApply, iyo yese gadziriso inogadzirwazve uye ma module anotangwazve.

Zvinoita seizvi:

*Dialplan mutemo (algorithm) iyo iyo kufona kunoitwa.

Asi nesarudzo iyi, hazvigoneke kunyora yakajairwa API yekushandura iyo PBX marongero. Kutanga, kushanda kwekushandisa shanduko ku asiterisiki kureba zvakanyanya uye zvekushandisa zvakanyanya.
Chechipiri, haugone kudaidza mabasa maviri panguva imwe chete, nekuti ese ari maviri achagadzira gadziriso.
Chechitatu, inoshandisa zvese zvigadziriso, kusanganisira izvo zvakagadzirwa nemutungamiriri.

Mune iyi vhezheni, semu Askozia, zvaive zvichikwanisika kugadzira kugadziridzwa kwemamodule chete akachinja uye kutangazve ma module anodiwa chete, asi aya ese hafu nhanho. Zvakanga zvakakodzera kuchinja maitiro.

Second version. Mhino yakavhomora muswe yanamira

Pfungwa yekugadzirisa dambudziko yakanga isiri yekugadzira zvakare gadziriso uye dialplan ye asiterisiki, asi chengetedza ruzivo kune dhatabhesi uye uverenge kubva kudhatabhesi zvakananga paunenge uchigadzirisa kufona. asiterisiki Ndakanga ndatoziva kuverenga zvigadziriso kubva kudhatabhesi, kungochinja kukosha mudura uye kufona kunotevera kuchagadziriswa tichifunga nezve shanduko, uye basa racho raive rakakwana pakuverenga dialplan paramita. REALTIME_HASH.

Pakupedzisira, pakanga pasina chikonzero chekutotangazve asiterisiki pakuchinja zvigadziriso uye zvese zvigadziriso zvakatanga kuiswa ipapo ipapo asiterisiki.

Izvo chete shanduko kune dialplan ndeyekuwedzera kwenhamba dzekuwedzera uye zvahungava hwakaita. Asi idzi dzaive shanduko diki dzenzvimbo

exten=>101,1,GoSub(‘sub-callusers’,s,1(1)); - точечное изменение, добавляется/изменяется через ami

; sub-callusers – универсальная функция генерится при установке модуля.
[sub-callusers]
exten =>s,1,Noop()
exten =>s,n,Set(LOCAL(TOUSERID)=${ARG1})
exten =>s,n,ClearHash(TOUSERPARAM)
exten =>s,n,Set(HASH(TOUSERPARAM)=${REALTIME_HASH(rl_users,id,${LOCAL(TOUSERID)})})
exten =>s,n,GotoIf($["${HASH(TOUSERPARAM,id)}"=""]?return)
...

Iwe unogona nyore kuwedzera kana kushandura mutsara mune dialplan uchishandisa shamwari (control interface asiterisiki) uye hapana kudzoserwa kwese dialplan kunodiwa.

Izvi zvakagadzirisa dambudziko neiyo API yekumisikidza. Iwe unogona kutoenda zvakananga mudhatabhesi uye wowedzera boka idzva kana shanduko, semuenzaniso, iyo yekufona-nguva mundima ye "dialtime" yeboka uye kufona kunotevera kunotopedza nguva yakatarwa (Iyi haisi kurudziro chiito, sezvo mamwe API mashandiro anoda shamwari kufona).

Kuitwa kwakaoma kwekutanga kwakaunza kudada kwekutanga uye kuodzwa mwoyo. Ndakafara kuti zvashanda. Iyo dhatabhesi yakave yakakosha link, kuvimba ne diski kwakawedzera, pakanga paine njodzi dzakawanda, asi zvese zvakashanda zvakatsiga uye pasina matambudziko. Uye zvinonyanya kukosha, iye zvino zvese zvaigona kuitwa kuburikidza newebhu interface zvinogona kuitwa kuburikidza neAPI, uye nzira dzakafanana dzakashandiswa. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo webhu interface yakabvisa bhatani re "shandisa marongero kuPBX", iro vatariri vanowanzokanganwa nezvaro.

Kuodzwa mwoyo kwaiva kuti kukura kwakava kwakaoma. Kubva pashanduro yekutanga, mutauro wePHP wakagadzira dialplan mumutauro asiterisiki uye inoita seisingaverengeki zvachose, pamwe nemutauro wacho pachawo asiterisiki pakunyora dialplan ndeyechinyakare zvakanyanya.

Zvairatidzika sei:

$usersInitSection = $dialplan->createExtSection('usersinit-sub','s');
$usersInitSection
 ->add('',new Dialplanext_gotoif('$["${G_USERINIT}"="1"]','exit'))
 ->add('',new Dialplanext_set('G_USERINIT','1'))
 ->add('',new Dialplanext_gosub('1','s','sub-AddOnAnswerSub','usersconnected-sub'))
 ->add('',new Dialplanext_gosub('1','s','sub-AddOnPredoDialSub','usersinitondial-sub'))
 ->add('',new Dialplanext_set('LOCAL(TECH)','${CUT(CHANNEL(name),/,1)}'))
 ->add('',new Dialplanext_gotoif('$["${LOCAL(TECH)}"="SIP"]','sipdev'))
 ->add('',new Dialplanext_gotoif('$["${LOCAL(TECH)}"="PJSIP"]','pjsipdev'))

Mune yechipiri vhezheni, iyo dialplan yakave yepasirese, yaisanganisira zvese zvinogoneka zvekugadzirisa sarudzo zvichienderana neiyo parameter uye saizi yayo yakawedzera zvakanyanya. Zvese izvi zvakadzora zvakanyanya nguva yekuvandudza, uye iyo pfungwa yekuti zvakare zvaive zvakafanira kupindira nedialplan yakandisuwisa.

Third version

Pfungwa yekugadzirisa dambudziko yakanga isiri yekugadzira asiterisiki dialplan kubva php uye kushandisa FastAGI uye nyora mitemo yese yekugadzirisa muPHP pachayo. FastAGI Kunoitawo asiterisiki, kugadzirisa kufona, batanidza kune socket. Gamuchira mirairo kubva ipapo uye tumira mhinduro. Nokudaro, pfungwa ye dialplan yatova kunze kwemiganhu asiterisiki uye inogona kunyorwa mune chero mutauro, mune yangu muPP.

Paive nekuedza uye kukanganisa kwakawanda. Dambudziko guru nderekuti ndakanga ndatova nemakirasi akawanda / mafaira. Zvakatora anenge 1,5 masekondi kugadzira zvinhu, kutanga ivo, uye kunyoresa mumwe nemumwe, uye kunonoka uku pakufona hachisi chinhu chinogona kufuratirwa.

Kutanga kwaifanira kunge kwakaitika kamwe chete uye saka kutsvaga mhinduro kwakatanga nekunyora sevhisi mu php uchishandisa Pthreads. Mushure mevhiki yekuyedza, iyi sarudzo yakavharirwa nekuda kwekuomesesa kwekuti kuwedzera uku kunoshanda sei. Mushure memwedzi wekuyedzwa, ini zvakare ndaifanira kusiya asynchronous programming muPHP; Ini ndaida chimwe chinhu chiri nyore, chakajairika kune chero PHP anotanga, uye akawanda ekuwedzera ePHP anowirirana.

Mhinduro yaive yedu pachedu-yakawanda-tambo sevhisi muC, iyo yakagadzirwa nayo PHPLIB. Iyo inotakura ese maATS php mafaera, inomirira kuti mamodule ese atange, anowedzera callback kune mumwe nemumwe, uye kana zvese zvagadzirira, chengetedza. Pakubvunza by FastAGI rukova runogadzirwa, kopi kubva kune cache yeese makirasi uye data inoburitswa mairi, uye chikumbiro chinopfuudzwa kune php basa.

Nemhinduro iyi, nguva kubva pakutumira runhare kushumiro yedu kune yekutanga kuraira asiterisiki yakaderera kubva ku1,5s kusvika ku0,05s uye nguva ino inotsamira zvishoma pakukura kweprojekiti.

Nekuda kweizvozvo, nguva yekuvandudza dialplan yakaderedzwa zvakanyanya, uye ndinogona kuonga izvi sezvo ndaifanira kunyorazve dialplan yese yemamodules muPHP. Chekutanga, nzira dzinofanirwa kunge dzatonyorwa mu php kuti uwane chinhu kubva mudhatabhesi; ivo vaidikanwa kuti varatidzirwe muwebhu interface, uye chechipiri, uye ichi ndicho chinhu chikuru, zvinogoneka kushanda zviri nyore netambo dzine nhamba uye arrays. ine database uye akawanda PHP ekuwedzera.

Kugadzirisa dialplan mukirasi yemodule iwe unofanirwa kuita basa racho dialplanDynamicCall uye nharo pbxCallRequest ichange iine chinhu chekudyidzana nacho asiterisiki.

Uye zvakare, zvakave zvichiita kugadzirisa dialplan (php ine xdebug uye inoshanda kune yedu sevhisi), unogona kufamba nhanho nhanho nekuona kukosha kwezvinosiyana.

Call data

Chero analytics uye mishumo inoda data yakaunganidzwa nemazvo, uye iyi PBX block yakapfuura nemuyedzo wakawanda uye kukanganisa kubva kune yekutanga kusvika kune yechitatu vhezheni. Kazhinji, kufona data chiratidzo. Kufona kumwechete = kurekodha imwe: ndiani akafona, ndiani akapindura, vataura kwenguva yakareba sei. Mune zvimwe zvinonakidza sarudzo, pane chimwe chiratidzo chinoratidza kuti ndeupi wevashandi vePBX akadanwa panguva yekufona. Asi zvose izvi zvinongovhara chikamu chezvinodiwa.

Zvaidiwa zvekutanga zvaive:

• chengetedza kwete chete uyo PBX akadana, asiwo ndiani akapindura, nokuti pane kubatwa uye izvi zvinoda kuverengerwa kana uchiongorora mafoni,
• nguva isati yasangana nemushandi. In YemaharaPBX uye mamwe maPBX, kufona kunoonekwa sekupindurwa nekukurumidza apo PBX inotora foni. Asi kune menyu yezwi iwe unotoda kutora foni, saka mafoni ese anopindurwa uye nguva yekumirira mhinduro inova 0-1 sekondi. Nokudaro, zvakasarudzwa kuchengetedza kwete nguva isati yasvika mhinduro, asi nguva isati yasangana nemamodules makuru (module pachayo inogadzirisa iyi mureza. Parizvino "Mushandi", "Mutsetse Wekunze").
• kune yakanyanya kuomarara dialplan, kana kufona kuchifamba pakati pemapoka akasiyana, zvaive zvakakodzera kuti ukwanise kuongorora chimwe nechimwe chinhu zvakasiyana.

Sarudzo yakanakisa yakave apo iyo PBX modules inotumira ruzivo nezvavo panhare uye pakupedzisira chengetedza ruzivo muchimiro chemuti.

Zvinotaridzika seizvi:

Kutanga, ruzivo rwese nezve kufona (sevamwe vese - hapana chakakosha).

1. Yakagamuchira runhare pamutsara wekunze "Kuedza"pa05:55:52 kubva panhamba 89295671458 kusvika panhamba 89999999999, pekupedzisira yakapindurwa nemushandi"Secretary2»nenhamba 104. Mutengi akamirira 60 seconds ndokutaura kwe36 seconds.
2. Mushandi"Secretary2"inofona ku112 uye mushandi anopindura"Mutungamiriri1»mushure memasekondi masere. Vanotaura kwemasekonzi gumi nemana.
3. Mutengi anoendeswa kune Mushandi "maneja 1" kwavanoramba vachitaura kwemamwe masekondi gumi nematatu

Asi iyi ndiyo muromo weiyo iceberg; kune yega yega rekodhi unogona kuwana yakadzama yekufona nhoroondo kuburikidza nePBX.

Ruzivo rwese rwunounzwa sedendere rekufona:

1. Yakagamuchira runhare pamutsara wekunze "Kuedza» pa05:55:52 kubva panhamba 89295671458 kusvika panhamba 89999999999.
2. Na 05:55:53 mutsetse wekunze unotumira runhare kuIncoming circuit "bvunzo»
3. Paunenge uchigadzirisa kufona zvinoenderana nechirongwa, iyo module "manager call", umo kufona kuri 16 seconds. Iyi module yakagadzirirwa mutengi.
4. Module "manager call" inotumira runhare kune mushandi ane mutoro wenhamba (mutengi)"Mutungamiriri1” uye anomirira masekonzi mashanu kuti apindure. Manager haana kupindura.
5. Module "manager call"inotumira runhare kugroup"Vakuru veCORP" Aya ndiwo mamwe mamaneja egwaro rakafanana (akagara mukamuri imwechete) uye akamirira masekonzi gumi nerimwe kuti apindure.
6. Group "Vakuru veCORP"inodaidza vashandi"Mutungamiriri1, Mutungamiriri2, Mutungamiriri3"pamwe chete kwemasekonzi gumi nerimwe. Hapana mhinduro.
7. Kufona kwamaneja kunopera. Uye dunhu rinotumira runhare kune module "Kusarudza nzira kubva ku1c" Zvakare module yakanyorerwa mutengi. Apa runhare rwakaitwa 0 seconds.
8. Dunhu rinotumira runhare kumenyu yezwi "Basic nekuwedzera kufona" Mutengi akamira ipapo kwemasekonzi makumi matatu nerimwe, pakanga pasina kuwedzera kufona.
9. Chirongwa chinotumira runhare kuGroup "Vanyori", uko mutengi akamirira masekonzi gumi nemaviri.
10. Muboka, vashandi 2 vanodanwa panguva imwe chete "Secretary1"Uye"Secretary2"uye mushure memasekondi gumi nemaviri mushandi anopindura"Secretary2" Mhinduro yekufona inodzokororwa kuita mafoni evabereki. Zvakaratidza kuti mugroup akapindura kuti “Secretary2", pakufona sadunhu akadaira"Secretary2"ndokudaira runhare pamutsara wepanze ndokuti"Secretary2".

Iko kuchengetwa kweruzivo nezve kuvhiyiwa kwega kwega uye nekugara kwavo kunozoita kuti zvikwanise kungoita mareport. Chirevo pamusoro pemenu yezwi ichakubatsira iwe kuziva kuti yakawanda sei inobatsira kana inodzivisa. Gadzira mushumo pamusoro pemafoni akapotsa nevashandi, uchifunga kuti runhare rwakabatwa uye saka haruna kunzi rwakapotswa, uye uchifunga kuti raive runhare rweboka, uye mumwe munhu akapindura kare, izvo zvinoreva kuti kufona hakuna kupotsa.

Kuchengetedzwa kweruzivo rwakadaro kuchakubvumidza kuti utore boka rega rega uye uone kuti rinoshanda sei, uye kuvaka girafu reakapindurwa uye akapotsa mapoka neawa. Iwe unogona zvakare kutarisa kuti kwakaringana sei kubatana kune ane mutoro maneja nekuongorora kutamiswa mushure mekubatanidza kune maneja.

Iwe unogona zvakare kuitisa zvidzidzo zveatypical, semuenzaniso, kangani nhamba dzisiri mudhatabhesi dzinofona kuwedzera kwakaringana kana kuti ingani muzana yemafoni anobuda anotumirwa kunharembozha.

Chii mumagumo?

Nyanzvi haifanirwe kuchengetedza iyo PBX; iyo yakajairwa maneja anogona kuzviita - yakaedzwa mukuita.

Kuti zvigadziriswe, nyanzvi dzine hunhu hwakakomba hadzidiwi; ruzivo rwePHP rwakakwana, nekuti Modules dzatove dzakanyorerwa SIP protocol, uye pamutsetse, uye kudana mushandi, nevamwe. Pane wrapper class ye asiterisiki. Kugadzira module, mugadziri anogona (uye nenzira yakanaka anofanira) kufonera akagadzirira-akagadzirwa mamodule. Uye ruzivo asiterisiki hazvina basa zvachose kana mutengi akakumbira kuwedzera peji ine imwe rondedzero nyowani. Asi maitiro anoratidza kuti kunyangwe vechitatu-bato programmers vachigona kurarama, vanonzwa vasina kuchengeteka pasina zvinyorwa uye zvakajairwa kufukidzwa kwezvirevo, saka pachine nzvimbo yekuvandudza.

Ma module anogona:

• gadzira hunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa mafoni,
• wedzera mabhuroko matsva kuwebhu interface,
• nhaka kubva kune chero mamodule aripo, tsanangurazve mabasa uye woatsiva, kana kungova kopi yakagadziridzwa zvishoma,
• wedzera zvigadziriso zvako kune zvigadziriso template yemamwe ma module uye zvimwe zvakawanda.

PBX marongero kuburikidza neAPI. Sezvatsanangurwa pamusoro, zvigadziriso zvese zvakachengetwa mudura uye kuverenga panguva yekufona, saka unogona kushandura ese PBX marongero kuburikidza neAPI. Paunenge uchidaidza iyo API, iyo yekumisikidza haina kudzokororwa uye mamodule haana kutangwazve, saka, hazvina basa kuti vangani marongero uye vashandi vaunavo. API zvikumbiro zvinoitwa nekukurumidza uye usavharisane.

Iyo PBX inochengeta ese makiyi mashandiro ane mafoni ane durations (kumirira / kutaura), nesting uye muPBX mazwi (mushandi, boka, mutsara wekunze, kwete chiteshi, nhamba). Izvi zvinokutendera kuti uvake mishumo yakasiyana yevatengi chaivo uye rakawanda rebasa nderekugadzira mushandisi-ane hushamwari interface.

Nguva ichataura zvichazoitika. Pachine zvakawanda nuances inoda kugadziriswa, kuchine zvirongwa zvakawanda, asi gore rakapfuura kubva pakusikwa kwe3rd version uye isu tinogona kutotaura kuti pfungwa iri kushanda. Iko kusakosha kukuru kwevhezheni 3 ndeye Hardware zviwanikwa, asi izvi kazhinji ndizvo zvaunofanira kubhadhara kuti zvive nyore kusimudzira.

Source: www.habr.com