Nhoroondo yeDomain Name System: Yekutanga DNS Servers

Nguva yekupedzisira isu akatanga kutaura nyaya yeDNS - takarangarira kuti purojekiti yakatanga sei, uye ndeapi matambudziko aiitirwa kugadzirisa pane network yeARPANET. Nhasi tichataura nezve yekutanga BIND DNS server.

--Ото - John Markos O'Neill - CC BY-SA

Yekutanga DNS maseva

Mushure mePaul Mockapetris naJon Postel akaronga pfungwa mazita emazita eiyo ARPANET network, yakakurumidza kuwana mvumo kubva munharaunda yeIT. Mainjiniya kubva kuYunivhesiti yeBerkeley vaive pakati pevekutanga kuishandisa. Muna 1984, vadzidzi vana vakaunza yekutanga DNS server, iyo Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND). Vakashanda pasi perubatsiro kubva kuDefence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA).

Iyo sisitimu, yakagadziridzwa nevadzidzi veyunivhesiti, yakashandura otomatiki zita reDNS kuita IP kero uye zvichipesana. Sezvineiwo, pakaiswa kodhi yake BSD (software yekugovera sisitimu), yekutanga masosi anga atova neshanduro nhamba 4.3. Pakutanga, sevha yeDNS yaishandiswa nevashandi veyunivhesiti yerabhoritari. Kusvika vhezheni 4.8.3, nhengo dzeYunivhesiti yeBerkeley's Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG) dzakaita basa rekusimudzira BIND, asi muhafu yechipiri yema1980, sevha yeDNS yakabuda muyunivhesiti ikaendeswa kune maoko aPaul Vixie kubva kumubatanidzwa DEC. Paul akaburitsa zvigadziriso 4.9 uye 4.9.1, uye akabva atanga iyo Internet Software Consortium (ISC), iyo yave nebasa rekuchengetedza BIND kubva ipapo. Sekureva kwaPaul, mavhezheni ese apfuura aivimba nekodhi kubva kuvadzidzi veBerkeley, uye pamusoro pemakore gumi nemashanu apfuura yakapedza zvachose mikana yayo yekuvandudza. Saka muna 2000, BIND yakanyorwa patsva kubva mukutanga.

Iyo BIND server inosanganisira akati wandei maraibhurari uye zvikamu zvinoshandisa "mutengi-server" DNS architecture uye ane basa rekugadzirisa mabasa eiyo DNS server. BIND inoshandiswa zvakanyanya, kunyanya paLinux, uye inoramba iri yakakurumbira DNS server kuita. Izvi mhinduro yakaiswa pamaseva anopa rutsigiro root zone.

Pane dzimwe nzira dzeBIND. Semuenzaniso, PowerDNS, iyo inouya neLinux kugoverwa. Yakanyorwa naBert Hubert kubva kuDutch kambani PowerDNS.COM uye inochengetwa neyakavhurika sosi nharaunda. Muna 2005, PowerDNS yakaitwa pamaseva eWikimedia Foundation. Mhinduro yacho inoshandiswa zvakare nevakuru vemakore vanopa, makambani eEuropean telecommunications uye Fortune 500 masangano.

BIND uye PowerDNS ndezvimwe zvakajairika, asi kwete ega DNS maseva. Uyewo zvakakosha kucherechedza vasina kusungwa, djbdns и dnsmasq.

Kuvandudzwa kweDomain Name System

Munhoroondo yese yeDNS, shanduko zhinji dzakaitwa kune yakatarwa. Seimwe yekutanga uye huru inogadziridza akawedzera NOTIFY uye IXFR nzira muna 1996. Ivo vakaita kuti zvive nyore kudzokorora Domain Name System dhatabhesi pakati pepuraimari nesekondari maseva. Mhinduro nyowani yakaita kuti zvikwanise kugadzirisa zviziviso nezve shanduko mumarekodhi eDNS. Iyi nzira yakavimbisa kuzivikanwa kweyechipiri uye yekutanga DNS nzvimbo, pamwe nekuchengetedza traffic - kuwiriranisa kwakaitika chete kana zvichidikanwa, uye kwete panguva dzakatarwa.

--Ото - Richard Mason - CC BY-SA

Pakutanga, iyo DNS network yaive isingasvikike kune veruzhinji uye matambudziko angangove nekuchengetedzeka kweruzivo aive asiri ekutanga pakugadzira sisitimu, asi maitiro aya akazoita kuti anzwe gare gare. Nekuvandudzwa kweInternet, kusasimba kwehurongwa kwakatanga kushandiswa - semuenzaniso, kurwiswa kwakadai seDNS spoofing kwakaonekwa. Muchiitiko ichi, cache yeDNS maseva yakazadzwa nedata risina chiremera, uye zvikumbiro zvinodzoserwa kumaseva evanorwisa.

Kugadzirisa dambudziko, muDNS itwa crypto siginecha yeDNS mhinduro (DNSSEC) - chigadziriso chinokutendera iwe kuti uvake cheni yekuvimba yedomasi kubva kunzvimbo yemidzi. Ziva kuti imwe nzira yakafanana yakawedzerwa yekusimbisa yevaenzi pakuendesa DNS zone - yainzi TSIG.


Shanduko dzinorerutsa kudzokororwa kweDNS dhatabhesi uye kugadzirisa matambudziko ekuchengetedza kwakagamuchirwa zvakasimba neiyo IT nharaunda. Asi panewo shanduko dzisina kutorwa nenharaunda. Kunyanya, shanduko kubva kune yemahara kune yakabhadharwa domain mazita. Uye uyu muenzaniso weimwe chete ye "hondo" munhoroondo yeDNS. Tichataura zvakawanda pamusoro peizvi munyaya inotevera.

Isu pa1cloud tinopa sevhisi "Virtual server" Nerubatsiro rwayo, unogona kurenda uye kugadzirisa iri kure VDS/VPS server mumaminitsi mashoma.
Uyezve pane affiliate purogiramu kune vese vashandisi. Isa zvinongedzo zvekutumira kune sevhisi yedu uye ugamuchire mibairo yevanotumirwa vatengi.

Source: www.habr.com