Kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe uye basa rakazotevera riri kure rakamutsa kufarira muInternet nhare, uye mumashoko kana mumameseji ega, vakatanga kundibvunza mibvunzo yakawanda nezve kuronga kuwana kwakajairika kunetiweki kubva kubazi rakazvimirira. Munguva yedenda, ndakaona kuti mutoro uri pamanetiweki wakawedzera kwete nekuwanda, asi zvinoshamisa: iyo yaimbova yemahara Beeline shongwe yakapa inosvika makumi mana Mbps yekurodha, uye pakupera kwaApril kumhanya kwakadzikira kusvika 40 Mbps. Uye kumwe muna Chivabvu, iyo pfungwa yakazvarwa kuti iite yekufananidza bvunzo ye routers emhando dzakasiyana dzinotsigira kubatanidza kuunganidzwa, izvo zvinoreva kuti ivo vachawedzera network kumhanya kunyangwe kana shongwe yakatakurwa. Dzidziso uye miedzo pasi pekucheka.
Chimwe chezvinyorwa
Chii chinotarisa mwero wekufambisa data kubva pachigadziko chiteshi (BS) kune anonyoresa? Kana isu tikabvisa kupindira, chinhambwe pakati pemunyoreri neBS, mutoro uri paBS uye chiteshi chinotakura kubva kuBS pachayo kuenda kunzvimbo yeInternet yekuwana, ipapo chete chiteshi hupamhi, modulation, frequency yekufambisa data uye nhamba yezviteshi izvi. sarai.
Ngatitangei nekuwanda: LTE muRussia inoshanda pamafrequency e450, 800, 900, 1800, 1900, 2100, 2300, 2500 uye 2600 MHz. Kana iwe ukarangarira iyo fizikisi, saka zvakatsanangurwa zvakajeka kuti yakaderera frequency ine simba rekupinda riri nani uye inodzika pamusoro pechinhambwe chikuru. Naizvozvo, muguta, mafambisirwo epamusoro anowanzo shandiswa nenzvimbo yakaoma yeBS, uye kunze kweguta, ma frequency akaderera anowanzoshandiswa, izvo zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kuisa shongwe kazhinji. Izvo zvinoenderanawo neiyo frequency yakagoverwa kune anoshanda munharaunda yazvino.
Kufara kwechiteshi: MuRussia, iyo yakajairika chiteshi hupamhi ndeye 5, 10 uye 20 MHz, kunyangwe hupamhi hunogona kubva pa1.4 kusvika 20 MHz.
Modulation: QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM uye 256QAM. Izvo zvinotoenderana nemutakuri. Ini handisi kuzonyura mune zvehunyanzvi maficha, asi mutemo unoshanda pano: iyo yakakwira modulation mune iyi chinzvimbo, iyo yakakwirira kumhanya.
Nhamba yezviteshi: Redhiyo inogamuchira inogona kushanda mune yekubatanidza aggregation modhi kana ichitsigirwa nemutakuri. Semuenzaniso, iyo shongwe inotumira data pane frequency ye1800 uye 2600 MHz. Nhepfenyuro yeLTE Cat.4 inokwanisa chete kushanda pane imwe yeawa ma frequency. Chikamu 6 module ichakwanisa kushanda neaviri mafrequency kamwechete, kupfupisa kumhanya kubva kumamodule maviri kamwechete. Chigadzirwa chechikamu chegumi nembiri chichashanda nevatakuri vatatu kamwechete: semuenzaniso, maviri pafrequency ye12 MHz (1800 + 1800) uye imwe pafrequency ye1800 MHz. Iyo chaiyo yekumhanyisa haizove x2600, asi inongoenderana chete nebasa reBS uye hupamhi hweInternet chiteshi cheiyo base station pachayo. Ndakaona zviitiko kana ndichishanda neCat.3, pakushanda neimwe nzira yakapa kukurumidza kwe6 Mbps, uye nematanho maviri 40-65 Mbps. Bvumiranai, kuwedzera kwakanaka!
Test idea
Aya ndiwo maitiro andakawana pfungwa yekuyedza ma routers emhando dzakasiyana kuti ndiwane iyo chaiyo pikicha iyo inovhura kune avhareji mushandisi. Dambudziko nderekutora marouters emhando imwechete kana chete nemamodule eredhiyo akasiyana, sezvo ma routers kubva kune vakasiyana vanogadzira vangango shandisa zvakasiyana stuffing, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kuyerwa kwemhedzisiro. Naizvozvo, ndauya nepfungwa yekuyedza mugadziri mumwe chete, asi ma routers akasiyana.
Yechipiri nhanho yaive yekusarudza mhando yemidziyo yekuyedza: unogona kungotora router wobatanidza antenna kwairi kuburikidza netambo yekubatanidza, asi tsika yakaratidza kuti mushandisi anoda kuwana musanganiswa umo inokwana kuisa SIM. kadhi uye vhura chishandiso kune network. Saka ndakauya nepfungwa yekuyedza monoblocks, kureva, router uye antenna mune imwe nyaya.
Nhanho yechitatu yandakasarudza pamusoro pemugadziri: Zyxel ine mutsara wakakura wemonoblocks nemhando dzakasiyana dzeLTE, saka sarudzo yaingova pachena.
Pakuedza, ndakatora ma routers anotevera: LTE 7240, LTE 7460 uye LTE 7480.
Test Methodology
Kuti uongorore kugona kwemarouter, zvakasarudzwa kuita zvishoma "synthetic" bvunzo uye bvunzo chaiyo. Muedzo wekugadzira waive mukuti kuyerwa kwekumhanya kwakaitwa pachinhambwe chingangoita 200 metres kubva pachigadziko chechiteshi muchikamu cheiyo antenna inopenya, izvo zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kuwana yakanakisa chiratidzo nhanho. Kubatana kwakaitwa kune shongwe dzeMegafon, sezvo vaipa iyo yakakura chiteshi hupamhi hwenzvimbo ino ye20 MHz. Zvakanaka, ndakaedza ma routers munzvimbo mbiri, uko, maererano nemepu yekuvhara, mushandisi anovimbisa kumhanya kusvika ku150 uye kusvika ku300 Mbps, zvichiteerana. Muedzo chaiwo waiva wekuisa router mumba mangu, kwandakaedza ma routers ekare. Mamiriro ekukurukurirana mune iyi modhi yakanyanya kuoma, sezvo kureba kuenda kushongwe iri 8 km uye hapana mutsara wekuona, uye kune miti munzira yechiratidzo. Saka, pakanga paine bvunzo nhatu dzakazara:
- Nhambwe kuenda kushongwe ndeye ~ 200 m. Iyo zone ine yakanyanya kuziviswa kumhanya ndeye 150 Mbps. Nguva yekuedza 12-13 maawa.
- Nhambwe kuenda kushongwe ndeye ~ 200 m. Iyo zone ine yakanyanya kuziviswa kumhanya ndeye 300 Mbps. Nguva yekuedza 12-13 maawa.
- Distance to tower ~ 8000 m. Hapana mutsara wekuona. Zone ine yakanyanya kuziviswa kumhanya kwe150 Mbps. Nguva yekuedza 12-13 maawa.
Yese bvunzo dzakaitwa neSIM kadhi rimwe chete mukati mevhiki. Iyo nguva yakasarudzwa kutenderera 12-13 maawa kudzivirira mangwanani nemanheru mitoro yepamusoro paBS. Iwo maedzo akaitwa kakawanda pamaseva maviri akasiyana achishandisa Speedtest sevhisi: Moscow Megafon neMoscow RETN. Iyo yekumhanyisa yaive yakati siyanei, sezvo maseva ane mutoro wakasiyana. Inguva yekutanga kuyedza, asi kutanga, tsananguro yekunze uye tekinoroji yakatarwa kune yega yega router.
Zyxel LTE 7240-M403
Starter router kubva mutsetse weZyxel wezvese-mamiriro ekunze LTE zvishandiso. Inogona kuiswa pamadziro eimba uchishandisa ndiro yakakosha, kana kuti inogona kugadziriswa kune pombi uchishandisa mabhanhire. Iyo haina gomo rine madhigirii akati wandei erusununguko, saka zvakakodzera kugadzirira tsvimbo yekumisikidza kunze uye kutungamira kwakaringana kuBS. Pasinei nekukura kwayo kuduku, ine antenna yakanaka uye nyore kuisa: SIM card uye Ethernet waya inoiswa mukesi, uye chivharo chakakosha chinovhara zvose. Iyo router inopihwa neWi-Fi module, iyo inoita kuti zvibvire kwete chete kushandisa waya waya yeInternet, asiwo kuvhara zvakanaka nzvimbo yakatenderedza nechiratidzo chisina waya. Iyo router ine yakavakirwa-mukati module ine tsigiro yeKat.4 uye yakanyanya kurodha yekumhanyisa yakawanikwa panguva yekuedzwa yaive 105 Mbps - mhedzisiro yakanaka yechigadzirwa chakadaro. Asi pakuedza mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo, payaive inopfuura 8 km kusvika kuchiteshi chepasi, zvaive zvichikwanisika kuwana kukurumidza kukuru kwe23,5 Mbps. Mumwe munhu achataura kuti izvi hazvisi zvakawanda, asi kazhinji kune fiber optic line operators vanoda kubva ku10 kusvika ku500 rubles pamwedzi mubhadharo we 1200 Mbps, uye kubatanidza kunodhurawo 10-40 zviuru rubles. Saka, iyo nhare yeInternet yakachipa uye iri nyore kuisa nekubatanidza chero nguva. Kazhinji, router iyi inokutendera kuti ushande zvakanaka uri kure, pamwe nekunakidzwa nekuona mavhidhiyo uye nekukasira kusefa mambure. Kana iwe uchitova neyakagadzirirwa-yakagadzirwa masisitimu ane IP kamera kana vhidhiyo yekutarisa system, saka zvakakwana kuti uwedzere yakadaro router kuti utarise kure kure chengetedzo yako system.
Zyxel LTE7460-M608
Ichi chishandiso kusimudzira zvine musoro kweiyo inozivikanwa Zyxel LTE 6100 mudziyo, iyo yakavhura nguva yeLTE monoblock routers. Ichokwadi, muenzaniso wekare waiva nekamuri yemukati, yakanga iri mukati, uye antenna ine modem yaiva kunze. Chigadzirwa chacho chinoenderana neLTE Cat.6 teknolojia, iyo inoreva kuunganidza kwevatakuri vaviri uye kuwedzera kwekukurumidza kunouya, kana yakatsigirwa nechiteshi chepasi. Kuisa SIM kadhi mu router ibasa risiri risingaite, nekuti bhodhi rine jekiseni rinowanikwa mukati mukati meantenna, uye kana rakaiswa pakakwirira, pane mukana wese wekudonhedza SIM kadhi. Nokudaro, ndinokurudzira zvikuru kuisa kadhi pazasi, uye wozoisa router pakakwirira. Sezvo iyi ndiyo yekutanga-in-one mudziyo wakaonekwa mumutsara weZyxel, haina kurongedzerwa neWi-Fi module, saka kuwanika kweInternet kunogona kuwanikwa chete netambo. Muchiitiko ichi, pane rusununguko rwekusarudza nzvimbo yeWi-Fi iyo ichaiswa mumba. Zvakare Zyxel LTE7460 inosanganiswa nyore nyore mune iripo zvivakwa uye inogona kushanda mubhiriji modhi. Kana ari emhando yekumhanyisa, iyo router muyedzo yakakwanisa kuratidza yakasimba 137 Mbps yekurodha - kwete wese mupi wewaya anopa kumhanya kwakadaro pamusoro petambo. Iyo yakanyanya kumhanyisa yekumhanyisa muyedzo imwechete yaipfuura 39 Mbps, iri padyo neiyo theoretical chikumbaridzo chekuisa kubva kumutengi kuenda kunetiweki. Kana iri bvunzo chaiyo pamusoro pechinhambwe chakareba, router yakanzwawo ine chivimbo uye yakabvumirwa kurodha nekumhanya kusvika ku31 Mbps, uye kupa data nekumhanya kweanopfuura 7 Mbps. Panyaya yekugara kunze kweguta uye kushomeka kwekugona kubatanidza kune wired network, kumhanya uku kwakaringana kune zvinodiwa nemhuri yese - dzidzo, varaidzo uye basa.
Zyxel LTE7480-M804
Pakupedzisira, kutendeuka kwakasvika kune yepamusoro modhi mumutsara wemonoblock routers mune iyi bvunzo. Zyxel LTE7480 inotsigira LTE Cat.12 teknolojia uye inokwanisa kushanda nevatakuri vatatu panguva imwe chete. Zvinogoneka musanganiswa weaggregation modes zvinounzwa mutafura neTTX, uye ini ndichangoti - inoshanda chaizvo! Iyo yakanyanya kumhanya yakawanikwa panguva yekuyedzwa yaive pamusoro pe172 Mbps! Kuti unzwisise kurongeka kwenhamba, iyi inenge 21 MB / s. Kureva kuti, bhaisikopo re3 GB riri kumhanya uku richatorwa mumasekondi 142! Munguva iyi, kunyange kettle haizoviri, uye firimu iri muhutano hwakanaka inenge yatova pakombiyuta disk. Pano iwe unofanirwa kunzwisisa kuti kumhanya kunoenderana nebasa reiyo base chiteshi uye chiteshi bandwidth yakabatana neBS iyi. Ini ndinofunga kuti husiku, kana vanyoreri vakaremedza network zvishoma, ini ndaigona kuwana yakawedzera kukurumidza pane test tower. Iye zvino ndichabva pakuyemura kuenda kune tsananguro nekuipa. Mugadziri akateerera vashandisi uye akaita kuti kuiswa kuwedzere kugadzikana, pamwe nekubatanidzwa kweSIM card: ikozvino haisi muhupamhi hwemhosva, asi pamagumo - pasi pechifukidziro chekudzivirira. Iyo inokwirisa bracket inokutendera iwe kuti uise iyo router zvese pamadziro emba uye pane yekuwedzera tsvimbo uye kunyatso gadzirisa antenna kuBS - kona yekutenderera yakatwasuka uye yakatwasuka ndeye 180 madhigirii. Chishandiso ichi chakashongedzerwa neWi-Fi module uye, kunze kwekutumira data kuburikidza newaya, inogona kupa nharembozha neInternet kuburikidza netambo isina waya. Munguva yekuedzwa, zvakaonekwa kuti kumhanya kwaibuda kwakaderera pane kwemamwe mamodheru, uye ndinofungidzira kuti izvi zvakakonzerwa nemapoinzi maviri: raw firmware kana dense kurongeka kwema 4 antenna mune compact kesi: zviyero zveZyxel LTE7480. akafanana neaya eZyxel LTE7460, uye akapetwa kaviri antennas. Ndakabata mugadziri, uye vakasimbisa fungidziro dzangu - zvisinei, hazvisi nyore kuwana mamiriro ekutaurirana akadai sezvandaive nawo, nechinhambwe chemakiromita masere kubva kuBS.
Migumisiro
Kupfupikisa, zvinodikanwa kureva tafura yekuyeresa yekumhanya. Izvi zvinotevera kubva pane izvi kuti kunyangwe uri panzvimbo imwe chete, unogona kuwana kumhanya kwakasiyana, sezvo maseva anogona kutakurwa kusvika pakukura kana kudiki. Mukuwedzera, mutoro uri pachiteshi chepasi unobatawo. Yekumhanyisa kuyerwa kunoratidza zvakare kuti pamusoro pechinhambwe chakareba, chinenge 8.5 km, kuunganidzwa kwechiteshi hakugone kushanda (kana kuti yangu BS haingotsigire kuunganidza) uye kuwana kwema antennas akavakirwa-mukati kunouya pamberi. Kana iwe uchibva kubhesi chiteshi pedyo nepedyo kana mukati memutsara wekuona, zvino zvine musoro kutenga michina inotsigira Cat.6 kana Cat.12 tekinoroji. Kana iwe uine mari yekutenga Zyxel LTE7460 router, zvino zvine musoro kuwedzera zvishoma bhajeti kutora Zyxel LTE7480 router neCat.12 tsigiro uye yakavakirwa-mukati Wi-Fi module. Kana iyo BS iri kure, asi iwe une zvese zvivakwa mumba uye chete Internet yekuwana nzvimbo inoshaikwa, saka unogona kutora avhareji mudziyo kubva mutsetse. Avo vasina kusimba nezve kumhanya kwekuwana network uye vanoda kuchengetedza mari vanofanirwa kutarisa kuZyxel LTE 7240 - iyi yekutanga modhi ine compact, iri nyore kuisa uye inokwanisa kupa yakagadzika nhanho yekusevha mambure.
Source: www.habr.com