Zebra WT-40 yekuunganidza data terminal ine mhete scanner. Inodiwa kuti ukwanise kukurumidza kuongorora chigadzirwa uchiisa muviri mabhokisi panhovo (maoko emahara).
Mukati memakore anoverengeka, takavhura zvitoro ndokukura nokukurumidza zvikuru. Yakapera nenyaya yekuti zvino matura edu anogashira uye anotumira anenge zviuru makumi maviri pallets pazuva. Sezvingatarisirwa, nhasi tatova nemamwe matura: maviri makuru muMoscow - 20 uye 100 zviuru mativi emamita, asi kunewo madiki mune mamwe maguta.
Sekondi yega yega yakachengetwa mumaitiro ekugamuchira, kuunganidza kana kutumira zvinhu pachiyero chakadaro mukana wekuchengetedza nguva pakushanda. Uye iyi zvakare yakakura mari yekuchengetedza.
Ndokusaka iwo maviri makuru ekubudirira kuwanda ari akanyatso fungwa-algorithm yezviito (maitiro) uye akagadziridzwa IT masisitimu. Zviri nani "sewachi," asi "kushanda zvishoma pane zvakakwana" zvakare kwakakodzera. Pashure pezvose, tiri munyika chaiyo.
Nyaya yacho yakatanga makore matanhatu apfuura, patakanyatso tarisisa kuti vatengesi vanoburutsa sei marori mudura redu. Zvakanga zvisina musoro, asi tsika, zvekuti vashandi havana kana kumboona kuti maitiro acho akange asina kunaka. Uyezve, panguva iyoyo takanga tisina maindasitiri ekuchengetedza hurongwa hwekuchengetedza, uye isu tainyanya kuvimba nemabasa ekugadzirisa zvinhu kune vashandi ve3PL vakashandisa software yavo uye ruzivo mukuvaka maitiro.
Kugamuchirwa kwezvinhu
Sezvatakambotaura, kambani yedu panguva iyoyo (sezvo, musimboti, ikozvino) yakatsvaga kuvhura zvitoro zvakawanda, saka taifanira kukwenenzvera nzira dzekuchengetera zvinhu kuti tiwedzere kubuda (zvimwe zvinhu munguva shoma). Iri harisi basa riri nyore, uye rakanga risingabviri kurigadzirisa nekungowedzera vashandi, kana chete nekuti vanhu vese ava vaizopindirana. Saka, takatanga kufunga nezvekushandisa WMS (warehouse management system) information system. Sezvaitarisirwa, takatanga netsananguro yemaitiro ekuchengetera zvinhu uye kare pakutanga takawana munda usina kurimwa wekuvandudza mukuita kwekugamuchira zvinhu. Zvaive zvakafanira kugadzirisa maitiro mune imwe yematura kuitira kuti igozoaendesa kune mamwe.
Kugamuchira ndeimwe yemabasa makuru ekutanga mudura. Inouya mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana: patinongoverenga nhamba yezvimedu zvekutakura uye patinenge tichida, kuwedzera kune izvi, kuverenga kuti vangani uye rudzi rwezvinyorwa zviri pane imwe neimwe pallet. Zvizhinji zvezvinhu zvedu zvinopfuura nemuchinjika-docking kuyerera. Iyi ndiyo apo zvinhu zvinosvika paimba yekuchengetera zvinhu kubva kumutengesi, uye imba yekuchengetera inoita se router uye inoedza kukurumidza kuitumira zvakare kune yekupedzisira mugamuchiri (chitoro). Kune kumwe kuyerera, semuenzaniso, kana imba yekuchengetera ichiita senge cache kana sechikamu chekuchengetedza (iwe unofanirwa kuisa iyo yekugovera muzvitoro, igovane muzvikamu uye zvishoma nezvishoma ichiendesa kuzvitoro). Pamwe, vandinoshanda navo vanoshanda pamasvomhu ekugadzirisa masara vanokuudza zvirinani nezvekushanda nestock. Asi hechino chinoshamisa! Matambudziko akatanga kumuka mumabasa emawoko chete.
Maitiro akaita seizvi: rori yakasvika, mutyairi akachinjana magwaro nemukuru wewarehouse, maneja akanzwisisa zvakanga zvasvika ikoko uye kuti aizozvitumira kupi, akabva arayira mutakuri kuti atore zvinhu. Zvose izvi zvakatora anenge maawa matatu (zvechokwadi, nguva yekugamuchirwa inonyanya kuenderana nemhando ipi yekuyerera kwekutakura kwatinogamuchira: mune dzimwe nzvimbo zvakakosha kuita zvinyorwa zvemukati, uye mune dzimwe kwete). Hazvibviri kutumira vanhu vazhinji kune imwe rori: ivo vanozokanganisa mumwe nemumwe.
Zvii zvakarasikirwa nazvo? Paiva negungwa ravo. Kutanga, vashandi vepadura vakagamuchira mapepa emapepa. Vaifamba voita sarudzo pamusoro pezvekuita nekupa kwakavakirwa pavari. Kechipiri, ivo vakaverenga mapallets nemaoko uye vakacherekedza huwandu pamamwe manotsi ekutumira. Ipapo mafomu ekugamuchirwa akazadzikiswa akatumirwa kune komputa, uko data rakapinzwa mufaira reXLS. Iyo data kubva mufaira iyi yakabva yapinzwa muERP, uye ipapo chete iyo yedu IT core yakanyatsoona chigadzirwa. Isu takanga tisina metadata shoma nezve kurongeka, senge nguva yekufambisa yekusvika, kana iyi data yanga isiriyo.
Chinhu chekutanga chatakaita ndechekutanga kugadzira matura ega kuti vagove nerutsigiro rwemaitiro (taifanira kuisa boka resoftware, hardware senge mobile barcode scanners, uye kuendesa zvivakwa zveizvi zvese). Takabva tabatanidza masisitimu aya neERP kuburikidza nebhazi. Pakupedzisira, ruzivo rwekuwanikwa kwezvinhu runovandudzwa muhurongwa apo mutakuri anomhanyisa barcode scanner pamusoro pepallet parori inosvika.
Zvakava seizvi:
- Mutengesi pachake anozadza data pamusoro pezvaanotumira kwatiri uye rinhi. Kune izvi kune musanganiswa weSWP uye EDI portals. Ndiko kuti, chitoro chinoburitsa odha, uye vatengesi vanozvipira kuzadzisa kurongeka uye kupa zvinhu muhuwandu hunodiwa. Pakutumira zvinhu, vanoratidza kuumbwa kwepallets murori uye ruzivo rwese rwunodiwa rwezvinhu.
- Apo motokari inosiya mutengesi kwatiri, isu tatoziva kuti chii chiri kuuya kwatiri; Zvakare, manejimendi egwaro remagetsi akamiswa nevatengesi, saka tinoziva kuti UPD yakatosaina. Chirongwa chekufamba kwakaringana kwechigadzirwa ichi chiri kugadzirirwa: kana ichi chiri kuyambuka-docking, saka isu takatoraira kutakurwa kubva kuimba yekuchengetera zvinhu, tichiverenga zvinhu, uye kune ese mafambisirwo anoyerera isu takatoona kuti ingani zviwanikwa zvekuchengetedza zvinhu. zvinoda kugadzirisa zvinotumirwa. Muchinjika-docking data, yekutanga kuronga kwekutakura kubva kuimba yekuchengetera kunoitwa panguva yekutanga, apo mutengesi achangochengeta slot yekuendesa mune warehouse gedhi manejimendi system (YMS - yadhi manejimendi system), iyo yakabatanidzwa neyevatengesi portal. . Ruzivo rwunouya kuYMS nekukasira.
- YMS inogamuchira nhamba yerori (kuti inyatsojeka, nhamba yekutumira kubva kuSWP) uye inonyoresa mutyairi kuti agamuchirwe, ndiko kuti, inogovera nguva inodiwa kwaari. Ndiko kuti, iye zvino mutyairi akasvika nenguva haafaniri kumirira mumutsara, uye nguva yake yepamutemo uye doko rekudzikisa zvakagoverwa kwaari. Izvi zvakatibvumira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kugovera marori munzvimbo yese uye kushandisa nzvimbo dzekudzikisa zvinhu zvakanyanya. Uyewo, sezvo tichifanoronga purogiramu yokuti ndiani achasvika kupi uye rini, tinoziva kuti vanhu vangani vanodiwa uye kupi. Ndiko kuti, izvi zvakare zvine chekuita nehurongwa hwebasa revashandi vekuchengetera zvinhu.
- Nekuda kwemashiripiti aya, vatakuri havachadi imwe nzira, asi vanongomirira kuti mota dziburitse. Muchokwadi, chishandiso chavo - iyo terminal - inovaudza zvekuita uye riini. Payero yekubvisa, yakafanana neyekurodha API, asi mune yemunhu-kombuta yekudyidzana modhi. Iyo nguva iyo yekutanga pallet inoongororwa kubva murori zvakare rekodhi rekutumira metadata.
- Kuburutsa kuchiri kuitwa nemaoko, asi mutakuri anomhanyisa barcode scanner pane imwe neimwe pallet uye anosimbisa kuti iyo label data iri kurongeka. Iyo sisitimu inoita shuwa kuti ndiyo pallet chaiyo yatinotarisira. Pakupera kwekuburutsa, sisitimu ichange iine kuverenga kwakaringana kwezvinhu zvese zvinotakura zvinhu. Panguva ino, kukanganisa kuchiri kubviswa: kana paine kukuvadzwa kuri pachena kumudziyo wekutakura, saka zvakakwana kungoona izvi panguva yekuburitsa kana kusagamuchira chigadzirwa ichi zvachose kana chisisashandiswe zvachose.
- Kare, mapallet aiverengerwa munzvimbo yekuburutsa mushure mekunge ese aburutswa kubva murori. Iye zvino maitiro ekuburusa muviri ndeyekuverengazve. Tinodzorera chikanganiso chacho pakarepo kana chiri pachena. Kana zvisiri pachena uye zvikazoonekwa gare gare, isu tinozviunganidzira mune yakakosha buffer mudura. Inokurumidza kukanda pallet mberi mukuita, kuunganidza gumi nemaviri uye kupa mupi mukana wekutora zvese kamwechete mukushanya kumwe kwakasiyana. Dzimwe mhando dzehurema dzinoendeswa kunzvimbo yekudzokorodza (izvi zvinowanzoshanda kune vatengesi vekune dzimwe nyika, vanowana zviri nyore kugamuchira mifananidzo uye kutumira chigadzirwa chitsva pane kuchigamuchira zvakare kuyambuka muganhu).
- Panopedza kuburutsa, magwaro anosainwa, uye mutyairi anobuda kuti aenderere mberi nebasa rake.
Muchiitiko chekare, mapallets aiwanzotamirwa kunzvimbo yakakosha yebuffer, kwaakange atoshanda nawo: akaverengerwa, kuroora kwakanyoreswa, zvichingodaro. Izvi zvaidiwa kuitira kusunungura chiteshi chemotokari yaitevera. Iye zvino maitiro ese akagadziriswa nenzira yekuti iyi buffer zone haingodiwe. Pane dzimwe rondedzero dzakasarudzwa (mumwe muenzaniso inzira yekusarudza intra-package recounting yekuyambuka-docking mudura, inoshandiswa muchirongwa che "Traffic Light"), asi zvinhu zvizhinji zvinogadziriswa pakarepo kana zvatambirwa uye zvinobva pachiteshi. kuti vanofamba kuenda kunzvimbo yakanaka kwazvo mudura kana kuti pakarepo kuenda kune imwe doko kuti vatakure kana zvifambiso zvekutakura kubva mudura zvatosvika. Ndinoziva kuti izvi zvinonzwika sechinhu chidiki kwauri, asi makore mashanu apfuura, mune hombe yekuchengetera zvinhu, kukwanisa kutakurisa zvinhu zvakananga kunzvimbo dzekupedzisira sechiteshi chekurodha cherimwe rori kwaiita sechimwe chinhu kunze kwechirongwa chemuchadenga kwatiri.
Chii chinoitika pedyo nechigadzirwa?
Tevere, kana izvi zvisiri zvekuyambuka-docking (uye zvinhu hazvisati zvatopinda mubuffer zvisati zvatumirwa kana zvakananga kuchiteshi), zvino zvinoda kuiswa mudura kuti zvichengetedzwe.
Izvo zvinodiwa kuti uone kuti chigadzirwa ichi chichaenda kupi, mune iyo yekuchengetedza sero. Muchiitiko chekare, zvaive zvakafanira kuona kuti ndeipi nzvimbo yatinochengeta zvinhu zverudzi urwu, uye tosarudza nzvimbo ipapo uye kuitora, kuiisa, kunyora pasi zvatinoisa. Iye zvino takagadzira nzira dzekuisa kune chimwe nechimwe chigadzirwa zvinoenderana netopology. Isu tinoziva kuti ndechipi chigadzirwa chinofanira kupinda munzvimbo ipi uye muchitokisi ripi, tinoziva kuti mangani ekuwedzera maseru ekugara pedyo kana akawandisa. Munhu anosvika panhovo oiongorora neSSCC achishandisa TSD. Iyo scanner inoratidza: "Enda nayo kuA101-0001-002." Anobva aitora onyora zvaakaisa ipapo, achibaya scanner pacode ipapo. Iyo sisitimu inotarisa kuti zvese zvakanaka uye inozvinyora. Hapana chikonzero chekunyora chero chinhu.
Izvi zvinopedzisa chikamu chekutanga chekushanda nechigadzirwa. Ipapo chitoro chagadzirira kutora kubva mudura. Uye izvi zvinopa danho rinotevera, iro vaunoshanda navo kubva kubazi rekutenga vanozokuudza zvirinani.
Saka, muhurongwa, iyo stock inovandudzwa panguva iyo kurongeka kwagamuchirwa. Uye chitokisi chesero chiri panguva iyo pallet yakaiswa mairi. Ndokunge, isu tinogara tichiziva kuti zvingani zvinhu zvakazara mudura uye kupi chaizvo chigadzirwa chimwe nechimwe chiri.
Kuyerera kwakawanda kunoshanda zvakananga kune hubs (regional transshipment warehouses) nekuti isu tine vazhinji vatengesi vemunharaunda mudunhu rega rega. Zviri nyore kuisa ma air conditioners akafanana kubva kuVoronezh kwete pa federal warehouse, asi zvakananga kune hubs dzemunharaunda, kana izvi zvichikurumidza.
Reverse tsvina inoyerera zvakare yakagadziridzwa zvishoma: kana zvinhu zviri kuyambuka-docking, mutengesi anogona kuzvitora kubva mudura muMoscow. Kana kukanganisa kwakaratidzwa mushure mokuzarura purogiramu yekutakura (uye yakanga isina kujeka kubva kunze, kureva kuti, yakanga isiri mhosva yevashandi vekutakura), saka kune nzvimbo dzekudzoka muchitoro chimwe nechimwe. Iyo yakashata inogona kutumirwa kune federal warehouse, kana inogona kupihwa kune mutengesi zvakananga kubva kuchitoro. Chechipiri chinoitika kakawanda.
Imwe nzira yave kuda kuvandudzwa ndeyekugadzirisa kwezvinhu zvisina kutengeswa zvemwaka. Ichokwadi ndechekuti tine mwaka miviri yakakosha: Gore Idzva uye nguva yekurima. Ndiko kuti, muna Ndira tinogashira miti yekugadzira isina kutengwa uye maruva kunzvimbo yekugovera, uye panguva yechando tinogamuchira kucheka uswa uye zvimwe zvinhu zvemwaka zvinoda kuchengetedzwa kana zvikararama rimwe gore. Muchiono, isu tinofanirwa kuzvitengesa zvachose pakupera kwemwaka kana kuzvipa kune mumwe munhu, uye kwete kuvakwevera kudzokera kuimba yekuchengetera - ichi ndicho chikamu chatisati tasvika kwachiri.
Mukati memakore mashanu, takaderedza nguva yekugamuchira zvinhu (kuburitsa muchina) kakapetwa kana uye nekukasira akati wandei mamwe maitirwo, ayo akazara akavandudza kuchinjika-docking turnover zvishoma kudarika hafu. Basa redu ndere optimization kuitira kudzikisa hesita uye kwete "kuomesa" mari mudura. Uye vakaita kuti zvitoro zvikwanise kuwana zvinhu zvavaida zvishoma nenguva.
Nezvemagadzirirwo ekuchengetera zvinhu, kuvandudzwa kukuru kwaive kuita otomatiki izvo zvaimbova mapepa, kubvisa nhanho dzisina kufanira mukuita kuburikidza nemidziyo uye nemagadzirirwo akarongedzerwa, uye kubatanidza ese maIT ekambani masisitimu kuita imwechete kuitira kuti odha kubva kuERP ( semuenzaniso chitoro chiri kushaikwa chimwe chinhu pasherufu yechitatu kuruboshwe) yakazoshandurwa kuita chaiyo zviito muwarehousing system, kuodha chekufambisa, zvichingodaro. Ikozvino optimization iri pamusoro peaya maitiro atisati tasvika, uye masvomhu ekufanotaura. Ndiko kuti, nguva yekukurumidza kushandiswa yapera, takaita iyo 30% yebasa iro rakapa 60% yemugumisiro, uye zvino tinoda kuvhara zvishoma nezvishoma zvakasara. Kana kutamira kune dzimwe nzvimbo kana zvakawanda zvichigona kuitwa ikoko.
Zvakanaka, kana iwe ukaverenga mumiti yakachengetwa, saka shanduko yevatengesi kuenda kuEDI portals yakapawo zvakawanda. Iye zvino vanenge vese vatengesi havafonere kana kutaurirana nemaneja, asi tarisa maodha muakaundi yavo yega, vasimbise uye vaunze zvinhu. Pese pazvinogoneka, tinoramba bepa; kubvira 2014, 98% yevatengesi vakatoshandisa emagetsi gwaro manejimendi. Pakazara, iyi miti ye3 yakachengetwa mugore nekusafanira kudhinda mapepa ese anodiwa. Asi izvi hazvifungi nezvekupisa kubva kune processors, asiwo pasina kutora nguva yakachengetwa yekushanda yevanhu vakaita sevatungamiri vakafanana pafoni.
Mumakore mashanu, takanga tine zvitoro zvakawanda zvakapetwa kana, magwaro akasiyana zvakapetwa katatu, uye dai pasina EDI, tingadai takava nemaakaunzi akawanda zvakapetwa katatu.
Isu hatigumiri ipapo uye tinoenderera mberi nekubatanidza mameseji matsva kuEDI, vatengesi vatsva kune emagetsi gwaro manejimendi.
Gore rakapera takazarura nzvimbo huru yekuparadzira muEurope - 140 zviuru sq. m - uye otanga kuigadzira. Ndichataura pamusoro peizvi mune imwe nyaya.
Source: www.habr.com