Kwete, kuvhura a decentralized application (dapp) pane blockchain hakuzotungamira kune bhizinesi rakabudirira. Muchokwadi, vashandisi vazhinji havatombofungi nezve kana application yacho ichimhanya pa blockchain - vanongosarudza chigadzirwa chakachipa, nekukurumidza uye nyore.

Nehurombo, kunyangwe blockchain iine yayo yakasarudzika maficha uye mabhenefiti, akawanda maapplication anomhanya pairi anodhura zvakanyanya, anononoka, uye akadzikama pane avo epakati vanokwikwidza.

Kazhinji mumapepa machena ezvikumbiro zvakavakwa pa blockchain, unogona kuwana ndima inoti: "blockchain inodhura uye haigone kutsigira nhamba inodiwa yekutengeserana pasekondi." Neraki, vanhu vazhinji vakangwara vari kushanda pakuyera blockchain uye panozotanga application yedu inenge yatowedzera. "

Mundima imwe yakapfava, mugadziri we dapp anogona kurega kukurukura kwakadzama kwenyaya dze scalability uye dzimwe nzira dzekugadzirisa matambudziko. Izvi zvinowanzo tungamira kune kusashanda kwekuvaka uko smart zvibvumirano zvinomhanya pa blockchain zvinoshanda sebackend uye musimboti wechishandiso.

Nekudaro, kuchine nzira dzisina kuedzwa dzekuvaka dhizaini yekuvaka iyo inobvumira zvirinani scalability nekudzikisira kutsamira pa blockchain. Semuenzaniso, Blockstack iri kushanda pakuvaka uko yakawanda yedata rekushandisa uye pfungwa inochengeterwa kunze-cheni.

Ngatitangei titarise imwe nzira yechinyakare, iyo inoshandisa blockchain semurevereri akananga pakati pevashandisi vekushandisa, uye iyo isingakwiri zvakanyanya.

Nzira #1: Blockchain seKumashure

Kuti zvinhu zvijeke, ngatitorei indasitiri yemahotera semuenzaniso. Iyi iindasitiri hombe umo vanopindirana vakaita seBooking.com, vanobhadharisa muripo mukuru yekubatanidza vaenzi nemahotera.

Mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu apo isu tinoda kukunda murevereri akadaro tichishandisa nzira iyi, isu tichaedza kudzokorora bhizinesi rayo logic tichishandisa smart zvibvumirano pane blockchain seEthereum.

Vhura sosi yakangwara zvibvumirano zvinomhanya pa "nyika komputa" zvinogona kubatanidza vatengesi kune vatengi pasina wechitatu bato pakati, pakupedzisira kuderedza muripo uye makomisheni anochajwa nemurevereri.

Sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi, mahotera anoshandisa decentralized application kutumira pane blockchain ruzivo nezve makamuri, kuwanikwa kwavo uye mitengo pakati pevhiki kana kupera kwevhiki, uye pamwe kunyangwe tsananguro yemakamuri ane mamwe ese akakodzera ruzivo.

Chero ani anoda kubhuka kamuri anoshandisa iyi application kutsvaga mahotera nemakamuri anogarwa pa blockchain. Kana mushandisi angosarudza kamuri, kuchengetwa kunoitwa nekutumira huwandu hunodiwa hwematokeni kuhotera sedhipoziti. Uye mukupindura, chibvumirano chakangwara chinovandudza ruzivo mu blockchain kuti nhamba haichawanikwi.

Pane mativi maviri kune dambudziko re scalability nenzira iyi. Kutanga, iyo yakawanda nhamba yekutengeserana pasekondi. Chechipiri, huwandu hwe data hunogona kuchengetwa pa blockchain.

Ngatiite rough macalculation. Booking.com vanoti vane mahotera anoda kusvika miriyoni maviri akanyoreswa navo. Ngatitii avhareji yehotera ine makamuri gumi uye imwe neimwe yakabhuka ka2 chete pagore - izvo zvinotipa avhareji yegumi nematatu ekubhuka pasekondi.

Kuti uise nhamba iyi mumaonero, zvakakosha kuziva kuti Ethereum inogona kugadzirisa inenge 15 kutengeserana kwesekondi.

Panguva imwecheteyo, zvakakosha kufunga kuti application yedu ichange iinewo matranseksheni kubva kumahotera - ekurodha uye kugara achivandudza ruzivo nezvemakamuri avo. Mahotera anovandudza mitengo yemakamuri kazhinji, dzimwe nguva kunyangwe zuva nezuva, uye mutengo wega wega kana tsananguro shanduko inoda kutengeserana pa blockchain.

Panewo nyaya dzehukuru pano - huremu hweEthereum blockchain munguva pfupi yapfuura yakapfuura mucherechedzo we2TB. Kana zvikumbiro zvine nzira iyi zvakave zvakakurumbira, iyo Ethereum network yaizove isina kugadzikana zvakanyanya.

Yakadaro blockchain-yakavakirwa sisitimu inogona kusabvisa vekunze nekuda kwekusarerekera kwayo uye kushomeka kwepakati, izvo zvakakosha zve blockchain tekinoroji. Asi iyo blockchain inewo mamwe maficha - akagoverwa uye haana kunyorwazve, aya maitiro akanaka, asi iwe unofanirwa kuvabhadharira mukumhanya uye komisheni yekutengeserana.

Naizvozvo, vanogadzira dapp vanofanirwa kunyatso ongorora kana chimiro chega chega chinoshandisa blockchain chinoda kugovera uye kusanyora.

Semuenzaniso: chii chakanakira kugovera data rehotera yega yega mumazana emichina pasi rese nekuichengeta ipapo zvachose? Izvo zvakakosha here kuti nhoroondo data pamitengo yemakamuri uye kuwanikwa inogara ichisanganisirwa mu blockchain? Zvimwe kwete.

Kana tikatanga kubvunza mibvunzo yakaita seiyi, tinotanga kuona kuti hatidi zvese zvinodhura zve blockchain maficha emabasa edu ese. Saka, ndeipi imwe nzira?

Nzira #2: Blockstack Yakafuridzirwa Architecture

Kunyange zvazvo kusimbisa kukuru Blockstack pamashandisirwo ayo vashandisi vari ivo varidzi ve data ravo (semuenzaniso, senge air text, BentenSound, Image Optimizer kana Graphite), blockstack inewo huzivi hwekushandisa blockchain zvishoma-chete kana zvichidikanwa. Nharo yavo huru ndeyokuti blockchain inononoka uye inodhura, uye naizvozvo inofanira kushandiswa chete kune imwe chete kana isingawanzoitiki. Iyo yakasara yekudyidzana nemaapplication inofanira kuitika kuburikidza nevezera-kune-vezera, i.e. vashandisi vezvikumbiro zvakadzikiswa vanofanirwa kugovana data zvakananga kune mumwe nemumwe, kwete kuburikidza ne blockchain. Mushure mezvose, ekare uye akabudirira dhizaini manyorerwo akadai seBitTorrent, email uye Tor akagadzirwa pamberi peiyo pfungwa ye blockchain pachayo.

Kuruboshwe: Nzira yekutanga, umo vashandisi vanodyidzana kuburikidza ne blockchain. Kurudyi: Vashandisi vanodyidzana zvakananga kune mumwe nemumwe, uye iyo blockchain inongoshandiswa kuzivikanwa uye nezvimwe.

Ngatidzokerei kumuenzaniso wekubhucha kwehotera. Tinoda isingasaruri, yakazvimirira uye yakavhurika protocol yekubatanidza vashanyi nemahotera. Mune mamwe mazwi, tinoda kubvisa pakati pepakati. Isu hatidi, semuenzaniso, kugara tichichengeta mitengo yemakamuri mune imwechete yakagoverwa ledger.

Nei tisingabvumire vaenzi nemahotera kuti vadyidzane zvakananga kwete kuburikidza neblockchain. Mahotera anogona kuchengeta mitengo yavo, kuwanikwa kwekamuri uye chero rumwe ruzivo kumwe kwaruchawanikwa nemunhu wese - semuenzaniso, IPFS, Amazon S3, kana kunyange yavo yenzvimbo sevha. Izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvinodaidzwa neBlockstack's decentralized storage system Gaia. Inobvumira vashandisi kusarudza kwavanoda kuti data yavo ichengetwe uye kutonga ndiani anogona kuiwana kuburikidza nenzira inodaidzwa akawanda-mushandisi kuchengetedza.

Kuti utange kuvimba, data rese rehotera rakasainwa nehotera pachayo. Zvisinei nekuti iyi data inochengeterwa kupi, kutendeseka kwayo kunogona kusimbiswa uchishandisa makiyi eruzhinji ane chekuita neiyo hotera chitupa chakachengetwa pa blockchain.

Panyaya yeBlockstack, ruzivo rwako rwekuzivikanwa chete runochengetwa pa blockchain. Ruzivo rwekuti ungawana sei data remushandisi wega wega unochengetwa mumafaira enzvimbo uye kugoverwa kuburikidza nevezera-kune-peer network vachishandisa node. Uye zvakare, haufanire kuvimba nedata iro node dzinopa, nekuti unogona kuonesa huchokwadi hwayo nekuienzanisa nema hashes akachengetwa mu blockchain nevamwe vashandisi.

Mushanduro yakapfava yehurongwa, vashanyi vachashandisa iyo Blockstack peer-to-peer network kutsvaga mahotera uye kuwana ruzivo nezvemakamuri avo. Uye huchokwadi uye kuvimbika kwedata rese raunogamuchira rinogona kusimbiswa uchishandisa makiyi eruzhinji uye hashes akachengetwa mukati virtual circuit Blockstack.

Ichi chivakwa chakanyanya kuomarara kupfuura yekutanga nzira uye chinoda huwandu hwakazara hwekuvaka. Muchokwadi, apa ndipo chaipo panouya Blockstack, ichipa ese anodiwa zvikamu zvekugadzira yakadaro decentralized system.

Nekuvaka uku, isu tinongochengeta data pane blockchain iyo inoda kugoverwa uye kwete kunyorwa. Panyaya yeBlockstack, iwe unongoda zvekutengesa pa blockchain kunyoresa uye kuratidza panofanirwa kuchengetwa data rako. Ungangoda kuita mamwe matransaction kana iwe uchida kushandura chero yeruzivo urwu, asi ichi hachisi chiitiko chinodzokororwa.

Uyezve, iyo pfungwa yekushandisa, mukupesana neyekutanga nzira, inomhanya kudivi remutengi uye kwete pazvibvumirano zvakangwara. Izvi zvinobvumira mugadziri kuti achinje iyi logic pasina inodhura kana dzimwe nguva kunyange isingagoneke smart contract updates. Uye nekuchengeta data rekushandisa uye logic off-cheni, dhizaini maapplication anogona kuwana mashandiro uye scalability mazinga echinyakare centralized masisitimu.

mhedziso

Zvishandiso zvinomhanya paBlockstack zvinogona kukwira zvirinani pane zvakajairwa blockchain application, asi inzira diki ine matambudziko ayo uye mibvunzo isina kupindurwa.

Semuyenzaniso, kana decentralized application isingashande pazvibvumirano zvakangwara, zvino izvi zvinodzikisira kudiwa kwematokeni ekushandisa. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko kumabhizinesi tichifunga kuti maICO anga ari iwo sosi yemari yezvikumbiro zvakaiswa (kusanganisira Blockstack pachayo)

Panewo matambudziko ehunyanzvi pano. Semuenzaniso, zviri nyore kuita basa rekubhurosa hotera muchibvumirano chakangwara, uko mukushanda kweatomu, kuchengeterwa kwemakamuri kunoitwa mukutsinhana kwezviratidzo. Uye hazvisi pachena kuti kubhuka kuchashanda sei muBlockstack application pasina smart zvibvumirano.

Mapurogiramu anonangana nemisika yepasi rose ane mukana wemamiriyoni evashandisi anofanirwa kukwira zvakanyanya kuti abudirire. Iko kukanganisa kuvimba chete ne blockchains kuti uwane iyi nhanho ye scalability munguva pfupi iri kutevera. Kuti ukwanise kukwikwidza nevatambi vemusika wepakati vakaita seBooking.com, vagadziri vezvishandiso vakatemerwa vanofanirwa kufunga dzimwe nzira dzekugadzira maapplication avo, senge inopihwa neBlockstack.

Source: www.habr.com