Digital Substation inzira muchikamu chesimba. Kana iwe uri padyo nemusoro wenyaya, saka iwe unogona kunge wakanzwa kuti huwandu hukuru hwe data hunofambiswa nenzira ye multicast hova. Asi iwe unoziva here kubata idzi multicast hova? Ndeapi maturusi ekuyerera anoshandiswa? Ko zvinyorwa zvemitemo zvinopa zano rei?
Chero ani anofarira kunzwisisa nyaya iyi anogamuchirwa kune katsi!
Iyo data inofambiswa sei pamusoro penetiweki uye nei uchitarisira multicast hova?
Ndisati ndaenda ndakananga kuDhijitari Substation uye nuances yekuvaka LAN, ini ndinopa chirongwa chipfupi chedzidzo pamhando dzekutumira data uye mapuroteni ekufambisa data ekushanda nehova dzakawanda. Takavanza chirongwa chedzidzo pasi pemuparadzi.
Mhando dzekutumira data
Mhando dzetraffic paLAN
Kune marudzi mana ekufambisa data:
- Nhepfenyuro - kutepfenyura.
- Unicast - kutumira mameseji pakati pemidziyo miviri.
- Multicast - kutumira mameseji kune rimwe boka remidziyo.
- Unknown Unicast - kutepfenyura nechinangwa chekutsvaga mudziyo mumwe chete.
Kuti tisavhiringa makadhi, ngatitaurei muchidimbu nezve mamwe matatu matatu emhando yekufambisa data tisati taenda kune multicast.
Chekutanga, ngatiyeukei kuti mukati meLAN, kutaura pakati pemidziyo kunoitwa zvichibva pamakero eMAC. Chero meseji inofambiswa ine SRC MAC uye DST MAC minda.
SRC MAC - sosi MAC - sender MAC kero.
DST MAC - kwainoenda MAC - anogamuchira MAC kero.
Switch inotumira mameseji zvichienderana neminda iyi. Inotarisa kumusoro kweDST MAC, inoiwana mune yayo MAC kero tafura, uye inotumira meseji kuchiteshi chakanyorwa patafura. Anotarisawo SRC MAC. Kana pasina kero yakadaro yeMAC mutafura, ipapo imwe itsva "MAC address - port" peya inowedzerwa.
Zvino ngatitaurei zvakadzama nezve marudzi ekufambisa data.
Unicast
Unicast ndiyo kero yekufambisa mameseji pakati pemidziyo miviri. Chaizvoizvo, uku ndiko kunongedzera-kune-kunongedza data. Mune mamwe mazwi, zvishandiso zviviri zvinogara zvichishandisa Unicast kutaurirana.
Unicast traffic transmission
nhepfenyuro
Nhepfenyuro ishoko renhepfenyuro. Avo. kutepfenyura, kana mudziyo mumwe uchitumira meseji kune mamwe maturusi ese ari panetwork.
Kuti utumire meseji yekutepfenyura, anotumira anotsanangura kero yeDST MAC FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF.
Broadcast traffic transmission
Unknown Unicast
Unknown Unicast, pakutanga kutarisa, yakafanana neBroadcast. Asi pane musiyano pakati pavo - iyo meseji inotumirwa kune vese vatori vechikamu network, asi inongoitirwa mudziyo mumwe chete. Zvakafanana nemeseji iri munzvimbo yezvitoro ichikukumbira kuti umisezve mota yako. Munhu wose achanzwa shoko iri, asi mumwe chete ndiye achapindura.
Kana switch yagamuchira furemu uye ikatadza kuwana Destination MAC kubva kwairi muMAC kero tafura, inongotepfenyura meseji iyi kune ese madoko kunze kweiyo yaakagamuchira. Mudziyo mumwe chete uchapindura tsamba yakadai.
Kufambiswa kweIsingazivikanwe Unicast traffic
Multicast
Multicast ndiko kutumira meseji kuboka remidziyo "inoda" kugamuchira iyi data. Zvakanyanya kufanana newebhu. Inotepfenyurwa paInternet yese, asi avo chete vanhu vanofarira nyaya iyi vanobatana nayo.
Iyi modhi yekufambisa data inonzi "Publisher - Subscriber". Kune muparidzi mumwe anotumira data uye Vanyoreri vanoda kugamuchira iyi data kunyorera kwairi.
Nekutepfenyura kwakawanda, meseji inotumirwa kubva kumudziyo chaiwo. Iyo Source MAC mune furemu ndiyo MAC yemutumiri. Asi iyo Destination MAC ikero chaiyo.
Mudziyo unofanirwa kubatana neboka kuti ugamuchire data kubva kwairi. Iyo switch inodzoreredza ruzivo runoyerera pakati pemidziyo - inorangarira kuti ndeapi madoko data inotapurwa kubva uye inoziva kuti ndeapi madoko data iyi inofanirwa kutumirwa.
Kufambiswa kweMulticast traffic
Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti IP kero inowanzoshandiswa semapoka chaiwo, asi kubvira ... Sezvo chinyorwa ichi chiri pamusoro pesimba, tichataura nezveMAC kero. MuIEC 61850 mhuri yemaprotocol anoshandiswa kuDhijitari Substation, kupatsanurwa mumapoka kunoenderana nekero dzeMAC.
Chirongwa chipfupi chedzidzo nezve kero yeMAC
Iyo MAC kero ndeye 48-bit kukosha iyo ino zivisa mudziyo. Yakakamurwa kuita 6 octets. Iwo matatu ekutanga octets ane ruzivo rwemugadziri. Octets 4, 5 uye 6 inopihwa nemugadziri uye ndiyo nhamba yemuchina.
MAC kero chimiro
Mune yekutanga octet, yechisere bhiti inosarudza kana meseji iri unicast kana multicast. Kana iyo yechisere bhiti iri 0, saka iyi kero yeMAC ndiyo kero yechigadzirwa chaicho chemuviri.
Uye kana iyo yechisere bhiti iri 1, saka iyi kero yeMAC ndeyechokwadi. Ndiko kuti, iyi kero yeMAC haisi yechinhu chaicho chemuviri, asi cheboka rechokwadi.
Chikwata chaicho chinogona kufananidzwa neshongwe yenhepfenyuro. Kambani yeredhiyo inotepfenyura mimwe mimhanzi pashongwe iyi, uye vanoda kuiteerera vanoisa maredhiyo avo kumhanzi yavanoda.
Zvakare, semuenzaniso, IP vhidhiyo kamera inotumira data kuboka chairo, uye izvo zvishandiso zvinoda kugamuchira iyi data zvinobatana neboka iri.
Yechisere zvishoma yekutanga octet yekero yeMAC
Kana tsigiro yemulticast isina kugoneswa pane switch, ipapo inozoona iyo multicast rwizi senhepfenyuro. Saizvozvo, kana paine kuyerera kwakawanda kwakadaro, isu tichakurumidza kuvhara network ne "junk" traffic.
Chii chakakosha chemulticast?
Pfungwa huru yemulticast ndeyekuti kopi imwe chete yetraffic inotumirwa kubva kumushini. Iyo switch inosarudza kuti ndeapi madoko evanonyoresa uye anotumira data kubva kune anotumira kwavari. Nekudaro, multicast inobvumidza iwe kudzikisa zvakanyanya iyo data inofambiswa kuburikidza netiweki.
Izvi zvinoshanda sei paLAN chaiyo?
Zviri pachena kuti hazvina kukwana kungotumira imwe kopi yemotokari kune imwe kero yeMAC iyo yechisere ye octet yekutanga ndeye 1. Vanyoreri vanofanira kukwanisa kubatana neboka iri. Uye ma switch anofanirwa kunzwisisa kubva kune madoko data anouya uye kune zviteshi zvaanoda kufambiswa. Ipapo ndipo chete ndipo pachaita kuti multicast ikwanise kukwidziridza network uye kubata kuyerera.
Kuti uite basa iri, kune multicast protocol. Zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa:
- IGMP.
- PIM.
Muchinyorwa chino, isu tichataura tangentially nezve general inoshanda musimboti weaya maprotocol.
IGMP
Iyo IGMP-inogonesa switch inorangarira kuti ndeipi chiteshi iyo multicast rukova inosvika pairi. Vanyoreri vanofanirwa kutumira IMGP Join meseji kuti ubatane neboka. Iyo switch inowedzera chiteshi kubva iyo IGMP Join yakauya kune iyo rondedzero yepasi pasi uye inotanga kufambisa iyo multicast rukova ipapo. Iyo switch inoramba ichitumira IGMP Query meseji kune yakadzika madoko kuti itarise kana ichida kuenderera mberi nekutumira data. Kana IGMP Kusiya meseji yakagamuchirwa kubva pachiteshi kana pakange pasina mhinduro kune IGMP Mubvunzo meseji, kutepfenyura kwairi kunomiswa.
PIM
Iyo PIM protocol ine maviri ekuita:
- PIM DM.
- PIM SM.
Iyo PIM DM protocol inoshanda kumashure kweIGMP. Iyo switch yekutanga inotumira multicast rukova senhepfenyuro kune ese machiteshi kunze kweiyo yaakagamuchirwa. Inobva yadzima kuyerera pazviteshi izvo zvakabva mameseji izvo zvaisadiwa.
PIM SM inoshanda padyo neIGMP.
Kunyatso kupfupisa iyo yakajairwa misimboti yekushanda kwemulticast - Muparidzi anotumira multicast rukova kune chaiyo MAC boka, vanyoreri vanotumira zvikumbiro zvekubatanidza kuboka iri, switch inogadzirisa hova idzi.
Sei takaenda pamusoro pemharaunda yakawanda kudaro? Ngatitaurei nezve zvakatemwa zveDigital Substation LAN kuti tinzwisise izvi.
Chii chinonzi Digital Substation uye nei multicast ichidiwa ipapo?
Usati wataura nezve Digital Substation LAN, unofanirwa kunzwisisa kuti Digital Substation chii. Zvadaro pindura mibvunzo:
- Ndiani anobatanidzwa mukuendesa data?
- Ndeipi data inoendeswa kuLAN?
- Chii chinonzi LAN architecture?
Uye mushure meizvozvo kurukura multicast ...
Chii chinonzi Digital Substation?
Digital Substation inzvimbo umo masisitimu ese ane yakanyanya mwero otomatiki. Yese sekondari uye yekutanga michina yechitsiko chakadaro yakatarisana nedhijitari data kutapurirana. Kutsinhana kwedata kunovakwa zvinoenderana nemaprotocol ekufambisa anotsanangurwa muIEC 61850 standard.
Saizvozvo, data rese rinofambiswa nedhijitari pano:
- Zviyero.
- Diagnostic ruzivo.
- Kudzora mirairo.
Maitiro aya akagamuchira budiriro huru muchikamu chesimba reRussia uye ikozvino iri kuitwa kwese. Muna 2019 na2020, magwaro akawanda ekutonga akaonekwa achironga kugadzirwa kweDigital Substation pamatanho ese ebudiriro. Semuenzaniso, STO 34.01-21-004-2019 PJSC "Rosseti" inotsanangura tsananguro inotevera uye maitiro epakati sevhisi chiteshi:
Tsanangudzo:
Digital substation ndeye automated substation ine ruzivo rwedhijitari uye kudzora masisitimu anodyidzana mune imwe nguva modhi uye anoshanda pasina kuvepo kwevashandi vebasa zvachose.
Zvinodiwa:
- kure kucherechedzwa kwema parameters uye maitiro ekushandisa emidziyo uye masisitimu anodiwa kune yakajairika kushanda pasina kuvepo kwekugara kwevashandi uye kuchengetedza vanoshanda;
- kupa telecontrol yemidziyo uye masisitimu ekushandisa substation pasina kuvepo kwekugara kwevashandi uye kuchengetedza vanoshanda;
- yakakwira mwero we otomatiki wemidziyo uye masisitimu manejimendi uchishandisa akangwara kudzora masisitimu ekushandisa modhi yemidziyo uye masisitimu;
- kure kure kudzora kwese kwese tekinoroji maitiro mune imwe nguva modhi;
- digital data exchange pakati pese tekinoroji masisitimu mune imwechete fomati;
- kubatanidzwa mune yemagetsi network uye bhizinesi manejimendi system, pamwe nekuve nechokwadi chekudyidzana kwedhijitari nemasangano akakodzera ezvivakwa (ane zvivakwa zvinoenderana);
- kushanda uye kuchengetedza ruzivo panguva ye digitalization yemaitiro etekinoroji;
- kuenderera mberi kwekutarisa mamiriro eiyo huru tekinoroji michina uye masisitimu pamhepo nekufambiswa kwehuwandu hunodiwa hwedhijitari data, inodzorwa paramita uye masaini.
Ndiani anobatanidzwa mukuendesa data?
Iyo Digital Substation inosanganisira anotevera masisitimu:
- Relay kuchengetedza masisitimu. Dziviriro yerelay ingangoita "moyo" weDhijitari Substation. Relay kuchengetedza zviteshi zvinotora zvazvino uye voltage kukosha kubva pakuyera masisitimu. Kubva pane iyi data, materminals anoshanda kunze kwemukati kudzivirira logic. Iwo materminals anotaurirana kune mumwe nemumwe kuendesa ruzivo nezve yakavharirwa dziviriro, zvinzvimbo zvekuchinja zvishandiso, nezvimwe. Iwo materminal anotumirawo ruzivo nezve zviitiko zvakaitika kune ICS server. Pakazara, marudzi akati wandei ekutaurirana anogona kusiyaniswa:
βΈHorizontal connection - kutaurirana pakati pematerminals.
βΈVertical connection -kutaurirana neautomated process control system server.
βΈKuyera - kutaurirana nemidziyo yekuyeresa.
- Zvekutengesa magetsi metering masisitimu.Custody metering masisitimu anotaurirana chete nemidziyo yekuyeresa.
- Dispatch control systems.Chikamu che data chinofanira kutumirwa kubva kune otomatiki process control system server uye kubva kune yekutengesa accounting server kuenda kunzvimbo yekudzora.
Iri irondedzero yakareruka yemasisitimu anochinjana data sechikamu cheDigital Substation. Kana iwe uchida kuzama zvakadzama munyaya iyi, nyora mumashoko.
Tichakuudza nezve izvi zvakasiyana π
Ndeipi data inoendeswa kuLAN?
Kubatanidza masisitimu anotsanangurwa pamwe chete uye kuronga kutaurirana kwakatwasuka uye kwakatwasuka, pamwe nekufambiswa kwezviyero, mabhazi anorongwa. Parizvino, ngatibvumiranei kuti bhazi rega rega rinongori rakasiyana LAN pane maindasitiri eEthernet switch.
Vhaka dhizaini yenzvimbo yemagetsi magetsi zvinoenderana neIEC 61850
Iyo block diagraph inoratidza matai:
- Monitoring/Control.
- Kufambiswa kwezviratidzo zvekudzivirira relay.
- Kutapurirana kwepakarepo voltages uye currents.
Dziviriro relay terminals inotora chikamu mune zvese zvakachinjika uye yakatwasuka kutaurirana uye zvakare inoshandisa zviyero, saka iwo akabatana kune ese mabhazi.
Kuburikidza ne "Transmission of relay protection signs" bhazi, materminal anofambisa ruzivo pakati pavo. Avo. pano kubatanidza kune horizontal kunoitwa.
Kufambiswa kwezviyero kunoitwa kuburikidza ne "Transmission of instantaneous values ββββyevoltages uye currents" bhazi. Midziyo yekuyeresa - yazvino uye voltage transformers, pamwe nerelay kuchengetedza zviteshi - zvakabatana nebhazi iri.
Zvakare, iyo ASKUE sevha yakabatana ne "Transmission of instantly values ββββyevoltages uye currents" bhazi, iro rinotorawo zviyero zve accounting.
Uye bhazi re "Monitoring/Control" rinoshanda pakutaurirana kwakatwasuka. Avo. kuburikidza nazvo, zviteshi zvinotumira zviitiko zvakasiyana kune ICS server, uye sevha inotumirawo mirairo yekudzora kune zviteshi.
Kubva pane otomatiki dhizaini system server, data inotumirwa kunzvimbo yekudzora.
Chii chinonzi LAN architecture?
Ngatienderere mberi kubva kune isinganzwisisike uye pane yakajairika dhizaini yemaitiro kune zvimwe zvinhu zvemazuvano uye chaizvo zvinhu.
Iyo dhizaini pazasi inoratidza yakaringana yakajairwa LAN yekuvaka yeDigital Substation.
Digital Substation Architecture
Pa 6 kV kana 35 kV substations, network ichava nyore, asi kana isu tichitaura nezve substations ye110 kV, 220 kV uye yakakwirira, pamwe neLAN yezviteshi zvemagetsi, ipapo chivakwa chichaenderana nechakaratidzwa.
Iyo architecture yakakamurwa kuita nhanho nhatu:
- Chiteshi / substation level.
- Join level.
- Process level.
Chiteshi / substation level inosanganisira nzvimbo dzekushandira uye maseva.
Join level inosanganisira zvose zvigadzirwa zvemichina.
Process level zvinosanganisira midziyo yekuyeresa.
Kune zvakare mabhazi maviri ekubatanidza mazinga:
- Chiteshi/chiteshi bhazi.
- Process bhazi.
Chiteshi/chiteshi bhazi chinosanganisa mabasa ebhazi re "Monitoring/Control" uye "Relay Protection Signal Transmission" bhazi. Uye bhazi rekuita rinoita mabasa e "Transmission of instantaneous voltage and current values" bhazi.
Zvimiro zveMulticast kutapurirana mune Digital Substation
Ndeipi data inofambiswa uchishandisa multicast?
Kukurukurirana kwakatwasuka uye kuendesa zviyero mukati meDhijitari Substation kunoitwa uchishandisa iyo Publisher-Subscriber architecture. Avo. Relay kuchengetedza zviteshi zvinoshandisa multicast hova kuchinjanisa mameseji pakati pavo, uye zviyero zvinofambiswa zvakare uchishandisa multicast.
Pamberi pedhijitari substation muchikamu chesimba, kutaurirana kwakatwasuka kwakashandiswa uchishandisa point-to-point kutaurirana pakati pematerminals. Zvichida tambo yemhangura kana yemaziso yakashandiswa sechinhu chinoshandiswa. Data yakafambiswa pachishandiswa proprietary protocols.
Zvikumbiro zvakakwirira zvikuru zvakaiswa pakubatanidza uku, nokuti aya machani aifambisa masaini ekudzivirira activation, chinzvimbo chekuchinja zvishandiso, nezvimwe. Iyo algorithm yekushanda kuvharika kwematerminal yaienderana neruzivo urwu.
Kana data ikafambiswa zvishoma nezvishoma kana isina kuvimbiswa, pane mukana mukuru wekuti imwe yematerminal haigamuchire ruzivo rwemazuva ano nezvemamiriro ezvinhu uye inogona kutumira chiratidzo kudzima kana kubatidza mudziyo wekuchinja kana, semuenzaniso. , rimwe basa rinoitwa pairi. Kana kukanganisa kukundikana hakuzoshandi munguva uye pfupi pfupi ichapararira kune imwe nzvimbo yemagetsi. Zvose izvi zvakazara nekurasikirwa kukuru kwemari uye kutyisidzira hupenyu hwevanhu.
Naizvozvo, iyo data yaifanira kufambiswa:
- Kuvimbika.
- Guaranteed.
- Fast.
Iye zvino, panzvimbo yekutaura-ku-point, chiteshi / substation bhasi inoshandiswa, i.e. LAN. Uye iyo data inofambiswa uchishandisa iyo GOOSE protocol, iyo inotsanangurwa neIEC 61850 yakajairwa (muIEC 61850-8-1, kunyatsojeka).
GOOSE inomirira General Object Oriented Substation Chiitiko, asi decoding iyi haichanyanyi kukosha uye haitakure chero semantic mutoro.
Sechikamu cheiyi protocol, relay kuchengetedza zviteshi zvinochinjana GOOSE meseji nemumwe.
Shanduko kubva padanho-ku-ku-point kutaurirana kuenda kuLAN haina kuchinja nzira. Data ichiri kuda kufambiswa zvakavimbika, zvakachengeteka uye nekukurumidza. Naizvozvo, GOOSE mameseji anoshandisa imwe isingawanzo kufambisa data nzira. Zvimwe pamusoro pake gare gare.
Zviyero, sezvatakambokurukura, zvinofambiswa zvakare uchishandisa multicast hova. Muchirevo cheDSP, hova idzi dzinonzi SV hova (Sampled Value).
SV hova mameseji ane yakatarwa seti yedata uye inofambiswa nguva nenguva neimwe nguva. Mharidzo imwe neimwe ine kuyerwa pane imwe nguva panguva. Zviyero zvinotorwa pane imwe frequency - iyo sampling frequency.
Sampling frequency ndiyo sampling frequency yenguva-inoenderera chiratidzo kana uchiienzanisa.
Sampling rate 80 samples pasekondi
Kuumbwa kweSV hova kunotsanangurwa muIEC61850-9-2 LE.
SV hova dzinofambiswa kuburikidza neiyo process bhazi.
Process bhazi network yekukurukurirana inopa kuchinjanisa data pakati pekuyeresa zvishandiso uye yekubatanidza nhanho zvishandiso. Mitemo yekuchinjana data (pakarepo ikozvino uye voltage values) inotsanangurwa muIEC 61850-9-2 chiyero (ikozvino IEC 61850-9-2 LE profil inoshandiswa).
SV hova, senge GOOSE meseji, inofanirwa kufambiswa nekukurumidza. Kana zviyero zvichiparidzirwa zvishoma nezvishoma, zviteshi zvingasagamuchira ikozvino kana magetsi anodiwa kuti atange kudzivirirwa munguva, uye pfupi pfupi ichabva yapararira kune chikamu chikuru chemagetsi emagetsi uye inokonzera kukanganisa kukuru.
Sei multicast ichidikanwa?
Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro, kuvhara iyo data yekufambisa zvinodiwa pakutaurirana kwakatwasuka, GOOSE inotapurirwa neimwe nzira.
Chekutanga, ivo vanoparidzirwa padanho rekubatanidza data uye vane yavo Ethertype - 0x88b8. Izvi zvinova nechokwadi chepamusoro chekufambisa data.
Iye zvino zvakakosha kuvhara zvinodiwa zvewaranti uye kuvimbika.
Zviri pachena kuti, kuva nechokwadi, zvakakosha kunzwisisa kana shoko rakatumirwa, asi isu hatigoni kuronga kutumira zvisimbiso zvekugamuchira, sekuti, somuenzaniso, inoitwa muTCP. Izvi zvichaderedza zvakanyanya kukurumidza kwekufambisa data.
Naizvozvo, aPublisher-Subscriber architecture anoshandiswa kufambisa GOOSE.
Muparidzi-Subscriber Architecture
Chishandiso chinotumira GOOSE meseji kubhazi uye vanyoreri vanogamuchira meseji. Uyezve, iyo meseji inotumirwa ine nguva inogara T0. Kana chimwe chiitiko chikaitika, meseji nyowani inogadzirwa, zvisinei nekuti nguva yapfuura T0 yapera here kana kuti kwete. Iyo inotevera meseji ine data nyowani inogadzirwa mushure menguva pfupi pfupi, zvino mushure menguva yakati rebei, zvichingodaro. Nekuda kweizvozvo, nguva inowedzera kusvika T0.
Musimboti wekufambisa GOOSE meseji
Munyoreri anoziva kubva kwaanogashira mameseji, uye kana asina kugamuchira meseji kubva kune mumwe munhu mushure menguva T0, ipapo inoburitsa meseji yekukanganisa.
SV hova dzinofambiswawo padanho rekubatanidza data, ine yavo Ethertype - 0x88BA uye inotapurirwa zvinoenderana neiyo "Publisher - Subscriber" modhi.
Nuances ekutapurirana kwakawanda muDigital substation
Asi "simba" multicast ine nuances yayo.
Cherechedza 1. GOOSE neSV vane mapoka avo emhando dzakasiyana-siyana anotsanangurwa
Kune "simba" multicast, mapoka avo ekugovera anoshandiswa.
Munharembozha, huwandu 224.0.0.0/4 hunoshandiswa pakugovera multicast (nezvisizvo zvisingawanzo, kune kero dzakachengetwa). Asi iyo IEC 61850 yakajairwa pachayo uye iyo IEC 61850 corporate mbiri kubva kuPJSC FGC inotsanangura yavo yega multicast kugovera siyana.
Kune SV hova: kubva 01-0C-CD-04-00-00 kusvika 01-0C-CD-04-FF-FF.
Kune GOOSE meseji: kubva 01-0C-CD-04-00-00 kusvika 01-0C-CD-04-FF-FF.
Point 2. Iwo materminal haashandise multicast protocol
Yechipiri nuance inonyanya kukosha - relay kuchengetedza zviteshi hazvitsigire IGMP kana PIM. Zvino vanoshanda sei nemulticast? Vangomirira kuti ruzivo rwakakodzera rwutumirwe kuchiteshi. Avo. kana vachiziva kuti vakanyoreswa kune chaiyo MAC kero, vanogamuchira ese anouya mafuremu, asi anogadzirisa chete anodiwa. Zvimwe zvacho zvinongoraswa.
Mune mamwe mazwi, tariro yese iri pane switch. Asi IGMP kana PIM ichashanda sei kana materminal akasatumira Join meseji? Mhinduro iri nyore - hapana nzira.
Uye SV hova inorema data. Rukova rumwe runorema 5 Mbit/s. Uye kana zvese zvakasiiwa sezvazviri, zvinoitika kuti rwizi rwega rwega ruchatepfenyurwa. Mune mamwe mazwi, isu tichadhonza chete makumi maviri hova pane imwe 20 Mbit / s LAN. Uye nhamba yeSV inoyerera pane yakakura substation inoyerwa mumazana.
Ndeipi mhinduro ipapo?
Yakareruka - shandisa yekare yakasimbiswa VLANs.
Uyezve, IGMP muDhijitari Substation LAN inogona kutamba hutsinye joke, uye zvinopesana, hapana chinozoshanda. Mushure mezvose, switch haizotanga kufambisa hova pasina chikumbiro.
Naizvozvo, tinogona kusimbisa mutemo wakapfava wekutuma - "Iyo network haisi kushanda here? - Dzima IGMP!
Normative base
Asi pamwe zvichiri kugona kuronga LAN yeDigital Substation yakavakirwa pane multicast? Ngatiedzei kuvhura izvozvi kune zvinyorwa zvekutonga paLAN. Kunyanya, ini ndichataura zvinyorwa kubva kune anotevera maSTO:
- STO 34.01-21-004-2019 - DIGITAL SIMBA CENTER. ZVINODIWA PAKUGADZIRIRWA ZVINHU ZVINHU ZVINHU ZVINE VOLTAGE 110-220 kV UYE NODE DIGITAL SUBSTATIONS NEVOLTAGE 35 kV.
- STO 34.01-6-005-2019 - KUCHINJWA KWESIMBA ZVINHU. General technical zvinodiwa.
- STO 56947007-29.240.10.302-2020 - Yakajairwa tekinoroji zvinodiwa kusangano uye kuita kweLAN tekinoroji muhurongwa hwekutonga kweiyo UNEG substation.
Ngatitangei kuona izvo zvinogona kuwanikwa mune idzi masevhisi nhepfenyuro nezve multicast? Pane kutaurwa chete mune yazvino STO kubva kuPJSC FGC UES. Munguva yekugamuchirwa kweLAN bvunzo, chiteshi chesevhisi chinokukumbira kuti utarise kana maVLAN akagadziridzwa nemazvo uye kutarisa kuti hapana multicast traffic mu switch ports iyo isina kutaurwa mumagwaro ekushanda.
Zvakanaka, chiteshi chevhisi zvakare chinoraira kuti vashandi vebasa vanofanirwa kuziva chinonzi multicast.
Ndizvo zvese nezve multicast ...
Zvino ngationei zvaungawane mune aya masevhisi zviteshi nezveVLAN.
Pano, ese matatu masevhisi zviteshi anobvumirana kuti switch dzinofanirwa kutsigira maVLAN zvichienderana neIEEE 802.1Q.
STO 34.01-21-004-2019 inotaura kuti maVLAN anofanirwa kushandiswa kudzora kuyerera, uye nerubatsiro rweVLANs, traffic inofanirwa kukamurwa kuita relay kuchengetedza, automated process control system, AIIS KUE, vhidhiyo yekutarisa, kutaurirana, nezvimwe.
STO 56947007-29.240.10.302-2020, mukuwedzera, inodawo kugadzirira mepu yekugovera VLAN panguva yekugadzira. Panguva imwecheteyo, chiteshi chebasa chinopa huwandu hwayo hwekero dzeIP uye maVLAN emidziyo yeDSP.
Iyo STO inopawo tafura yezvinokurudzirwa zvinonyanya kukosha kune akasiyana maVLAN.
Tafura yezvinokurudzirwa zveVLAN zvekutanga kubva kuSTO 56947007-29.240.10.302-2020
Kubva pane inoyerera manejimendi maonero, ndizvozvo. Kunyangwe pachine zvakawanda zvekukurukura mune aya masevhisi zviteshi - kubva kune akasiyana ekuvaka kusvika kuL3 marongero - isu tichaita izvi, asi nguva inotevera.
Zvino ngatipfupikisai kuyerera kwekutonga muLAN yeDhijitari Substation.
mhedziso
MuDhijitari Substation, zvisinei nekuti hova dzakawanda dzinofambiswa, dzakajairwa multicast traffic manejimendi nzira (IGMP, PIM) hainyatso kushandiswa. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti iyo yekupedzisira michina haitsigire chero multicast protocol.
MaVLAN akanaka ekare anoshandiswa kudzora kuyerera. Panguva imwecheteyo, kushandiswa kweVLAN kunodzorwa nezvinyorwa zvinodzorwa, izvo zvinopa zvakaringana zvakagadziridzwa kurudziro.
Useful links:
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Source: www.habr.com