Ichi chinyorwa chiri pamusoro pekuti magiraidhi anoshanda sei muLinux uye kuti ine zvikamu zvipi. Iyo ine akawanda mascreenshots eakasiyana ekuita edesktop nharaunda.
Kana iwe usinganyatso kusiyanisa pakati peKDE neGNOME, kana iwe unoda kuziva kuti ndedzipi dzimwe nzira dziripo, saka chinyorwa ichi ndechako. Iyo muchidimbu, uye kunyangwe iine akawanda mazita uye mashoma mazwi, zvinyorwa zvichabatsirawo kune vanotanga uye avo vanongotarisa kuLinux.
Musoro wacho unogona zvakare kufarira vashandisi vepamberi kana uchimisikidza kuwana kure uye kuita mutengi mutete. Ndinowanzosangana nevashandisi veLinux vane ruzivo nemashoko okuti "kunongova nemutsara wekuraira pane sevha, uye handisi kuronga kudzidza mifananidzo zvakadzama, sezvo izvi zvichidiwa kune vashandisiwo zvavo." Asi kunyangwe nyanzvi dzeLinux dzinoshamisika zvikuru uye dzinofara kuwana iyo "-X" sarudzo yeiyo ssh command (uye kune izvi zvinobatsira kunzwisisa mashandiro uye mabasa eX server).
Ndanga ndichidzidzisa Linux kosi kweanoda kusvika makore gumi nemashanu pa "“Uye ndine chokwadi chokuti vazhinji vevanhu vanopfuura zviuru zvishanu vandakadzidzisa vanoverenga uye zvichida vanonyora zvinyorwa pamusoro paHabr. Iwo makosi anogara akanyanya (avhareji yenguva yemazuva mashanu); iwe unofanirwa kuvhara misoro inoda mazuva gumi kuti unzwisise zvizere. Uye nguva dzose panguva yekosi, zvichienderana nevateereri (vachangobva kuungana kana vatariri vane ruzivo), pamwe ne "mibvunzo kubva kune vateereri," ini ndinoita sarudzo yekutaura zvakadzama uye chii chakanyanya pamusoro, kuitira kuti ndipe zvakawanda. nguva yekuraira mitsetse yekushandisa uye yavo inoshanda mashandisiro. Pane nyaya dzakakwana seizvi dzinoda kuzvipira zvishoma. Aya ndiwo "Nhoroondo yeLinux", "Misiyano mukugoverwa kweLinux", "Pamusoro pemarezinesi: GPL, BSD, ...", "Pamusoro pemifananidzo uye nzvimbo dzedesktop" (musoro wechinyorwa chino), nezvimwewo. Kwete kuti hazvisi izvo. zvakakosha, asi kazhinji kune mimwe mibvunzo yakawanda inotsikirira "pano uye ikozvino" uye mazuva anenge mashanu chete ... Zvisinei, nokuda kwekunzwisisa kukuru kwezvigadziro zveLinux OS, kunzwisisa kwezvakasiyana-siyana zviripo (kuitira kuti kunyange kushandisa imwe chaiyo. Kugoverwa kweLinux, iwe uchine maonero akajeka eiyi hombe uye nyika yakakura inonzi "Linux"), kudzidza nyaya idzi kunobatsira uye kwakakosha.
Sezvo chinyorwa chichienderera mberi, ini ndinopa zvinongedzo zvechikamu chimwe nechimwe kune avo vanoda kunyura zvakadzama mumusoro wenyaya, semuenzaniso, kune zvinyorwa zveWikipedia (apo achinongedza kune imwe yakakwana / inobatsira shanduro kana paine zvinyorwa zveChirungu neRussia).
Kune yekutanga mienzaniso uye zvidzitiro ndakashandisa iyo openSUSE kugovera. Kumwe kugoverwa kupi nokupi kwakagadzirwa nenzanga kwaigona kushandiswa, chero bedzi kwakanga kune nhamba huru yemapasuru munzvimbo inochengeterwa. Zvakaoma, asi hazvigoneki, kuratidza zvakasiyana-siyana zvemadhizaini edesktop pakugovera kwekutengesa, sezvo ivo vanowanzo shandisa imwe chete kana mbiri yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa desktop desktop. Nenzira iyi, vanogadzira vanodzikisa basa rekuburitsa yakagadzikana, yakagadziriswa OS. Pane iyi imwechete system ndakaisa ese DM/DE/WM (tsananguro yemazwi aya pazasi) yandakawana mune repository.
Mapikicha ane "mafuremu ebhuruu" akatorwa pane openSUSE.
Ini ndakatora zvidzitiro ne "mafuremu machena" pane kumwe kugoverwa, iwo anoratidzwa muiyo skrini.
Screenshots ane "grey mafuremu" akatorwa kubva kuInternet, semuenzaniso wedesktop dhizaini kubva kumakore apfuura.
Saka, ngatitange.
Izvo zvakakosha zvinoumba magirafu
Ini ndichasimbisa zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha uye ndozvinyora muhurongwa hwavanotangwa pakutanga system:
- DM (Display Manager);
- Display Server;
- DE (Desktop Environment).
Pamusoro pezvo, seakakosha sub-clauses yeDesktop Nzvimbo:
- Maneja weMapurogiramu/Launcher/Switcher (bhatani rekutanga);
- WM (Window Manager);
- software yakasiyana-siyana inouya nedesktop environment.
Mamwe mashoko pamusoro pechinhu chimwe nechimwe.
DM (Display Manager)
Yekutanga application inotangisa paunotanga "giraidhi" iDM (Display Manager), maneja wekuratidzira. Mabasa ayo makuru:
- bvunza kuti ndevapi vashandisi vanobvumidza kupinda muhurongwa, kumbira data rechokwadi (password, zvigunwe);
- sarudza kuti ndeipi desktop nharaunda yekumhanya.
Parizvino inowanzoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekugovera:
- (yakatsiviwa ),
- ,
- ,
- .
- Iwe unogona zvakare kutaura Fly-DM (inoshandiswa muAstraLinux).
Rondedzero yeDMs iripo inochengetwa kusvika nhasi mukati
Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti zvidzitiro zvinotevera zvinoshandisa iyo yakafanana LightDM kuratidza maneja, asi mukugovera kwakasiyana (mazita ekugovera anoratidzwa muvabereki). Ona kuti DM iyi inogona kutaridzika sei nekuda kwebasa revagadziri kubva kwakasiyana kugovera.
Chinhu chikuru mukusiyana uku kuita kuti zvive pachena kuti pane application ine basa rekutangisa mifananidzo uye kubvumira mushandisi kuwana aya magiraidhi, uye kune akasiyana mashandisirwo echishandiso ichi anosiyana pakuonekwa uye zvishoma mukushanda (kusarudzwa kwe dhizaini nharaunda, kusarudzwa kwevashandisi, vhezheni yevashandisi vakashata vanoona, kuwanikwa kwekusvika kure kuburikidza neprotocol ).
Ratidza Server
Display Server imhando yegiraidhi hwaro, iro basa guru nderekushanda nekadhi revhidhiyo, yekutarisa uye akasiyana ekuisa michina (keyboard, mbeva, touchpads). Ndokunge, application (somuenzaniso, browser kana text editor) iyo inoshandurwa mu "graphics" haidi kuziva mashandisirwo ekushanda nemidziyo, uye haidi kuziva nezve vatyairi. X Window inotarisira zvese izvi.
Kana uchitaura nezve Display Server, kwemakore mazhinji muLinux, uye kunyangwe muUnix, iko kushandiswa kwairehwa kana mumutauro wakafanana X (X).
Iye zvino kugovera kwakawanda kuri kutsiva X .
Unogonawo kuverenga:
- ,
- ,
- (inoda kuvhura graphical application kure, semuenzaniso uchishandisa PuTTY).
Chekutanga, ngatitangei ma X uye akati wandei ma graphical application mavari.
Workshop "inomhanyisa X uye maapplication mairi"
Ndichaita zvese kubva kune ichangobva kugadzirwa webinruser mushandisi (zvingave zviri nyore, asi zvisina kuchengetedzeka, kuita zvese semudzi).
- Sezvo X ichida kuwana zvishandiso, ini ndinopa mukana: Rondedzero yemidziyo yakatemwa nekutarisa kukanganisa pakatanga X mulog (/home/webinaruser/.local/share/xorg/Xorg.77.log)
% sudo setfacl -m u:webinaruser:rw /dev/tty8 /dev/dri/card0 /dev/fb0 /dev/input/*
- Mushure meizvozvo ndinovhura X's:
% X -retro :77 vt8 &
Sarudzo: * -retro - vhura ne "grey" yekirasi kumashure, uye kwete nedema seyekutanga; * :77 - Ndakaisa (chero mukati mechikamu chinogoneka zvinogoneka, chete :0 ingangove yakagarwa neyakatogara iri girafu) nhamba yechidzitiro, chaizvo imwe mhando yechiziviso chakasarudzika iyo zvinogoneka kusiyanisa akati wandei anomhanya maX; * vt8 - inoratidza iyo terminal, pano /dev/tty8, iyo X icharatidzwa).
- Tangisa graphical application:
Kuti tiite izvi, isu tinotanga kuseta shanduko iyo iyo application ichanzwisisa kuti ndeipi yeXs yandiri kumhanya kutumira izvo zvinoda kudhonzwa:
% export DISPLAY=":77"
Unogona kuona runyorwa rwekumhanya Xs seizvi:
ps -fwwC X
Mushure mekunge taseta shanduko, tinogona kuvhura maapplication muXs edu - semuenzaniso, ini ndinovhura wachi:
% xclock -update 1 &
% xcalc &
% xeyes -g 200x150-300+50 &
Mazano makuru uye mhedziso kubva pachidimbu ichi:
- X inoda kuwana zvishandiso: terminal, vhidhiyo kadhi, michina yekupinza,
- Iwo maXs pachawo haaratidze chero maficha zvinhu - igrey (kana iine "--retro" sarudzo) kana dema canvas yemamwe saizi (semuenzaniso, 1920x1080 kana 1024x768) kuitira kuti umhanye magraphic application mairi.
- Kufamba kwe "muchinjikwa" kunoratidza kuti maXs anoteedzera chinzvimbo chegonzo uye kuendesa ruzivo urwu kune maapplication ari mairi.
- X's zvakare inobata makiyi pane keyboard uye kuendesa ruzivo urwu kune maapplication.
- Iyo DISPLAY inoshanduka inotaurira graphical application mune iyo skrini (yese maX anotangwa aine yakasarudzika nhamba yechidzitiro pakutanga), uye saka ndeipi yeavo vari kumhanya pamushini wangu, maX anozoda kudhonzwa. (Zvinogoneka zvakare kudoma muchina uri kure mune ino chinja uye kutumira inobuda kuXs ichimhanya pane mumwe muchina pane network.) Sezvo Xs yakatangwa pasina -auth sarudzo, hapana chikonzero chekubata neiyo XAUTHORITY musiyano kana xhost. command.
- Graphical application (kana sevanodaidza X vatengi) inopihwa muX's - pasina kugona kufamba/kuvhara/kuchinja "-g (Width)x(Height)+(OffsetFromLeftEdge)+(OffsetFromTopEdge)". Nechiratidzo chekubvisa, zvichiteerana, kubva kurudyi uye kubva kumucheto wezasi.
- Matemu maviri akakodzera kutaurwa: X-server (ndizvo zvinodaidzwa neX) uye X-vatengi (ndizvo zvinonzi chero graphical application inomhanya muX's). Pane kuvhiringika kudiki mukunzwisisa iri temu; vazhinji vanoinzwisisa zvakapesana. Kana ini ndikabatanidza kubva ku "muchina wemutengi" (mune kure kure yekuwana terminology) kuenda ku "server" (mune kure kure yekuwana terminology) kuitira kuratidza graphical application kubva kune server pamonitor yangu, ipapo X server inotanga pa muchina uko mucherechedzo (kureva, pa "muchina wevatengi", kwete pa "server"), uye X vatengi vanotanga uye vanomhanya pa "server", kunyangwe ivo vachiratidzwa pane yekutarisa ye "mutengi muchina".
DE components
Tevere, ngatitarisei zvikamu zvinowanzogadzira desktop.
DE Zvikamu: Kutanga Bhatani uye Taskbar
Ngatitange neinonzi "Start" bhatani. Kazhinji iyi ndiyo applet yakasiyana inoshandiswa mu "Taskbar". Iko kune zvakare kazhinji applet yekuchinja pakati pekushandisa maapplication.
Ndatarisa nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzedesktop, ndaizopfupisa zvikumbiro zvakadaro pasi pezita rekuti "Apps Manager (Launcher/Switcher)", kureva, chishandiso chekugadzirisa maapplication (kutangisa uye kushandura pakati peanomhanya), uye zvakare kuratidza zvinoshandiswa zviri muenzaniso werudzi urwu rwekushandisa.
- Inouya muchimiro chebhatani re "Tanga" pane yekirasi (hurefu hwese hweimwe yemipendero yechidzitiro) "Taskbar":
○ xfce4-panel,
○ mate-panel/gnome-panel,
○ vala-panel,
○ tint2. - Iwe unogona zvakare kuve neyakaparadzana "MacOS-yakaita bhara rebasa" (kwete hurefu hwakazara hwemupendero wechidzitiro), kunyangwe akawanda mabharaki ebasa anogona kuoneka mumataera ese ari maviri. Pano, pane kudaro, musiyano mukuru unongoonekwa - kuvapo kwe "pictogram yekuwedzera maitiro pane hover."
○ docky,
○ latte-dock,
○ cairo-dock,
○ puranga. - Uye/Kana sevhisi inotangisa maapplication paunodzvanya hotkeys (munzvimbo zhinji dzedesktop, chimwe chinhu chakafanana chinodiwa uye chinokutendera kuti ugadzirise ako ega hotkeys):
○ sxhkd.
- Kune zvakare akasiyana menyu-akaumbwa "vatambi" (kubva kuChirungu Launch (kutanga)):
○ dmenu-run,
○ rofi -show yakadhakwa,
○ Albert,
○ grun.
DE components: WM (Window Manager)
WM (Window Manager) - application ine basa rekutonga windows, inowedzera kugona ku:
- kufamba windows kutenderedza desktop (kusanganisira iyo yakajairwa nekubata pasi Alt kiyi pane chero chikamu chehwindo, kwete chete bhari rezita);
- resizing windows, semuenzaniso, nekukwevera "window frame";
- inowedzera "zita" uye mabhatani ekudzikisa / kuwedzera / kuvhara application kune yehwindo interface;
- pfungwa yekushandiswa kuri mu "focus".
Ini ndichanyora zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa (mumaparentheses ini ndinoratidza kuti DE inoshandiswa neiyo default):
- (GNOME3)
- (Mate)
- (GNOME2)
- (Sinamoni)
- (KDE)
- (XFCE),
- .
Ini zvakare ndichanyora "yekare WM ine DE zvinhu". Avo. kuwedzera kune maneja wehwindo, vane zvinhu zvakaita se "Start" bhatani uye "Taskbar", izvo zvinonyanya kufanana neakazara-akazara DE. Kunyangwe, "vakura" sei kana vese IceWM neWindowMaker vakatoburitsa shanduro dzavo dzakagadziridzwa muna 2020. Zvinoitika kuti zvakanyatsorurama kwete "chekare", asi "vekare-kare":
- ,
- ,
- , , , ,
- ...
Pamusoro peiyo "classic" ("stack hwindo mamaneja"), inofanirwa kutaurwa zvakanyanya , iyo inokutendera iwe kuti uise windows "matairi" pahwindo rese, pamwe neamwe maapplication desktop yakaparadzana yega yega yakatangwa application pachiratidziro chose. Ichi chinhu chisina kujairika kune vanhu vasina kumbozvishandisa, asi sezvo ini pachangu ndanga ndichishandisa chimiro chakadaro kwenguva yakareba, ndinogona kutaura kuti zviri nyore uye iwe unokurumidza kujairana neiyo interface, mushure meizvozvo. "Classic" mahwindo mamaneja haachaite seakanakira.
- ,
- ,
- ,
- ,
- ,
- qtile,
- bspwm,
- herbstluftwm,
- ...
- mapatya
- .
Iyo purojekiti inofanirwawo kutaurwa zvakasiyana uye pfungwa yakadai se "Composite Window Manager", iyo inoshandisa hardware acceleration capabilities kuratidza pachena, mimvuri, uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvitatu-dimensional migumisiro. Anenge makore gumi apfuura pakanga paine boom mu10D mhedzisiro paLinux desktops. Mazuva ano, mazhinji emaneja emahwindo akavakirwa muDE anoita chikamu chekushandisa kweanosanganiswa kugona. Ichangobva kuonekwa - chigadzirwa chine mashandiro akafanana neCompiz yeWayland.
Rondedzero yakadzama yeakasiyana mamaneja emahwindo anogona kuwanikwa zvakare mukati .
DE components: kuzorora
Izvo zvakakoshawo kucherechedza zvinotevera zvikamu zvedesktop (pano ini ndinoshandisa mazwi akasimbiswa echiRungu kutsanangura rudzi rwekushandisa - aya haasi mazita ezvishandiso pachazvo):
- Maapuro:
- Software (Widget toolkit) - kazhinji imwe "minimum set" yesoftware inopihwa nenharaunda:
DE (Desktop Environment)
Kubva pane zviri pamusoro apa, iyo inonzi "Desktop Dhizaini Nzvimbo" inowanikwa. Kazhinji zvikamu zvaro zvese zvinogadzirwa uchishandisa iwo magiraibhurari emifananidzo uye kushandisa iwo magadzirirwo akafanana. Nokudaro, pane zvishoma, maitiro akazara ekuonekwa kwezvikumbiro anochengetwa.
Pano tinogona kuratidza zvinotevera zviripo parizvino desktop nharaunda:
GNOME neKDE zvinoonekwa seakanyanya kuwanda, uye XFCE iri padyo pazvitsitsinho zvavo.
Kuenzanisa kwezvimiro zvakasiyana-siyana muchimiro chetafura kunogona kuwanikwa mune inoenderana .
DE zvakasiyana-siyana
Kune kunyange mienzaniso inonakidza yakadaro kubva munhoroondo: muna 2003-2007, "3D desktop dhizaini" yakaitirwa Linux ine zita rekuti "Project Looking Glass" kubva kuZuva. Ini pachangu ndakashandisa iyi desktop, kana kuti "kutamba" nayo, sezvo zvaive zvakaoma kushandisa. Iyi "3D dhizaini" yakanyorwa muJava panguva iyo pakanga pasina makadhi evhidhiyo ane 3D rutsigiro. Naizvozvo, mhedzisiro yese yakaverengerwazve ne processor, uye komputa yaifanira kunge ine simba kwazvo, zvikasadaro zvese zvakashanda zvishoma nezvishoma. Asi zvakazonaka. Matairi ekushandisa ane mativi matatu anogona kutenderedzwa/kuwedzerwa. Zvaikwanisika kutenderera muhumburumbira yedesktop ine Wallpaper kubva pa360-degree panorama. Paive nemaapplication akati wandei akanaka: semuenzaniso, kuteerera mimhanzi nenzira ye "kuchinja maCD", nezvimwe. Unogona kuiona paYouTube. nezve purojekiti iyi, mhando yemavhidhiyo aya chete ndiyo ingangove yakashata, sezvo mumakore iwayo zvaisaita kurodha emhando yepamusoro mavhidhiyo.
Yakareruka desktop. Iyo purojekiti yave iripo kwenguva yakareba, kubvira 1996. Mumakore achangopfuura, yanga yakakurumbira, kupesana neinorema KDE neGNOME, pane akawanda magovera ayo anoda kuremerwa uye "classic" desktop desktop. Iine zvirongwa zvakawanda uye nhamba huru yezvirongwa zvayo: terminal (xfce4-terminal), faira maneja (thunar), mufananidzo wekuona (ristretto), text editor (mousepad).
Inoshandiswa mukugovera Elementary OS. Pano tinogona kutaura kuti kune "desktops" inogadzirwa uye inoshandiswa mukati mekugoverwa kwakasiyana uye haina kunyanya kushandiswa (kana "isina kushandiswa zvachose") mune kumwe kugoverwa. Zvirinani ivo havasati vawana mukurumbira uye kutendesa vazhinji vevateereri nezvezvakanakira maitiro avo. Pantheon ine chinangwa chekuvaka chimiro chakafanana ne macOS.
Sarudzo ine dock panel:
Kutarisisa kwakasimba pane graphical mhedzisiro uye majeti (kubva pamazuva apo dzimwe nzvimbo dzedesktop dzaive dzisina majeti edesktop sekarenda / wachi). Inoshandisa maraibhurari ayo. Kune yakakura seti yeyayo "yakanaka" maapplication: terminal ( Terminology), vhidhiyo inoridza (Rage), mufananidzo wekuona (Ephoto).
Iyi iforogo yeKuvhenekera17, iyo inoshandiswa mukugoverwa kweBodhiLinux.
Pakutanga, "classic" desktop interface, yakagadzirwa kupesana neKDE, iyo yakanyorwa muraibhurari yeQT, panguva iyoyo yakagoverwa pasi perezinesi rakanga risiri nyore kugovera kutengeserana.
Kubva pane yechitatu vhezheni, GNOME yakatanga kuuya neGNOME Shell, ine "isina-classic kutaridzika", iyo isiri yevashandisi vese vaifarira (chero shanduko dzinongoerekana dzaitika muinterface dzakaoma kuti vashandisi vagamuchire). Nekuda kweizvozvo, kubuda kwemapurojekiti eforogo anoenderera mberi nekuvandudzwa kwedesktop iyi mu "classic" maitiro: MATE neCinnamon. Inoshandiswa nekusarudzika mukugovera kwakawanda kwekutengesa. Iine nhamba huru yezvigadziro uye mashandisirwo ayo.
Yakabuda kubva kuGNOME2 uye inoramba ichigadzira iyi dhizaini nharaunda. Iine nhamba huru yezvigadziro uye maforogo ekushandisa akashandiswa kumashure muGNOME2 (mazita matsva anoshandiswa) kuitira kuti asavhiringidze maforogo neshanduro yavo itsva yeGNOME3).
Forogo yeGNOME Shell inopa vashandisi ne "classic" chimiro chechimiro (sezvazvaive zvakaita muGNOME2).
Iyo ine nhamba huru yezvirongwa uye zvakafanana maapplication eGNOME Shell.
Iyo "classic" chimiro cheforogo yeGNOME iyo yakagadziridzwa sechikamu chekugovera kweSolus, asi ikozvino inouyawo sedesktop yakamira pane zvimwe zvakagoverwa.
(kana sekudanwa kwazvinoitwa, kungoti KDE)
Nzvimbo yedesktop yakagadzirwa neiyo KDE chirongwa.
Iyo ine huwandu hukuru hwezvigadziriso zvinowanikwa kune ari nyore mushandisi kubva kune graphical interface uye akawanda graphical maapplication akagadzirwa mukati meiyo desktop desktop.
Muna 2008, KDE yakaburitsa kuita kwayo kutsva kweKDE Plasma (injini yedesktop yakanyorwa zvakanyanya). Zvakare, sezvakaita neGNOME/MATE, havasi vese vateveri veKDE vakaifarira. Nekuda kweizvozvo, forogo yeprojekiti yakaonekwa, ichienderera mberi nekuvandudzwa kweshanduro yapfuura, inonzi TDE (Trinity Desktop Environment).
Imwe yenzvimbo itsva dzedesktop yakanyorwa uchishandisa Qt (iyo KDE yakanyorwa pairi). Iyo ine akawanda marongero uye yakanaka kwazvo (kunyangwe iyi iri pfungwa yekuzvimiririra) uye yakagadziridzwa interface. Yakagadziridzwa sechikamu cheDeepin Linux kugovera. Kune zvakare mapakeji ekumwe kugovera
nhunzi
Muenzaniso wenzvimbo yedesktop yakanyorwa uchishandisa Qt. Yakagadziridzwa sechikamu chekugoverwa kweAstra Linux.
Yakareruka desktop nharaunda. Semienzaniso yakati wandei yapfuura, yakanyorwa pachishandiswa Qt. Muchokwadi, kuenderera mberi kwechirongwa cheLXDE uye mhedzisiro yekubatanidzwa neRazor-qt chirongwa.
Sezvauri kuona, iyo desktop muLinux inogona kutaridzika zvakasiyana uye kune yakakodzera interface yekuravira kwemunhu wese: kubva pakunaka kwazvo uye ine 3D mhedzisiro kuenda kune minimalistic, kubva "classic" kusvika kune isingawanzo, kubva kushingaira kushandisa system zviwanikwa kusvika kureru, kubva kuhombe. skrini kune mahwendefa / smartphones.
Zvakanaka, ndinoda kutarisira kuti ndakakwanisa kupa pfungwa yekuti ndezvipi zvikamu zvikuru zvemifananidzo uye desktop muLinux OS.
Zvinyorwa zvechinyorwa ichi zvakaedzwa muna Chikunguru 2020 pane webinar. Unogona kuzvionera .
Ndizvo zvose. Ndinovimba izvi zvakabatsira. Kana iwe uine chero mibvunzo kana mhinduro, ndapota nyora. Ndichafara kupindura. Zvakanaka, huya udzidze pa !
Source: www.habr.com