Nzira yekusarudza kuchengetedza pasina kuzvipfura iwe mutsoka

Nhanganyaya

Inguva yekutenga kuchengetedza. Ndoupi wekutora, ndiani wekuteerera? Mutengesi A anotaura pamusoro pemutengesi B, uye ipapo pane musanganisi C, uyo anotaura zvinopesana uye anopa mazano mutengesi D. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, kunyange ane ruzivo rwekuchengetedza architect musoro unotenderera, kunyanya nevose vatengesi vatsva uye SDS uye hyperconvergence iyo iri fashoni. nhasi.

Saka, unozviona sei zvese uye kwete kupedzisira wave benzi? Isu (AntonVirtual Anton Zhbankov uye corp Evgeniy Elizarov) ngatiedzei kutaura pamusoro peizvi mumutauro wechiRussian.
Chinyorwa chine zvakawanda zvakafanana uye chiri kuwedzera kwe "Virtualized data center design” maererano nekusarudza masisitimu ekuchengetera uye kuongorora matekinoroji ekuchengeta. Tichatarisa muchidimbu dzidziso huru, asi tinokurudzira kuti iwe uverengewo chinyorwa ichi.

Nei

Iwe unogona kazhinji kuona mamiriro ezvinhu apo munhu mutsva anouya kuforamu kana kukurukura kwakasarudzika, senge Storage Hurukuro, uye anobvunza mubvunzo: "pano vanondipa maviri ekuchengetedza sarudzo - ABC SuperStorage S600 uye XYZ HyperOcean 666v4, chii chaunorumbidza ?”

Uye kuvhiringidzika kunotanga pamusoro pekuti ndiani ane maitiro ekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinotyisa uye zvisinganzwisisiki, izvo kune munhu asina kugadzirira ari chiChinese zvachose.

Saka, kiyi uye yekutanga mubvunzo waunofanirwa kuzvibvunza iwe nguva refu usati waenzanisa zvakatemwa muzvikumbiro zvekutengesa ndewe NEI? Nei iyi gadziriro yekuchengetedza ichidikanwa?

Mhinduro ichave isingatarisirwi, uye yakanyanya Tony Robbins maitiro - kuchengetedza data. Ndatenda, mutungamiri! Uye zvakadaro, dzimwe nguva tinodzika zvakanyanya mukuenzanisa zvinhu zvekuti tinokanganwa kuti sei tiri kuita zvese izvi pekutanga.

Saka, basa rekuchengetedza data kuchengetedza uye kupa mukana kune DATA nekuita kwakapihwa. Tinotanga nedata.

dhata

Data type

Imhandoi yedata yatinoronga kuchengeta? Mubvunzo unokosha zvikuru unogona kubvisa zvirongwa zvakawanda zvekuchengetedza kubva kunyange kufunga. Somuenzaniso, unoronga kuchengeta mavhidhiyo nemifananidzo. Iwe unogona nekukasira kuyambuka masisitimu akagadzirirwa kuwana zvisina kujairika mumabhururu madiki, kana masisitimu ane hunyanzvi maficha mukumanikidza / kudonhedza. Aya angangove ari masisitimu akanaka, isu hatidi kutaura chero chakaipa. Asi mune iyi kesi, masimba avo angave asina simba (vhidhiyo uye mapikicha haana kumanikidzwa) kana kungowedzera zvakanyanya mutengo weiyo system.

Sezvineiwo, kana iyo yakanangwa kushandiswa iri yakabatikana transactional DBMS, saka yakanakisa multimedia yekufambisa masisitimu inokwanisa kuburitsa gigabytes pasekondi ichave yakashata sarudzo.

Data volume

Yakawanda sei data yatinoronga kuchengeta? Huwandu hunogara huchikura kuita hunhu; izvi hazvifanirwe kukanganwika, kunyanya munguva yedu yekukura kukuru muhuwandu hwe data. Petabyte-kirasi masisitimu haasisina kujairika, asi iyo yakakura iyo petabyte kugona, iyo yakanyanya kujeka sisitimu inova, iyo isingasvikike yenguva dzose inoshanda yediki uye yepakati-saizi yekusangana masisitimu ichave. Izvo zvidiki nekuti iyo block yekuwana manhamba matafura ega anove akakura kupfuura huwandu huripo hwe RAM pane vanodzora. Tisingatauri kumanikidza / tiering. Ngatitii tinoda kushandura iyo compression algorithm kune imwe ine simba uye kumanikidza makumi maviri petabytes yedata. Zvinotora nguva yakareba sei: mwedzi mitanhatu, gore?

Kune rimwe divi, sei uchinetseka kana iwe uchida kuchengeta uye kugadzirisa 500 GB yedata? 500 chete. Mhuri SSDs (ine yakaderera DWPD) yesaizi iyi haina mari. Sei uchigadzira fekitori yeFiber Channel uye uchitenga yakakwirira-yekupedzisira ekunze masisitimu ekuchengetedza ayo anodhura zvakaenzana nezambuko resimbi rakakandwa?

Ndeipi muzana yehuwandu hwe data inopisa? Ko mutoro wacho hauna kuenzana sei maererano nehuwandu hwe data? Apa ndipo panowanikwa tekinoroji yekuchengetedza tekinoroji kana Flash Cache inogona kubatsira zvakanyanya kana huwandu hwe data inopisa idiki kana ichienzaniswa neiyo yakazara. Kana zvinopesana, ine yunifomu mutoro mukati mevhoriyamu yese, iyo inowanzo kuwanikwa mukushambadzira masisitimu (video surveillance, mamwe analytics masisitimu), matekinoroji akadaro haape chero chinhu uye anongowedzera mutengo / kuoma kwehurongwa.

ИС

Rumwe rutivi rwe data ndiyo hurongwa hwemashoko hunoshandisa data. Iyo IS ine seti yezvinodiwa zvinogara nhaka data. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve IS, ona "Virtualized Data Center Dhizaini."

Resiliency/Kuwanikwa Zvinodiwa

Zvinodiwa zvekutadza kushivirira / kuwanikwa kwedata zvakagarwa kubva kuIS vachizvishandisa uye zvinoratidzwa munhamba nhatu - RPO, OTR, kuwanikwa.

Kuwanika - mugove wenguva yakatarwa panguva iyo data iripo yekushanda navo. Kazhinji inoratidzwa senhamba ye9. Semuenzaniso, zvipfumbamwe zviviri pagore zvinoreva kuti kuwanikwa kune 99%, kana zvimwe 95 maawa ekushayikwa pagore anobvumirwa. Zvitatu zvipfumbamwe - maawa 9,5 pagore.

RPO / RTO haisi zviratidzo zvakakwana, asi kune chimwe nechimwe chiitiko (tsaona), mukupesana nekuwanikwa.

RPO - huwandu hwe data yakarasika panguva yetsaona (mumaawa). Semuenzaniso, kana ma backups akaitika kamwe pazuva, ipapo RPO = maawa makumi maviri nemana. Avo. Muchiitiko chenjodzi uye kurasikirwa kwakakwana kwegadziriro yekuchengetedza, data kusvika kumaawa makumi maviri nemana inogona kurasikirwa (kubva panguva yekuchengetedza). Zvichienderana neRPO yakatsanangurwa yeIS, semuenzaniso, mirau yekuchengetedza inonyorwa. Zvakare, zvichibva paRPO, unogona kunzwisisa kuti yakawanda sei synchronous / asynchronous data replication inodiwa.

OTR - nguva yekudzoreredza sevhisi (data yekuwana) mushure menjodzi. Kubva pane yakapihwa RTO kukosha, tinogona kunzwisisa kana metro cluster ichidikanwa, kana kuti unidirectional kudzokorora kwakaringana. Iwe unoda hi-end kirasi yakawanda-controller yekuchengetedza system?

Performance Zvinodiwa

Kunyangwe uyu uri mubvunzo uri pachena, ndipo panomuka matambudziko mazhinji. Zvichienderana nekuti iwe unotova nemhando yezvivakwa kana kwete, nzira dzekuunganidza dzinodiwa nhamba dzichavakwa.

Iwe unotova negadziriro yekuchengetedza uye uri kutsvaga yekutsiva kana kuda kutenga imwe yekuwedzera. Zvose zviri nyore pano. Iwe unonzwisisa kuti ndeapi masevhisi aunotova nawo uye aunoronga kuita munguva pfupi iri kutevera. Zvichienderana nemasevhisi azvino, une mukana wekuunganidza maitiro ekuita. Sarudza pane yazvino nhamba yeIOPS uye yazvino latency - zvii izvi zviratidzo uye zvakaringana kumabasa ako? Izvi zvinogona kuitwa zvese pane data rekuchengetedza system pachayo uye kubva kune mauto akabatana kwairi.

Uyezve, iwe unofanirwa kutarisa kwete chete pamutoro wezvino, asi pane imwe nguva (zvichida mwedzi). Ona kuti mapikisi epamusoro ndeapi mukati mezuva, chii chinogadzirwa ne backup, nezvimwe. Kana yako yekuchengetedza sisitimu kana software yayo isingakupi seti yakakwana yedata iyi, unogona kushandisa yemahara RRDtool, iyo inogona kushanda neakawanda eanonyanyo kufarirwa masisitimu ekuchengetedza uye switch uye inogona kukupa yakadzama maitiro ekuita. Izvo zvakakodzerawo kutarisa mutoro kune mauto anoshanda neiyi yekuchengetedza sisitimu, kune chaiwo chaiwo michina, kana chii chaizvo chiri kushanda pane ino host.

Zvakakosha kucherechedza zvakasiyana kuti kana kunonoka kwevhoriyamu uye dhatabhesi iri pavhoriyamu iyi zvakasiyana zvakanyanya, iwe unofanirwa kuterera kune yako SAN network, pane mukana wakakura wekuti kune matambudziko nawo uye usati watenga itsva. system, zvakakodzera kutarisa munyaya iyi, nokuti pane mukana mukuru wekuwedzera kushanda kwegadziriro yezvino.

Iwe uri kuvaka chivakwa kubva kutanga, kana kutenga sisitimu yeimwe sevhisi nyowani, mitoro yausingazive nezvayo. Pane akati wandei sarudzo: taurirana nevaunoshanda navo pane yakasarudzika zviwanikwa kuyedza kutsvaga uye kufanotaura mutoro, bata musanganisi ane ruzivo mukuita masevhisi akafanana uye anogona kukuverengera mutoro. Uye sarudzo yechitatu (kazhinji inonyanya kuoma, kunyanya kana ine chekuita nekunyora-kumba kana zvisingawanzo kunyorera) ndeyekuyedza kutsvaga mashandiro ekuita kubva kune vanogadzira system.

Uye, ndapota cherechedza, sarudzo yakanyatsonaka kubva pakuona kwekushanda kwekushanda ndeye mutyairi wezvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano, kana midziyo yakapiwa kuongororwa nemutengesi / musanganisi.

Zvinodiwa zvakakosha

Zvinodiwa zvakakosha ndezvese zvisingawire pasi pezvinodiwa pakuita, kukanganisa kushivirira uye kushanda kwekugadzirisa kwakananga uye kupihwa kwedata.

Chimwe chezvakareruka zvakakosha zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza data system inogona kunzi "alienable storage media". Uye zvinobva zvajeka kuti iyi data yekuchengetedza system inofanirwa kusanganisira raibhurari yematepi kana kungoita tepi drive panorasirwa kopi yekuchengetedza. Pashure pacho munhu akanyatso rovedzwa anosaina tepi uye nokuzvikudza anoitakura achienda nayo kunzvimbo inokosha.
Mumwe muenzaniso wechinhu chakakosha chinodiwa ndeye yakachengetedzwa shockproof dhizaini.

Kupi

Chechipiri chikamu chikuru pakusarudza imwe yekuchengetedza sisitimu ruzivo nezve PAPI iyi yekuchengetedza system ichave iri. Kutanga kubva ku geography kana mamiriro ekunze, uye kupera nevashandi.

Mutengi

Iyi sisitimu yekuchengetera yakarongerwa ani? Mubvunzo une zvikonzero zvinotevera:

Hurumende mutengi/mutengesi.
Mutengi wekutengesa haana zvirambidzo uye haatombosungirwi kubata matende, kunze kwekuenderana nemitemo yayo yemukati.

Mutengi wehurumende inyaya yakasiyana. 44 Federal Law uye zvimwe zvinonakidzwa nematenda uye tekinoroji maratidziro anogona kupikiswa.

Mutengi ari pasi pezvirango
Zvakanaka, mubvunzo uri pano uri nyore - sarudzo inogumira chete nezvipo zvinowanikwa kune akapihwa mutengi.

Mitemo yemukati / vatengesi / modhi inotenderwa kutenga
Mubvunzo zvakare wakapusa zvakanyanya, asi iwe unofanirwa kuurangarira.

Kupi panyama

Muchikamu chino tinotarisisa nyaya dzese ne geography, nzira dzekutaurirana, uye microclimate munzvimbo yekugara.

Vashandi

Ndiani achashanda neiyi yekuchengetedza system? Izvi hazvina kukosha pane izvo zvinogona kuitwa nehurongwa hwekuchengetedza.
Hazvina mhosva kuti inovimbisa sei, inotonhorera uye inoshamisa sei sisitimu yekuchengetera kubva kune mutengesi A, panogona kunge paine diki yekuimisa kana vashandi vachiziva chete kushanda nemutengesi B, uye hapana hurongwa hwekumwe kutenga uye kuenderera mberi nekushandira pamwe naA.

Uye zvechokwadi, rimwe divi remubvunzo nderokuti vashandi vakadzidziswa varipo sei munzvimbo yakapihwa zvakananga mukambani uye pamwe pamusika wevashandi. Kumatunhu, kusarudza masisitimu ekuchengetera ane nyore interfaces kana kugona kuisa kure nechepakati manejimendi kunogona kuita zvakawanda pfungwa. Zvikasadaro, pane imwe nguva zvinogona kurwadza zvakanyanya. Indaneti izere nenyaya pamusoro pekuti mushandi mutsva akasvika sei, mudzidzi wezuro, akagadzira chinhu chakadaro zvokuti hofisi yose yakaurayiwa.

Nzvimbo

Uye zvechokwadi, mubvunzo wakakosha ndewekuti inzvimbo ipi iyo inochengeterwa system ichashanda.

• Zvakadini nekupa magetsi/kutonhora?
• Ko kubatana
• Ichaiswa kupi?
• Etc.

Kakawanda mibvunzo iyi inotorwa uye isingatarisirwi zvakanyanya, asi dzimwe nguva ndiyo inogona kushandura zvinhu zvose.

Chii

Mutengesi

Kubva nhasi (pakati pa2019), musika wekuchengetera weRussia unogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zvishanu:

1. Chikamu chepamusoro-soro makambani akanyatsogadziriswa ane akawanda masherufu edhisiki kubva kune akareruka kusvika kune hi-end (HPE, DellEMC, Hitachi, NetApp, IBM / Lenovo)
2. Chikamu chechipiri - makambani ane mutsara wakaganhurirwa, niche vatambi, vakakomba vatengesi veSDS kana vanokwira vanouya (Fujitsu, Datacore, Infinidat, Huawei, Pure, nezvimwewo)
3. Chikamu chechitatu - niche mhinduro mune yakaderera yekupedzisira chinzvimbo, yakachipa SDS, zvigadzirwa zvepamberi zvakavakirwa paceph uye mamwe mapurojekiti akavhurika (Infortrend, Starwind, nezvimwewo)
4. SOHO chikamu - madiki uye ekupedzisira-madiki ekuchengetera masisitimu eimba / diki hofisi level (Synology, QNAP, nezvimwewo)
5. Kupinza-inotsiva kuchengetedza masisitimu - izvi zvinosanganisira zvese zviri zviviri Hardware yechikamu chekutanga chine mazita akanyorwazve, uye zvisingawanzo vamiriri vechipiri (RAIDIX, tichavapa yechipiri pachine nguva), asi kunyanya ichi chikamu chechitatu (Aerodisk, Baum, Depo, nezvimwewo)

Kupatsanurwa kwacho kunopokana, uye hazvireve zvachose kuti chikamu chechitatu kana cheSOHO chakashata uye hachigone kushandiswa. Mune mapurojekiti akajeka akatsanangurwa seti uye kurodha chimiro, anogona kushanda zvakanaka kwazvo, achipfuura chikamu chekutanga maererano nemutengo / mhando reshiyo. Izvo zvakakosha kuti utange wafunga nezvezvinangwa zvako, tarisiro yekukura, uye inodiwa mashandiro - uye ipapo Synology ichakushandira iwe wakatendeka, uye bvudzi rako richava rakapfava uye rakapfava.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha pakusarudza mutengesi inzvimbo yazvino. Mangani masisitimu ekuchengetedza aunotova nawo uye ndeapi masisitimu ekuchengetedza mainjiniya ako anogona kushanda nawo. Iwe unoda mumwe mutengesi, imwe nzvimbo yekubatana, iwe zvishoma nezvishoma uchatamisa mutoro wese kubva kune mutengesi A kuenda kune mutengesi B?

Munhu haafanire kuburitsa masangano kupfuura zvinodiwa.

iSCSI/FC/Faira

Iko hakuna kubvumirana pakati pemainjiniya panhau yekuwana maprotocol, uye gakava rakafanana nehurukuro dzebhaibheri kupfuura dzeinjiniya. Asi kazhinji, zvinotevera zvinogona kucherechedzwa:

FCoE vakafa pane vapenyu.

FC vs iSCSI. Imwe yemabhenefiti akakosha eFC muna 2019 pamusoro peIP chengetedzo, fekitori yakatsaurirwa yekuwana data, inogadziriswa neyakazvitsaurira IP network. FC haina mabhenefiti epasi rose pamusoro pe IP network, uye IP inogona kushandiswa kuvaka masisitimu ekuchengetedza chero nhanho yekutakura, kusvika kune masisitimu anorema DBMS eiyo core banking system yebhangi hombe. Nekune rumwe rutivi, kufa kweFC kwakaporofitwa kwemakore akati wandei ikozvino, asi chimwe chinhu chiri kuramba chichidzivirira. Nhasi, semuenzaniso, vamwe vatambi mumusika wekuchengetedza vari kushingaira kusimudzira NVMEoF standard. Kunyangwe iye achagovera mugumo weFCoE - nguva ichataura.

File access hachisiwo chimwe chinhu chisina kukodzera kutariswa. NFS/CIFS inoita zvakanaka munzvimbo dzekubereka uye, kana yakagadzirwa nemazvo, haina zvimwe zvichemo kupfuura block protocol.

Hybrid / Yese Flash Array

Classic ekuchengetedza masisitimu anouya mumhando mbiri:

1. AFA (All Flash Array) - masisitimu akagadziridzwa kushandiswa kweSSD.
2. Hybrid - inokutendera iwe kushandisa ese ari maviri HDD uye SSD kana musanganiswa wazvo.

Musiyano wavo mukuru ndeye inotsigirwa kuchengetedza inoshanda matekinoroji uye yakanyanya mwero wekuita (yakakwira IOPS uye yakaderera latency). Masisitimu ese ari maviri (mune mazhinji emhando dzawo, kusaverengera yakaderera-yekupedzisira chikamu) anogona kushanda sese maviri block uye faira zvishandiso. Basa rinotsigirwa rinoenderana nehuwandu hwehurongwa, uye kune madiki mamodheru anowanzo kuderedzwa kusvika padiki nhanho. Izvi zvakakodzera kutarisisa paunenge uchidzidza maitiro eimwe modhi, uye kwete chete kugona kweiyo mutsara wakazara. Zvakare, hongu, maitiro ayo ehunyanzvi, akadai se processor, huwandu hwekuyeuka, cache, nhamba uye mhando dzezviteshi, nezvimwewo, zvinoenderanawo nehuwandu hwehurongwa. Kubva pane manejimendi ekuona, maAFA anosiyana kubva kune yakasanganiswa (dhisiki) masisitimu chete mukuitwa kwemaitiro ekushanda neSSD madhiraivha, uye kunyangwe ukashandisa SSD mune yakasanganiswa system, izvi hazvireve zvachose kuti uchakwanisa. kuti uwane mwero wekuita pamwero weiyo AFA system. Zvakare, muzviitiko zvakawanda, inline inobudirira kuchengetedza masisitimu akaremara pane yakasanganiswa masisitimu, uye kubatanidzwa kwavo kunotungamira mukurasikirwa mukuita.

Special storage systems

Pamusoro pezvakawanda-zvinangwa zvekuchengetera masisitimu, anotariswa zvakanyanya pakushanda kwedata data, kune akasarudzika masisitimu ekuchengetera ane akakosha masisitimu akasiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune akajairwa (yakaderera latency, yakakwira IOPS):

Media.

Aya masisitimu akagadzirirwa kuchengetedza uye kugadzirisa makuru midhiya mafaera. Resp. kunonoka kunobva kwaita kusakosha, uye kugona kutumira uye kugamuchira data mubhendi rakafara munzizi dzakawanda dzakafanana kunouya pamberi.

Deduplicate storage systems for backups.

Sezvo makopi ekuchengetedza achisiyaniswa nekufanana kwawo kune mumwe nemumwe, izvo zvisingawanzo pasi pemamiriro akajairwa (avhareji kopi yekuchengetera inosiyana nekopi yezuro ne1-2%), iyi kirasi yemasisitimu inorongedza zvakanyanya data rakanyorwa pavari mukati mediki. nhamba yezvinyorwa zvenyama. Semuenzaniso, mune dzimwe nguva, data compression ratios inogona kusvika 200 kusvika 1.

Zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza zvinhu.

Aya masisitimu ekuchengetera haana akajairwa block-yekupinda mavhoriyamu uye mafaera emasheya, uye mazhinji ezvese akafanana nehombe dhatabhesi. Kuwanikwa kwechinhu chakachengetwa muhurongwa hwakadaro kunoitwa neyakasarudzika identifier kana metadata (semuenzaniso, zvese zveJPEG fomati zvinhu zvine zuva rekugadzira pakati peXX-XX-XXXX neYY-YY-YYYY).

Compliance system.

Izvo hazvina kujairika muRussia nhasi, asi zvakakodzera kutaurwa. Chinangwa chemasisitimu akadaro anovimbiswa kuchengetedza data kutevedzera chengetedzo marongero kana zvinodikanwa zvekutonga. Mamwe masisitimu (semuenzaniso EMC Centera) aita basa rekurambidza kudzima data - kana kiyi ichingotenderedzwa uye system ichipinda mune iyi modhi, hapana maneja kana chero ani zvake anogona kudzima data rakatorekodhwa.

Proprietary technologies

Flash cache

Flash Cache izita rakajairika kune ese evaridzi matekinoroji ekushandisa flash memory seyechipiri-chikamu cache. Paunenge uchishandisa flash cache, iyo yekuchengetedza system inowanzoverengerwa kuti ipe mutoro wakatsiga kubva kune magineti disks, nepo peak inoshumirwa necache.

Muchiitiko ichi, zvinodikanwa kuti unzwisise iyo nhoroondo yekuremerwa uye dhigirii renzvimbo yekuwana mabhuraki emavhoriyamu ekuchengetedza. Flash cache i tekinoroji yekuremerwa kwebasa ine mibvunzo yakasarudzika, uye haishande pamavhoriyamu akaremerwa zvakafanana (senge ekuongorora masisitimu).

Pane maviri flash cache ekushandisa anowanikwa pamusika:

• Verenga Chete. Muchiitiko ichi, data yekuverenga chete inochengetwa, uye kunyora kunoenda zvakananga kuma disks. Vamwe vagadziri, seNetApp, vanotenda kuti kunyora kune avo ekuchengetedza masisitimu kwatove kwakaringana, uye cache haizobatsiri zvachose.
• Verenga/Nyora. Kwete kuverenga chete, asiwo kunyora kwakachengetwa, izvo zvinokutendera kuti uvhare rukova uye uderedze kukanganiswa kweRAID Chirango, uye semhedzisiro inowedzera kuita kwese kwekuchengetedza masisitimu ane kushomeka kwekunyora maitiro.

Tiering

Multi-level kuchengetedza (kunetesa) tekinoroji yekubatanidza mazinga ane akasiyana mazinga ekuita, akadai seSSD neHDD, kuita rimwe dhisiki dziva. Muchiitiko chekutaura kusaenzana kwekuwana zvidhinha zve data, iyo system inozokwanisa kuenzanisa zvidhinha zve data, kufambisa dzakaremerwa kune yakakwirira-yekuita nhanho, uye inotonhora, pane zvinopesana, kune inononoka.

Hybrid masisitimu epasi nepakati makirasi anoshandisa akawanda-level kuchengetedza nedata inofamba pakati pemazinga pane hurongwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, saizi yeakawanda-level yekuchengetedza yemhando yepamusoro ndeye 256 MB. Aya maficha haatibvumire kufunga tekinoroji yekuchengetedza tekinoroji tekinoroji yekuwedzera goho, sekutenda kunoita vanhu vazhinji zvisizvo. Multi-level kuchengetedza mune yakaderera- uye yepakati-kirasi masisitimu ndiyo tekinoroji yekugonesa mari yekuchengetera masisitimu ane akadudzwa mutoro kusaenzana.

Snapshot

Hazvina mhosva kuti isu tinotaura zvakawanda sei pamusoro pekuvimbika kwekuchengetedza masisitimu, kune mikana yakawanda yekurasikirwa nedata isingaenderane nezvinetso zvehardware. Izvi zvinogona kunge zviri mavhairasi, hackers kana chero kumwe kudzima nekusaziva / huwori hwe data. Nechikonzero ichi, kutsigira data rekugadzira chikamu chakakosha chebasa reinjiniya.

Snapshot ipfupiso yevhoriyamu pane imwe nguva nenguva. Paunenge uchishanda neakawanda masisitimu, senge virtualization, dhatabhesi, nezvimwe. tinoda kutora mufananidzo wakadaro kubva kwatinozokopa data kune kopi yekuchengetedza, nepo IS yedu ichizokwanisa kuenderera zvakachengeteka kushanda nevhoriyamu iyi. Asi zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti haasi ese mapikicha anobatsira zvakaenzana. Vatengesi vakasiyana vane nzira dzakasiyana dzekugadzira snapshots dzine chekuita nekuvaka kwavo.

CoW (Copy-On-Write). Paunoyedza kunyora dhizaini yedata, zvinyorwa zvayo zvepakutanga zvinoteedzerwa kunzvimbo yakakosha, mushure mezvo kunyora kunoenderera kazhinji. Izvi zvinodzivirira huwori hwe data mukati meiyo snapshot. Sezvingatarisirwa, ese aya "parasitic" data manipulations anokonzeresa kuwedzera mutoro pane yekuchengetedza sisitimu uye nekuda kweichi chikonzero, vatengesi vane mashandisirwo akafanana havakurudzire kushandisa zvinopfuura gumi nemaviri snapshots, uye kusaishandisa zvachose pamavhoriyamu akaremerwa.

RoW (Redirect-on-Write). Muchiitiko ichi, vhoriyamu yepakutanga inotonhora, uye kana ichiedza kunyora chivharo che data, iyo yekuchengetedza inonyora data kune imwe nzvimbo inokosha munzvimbo yakasununguka, ichishandura nzvimbo yevhavha iyi mutafura yemetadata. Izvi zvinokutendera kuti uderedze huwandu hwekunyorazve mashandiro, izvo zvinozopedzisira zvabvisa kudonha kwekuita uye kubvisa zvirambidzo pazvimedu uye nhamba yavo.

Snapshots zvakare ndeemhando mbiri dzine chekuita nemaapplication:

Kuenderana kwekushandisa. Panguva yekugadzira snapshot, iyo yekuchengetedza system inodhonza mumiriri mune yevatengi sisitimu yekushandisa, iyo nechisimba inobvisa disk cache kubva mundangariro kuenda ku diski uye inomanikidza application kuita izvi. Muchiitiko ichi, kana uchidzoreredza kubva pane snapshot, iyo data ichave yakafanana.

Kuparara kunoenderana. Muchiitiko ichi, hapana chakadaro chinoitika uye snapshot inogadzirwa sezvairi. Panyaya yekudzorera kubva pamufananidzo wakadaro, mufananidzo wacho wakafanana nezvingazoitika kana simba rikadzimwa kamwe kamwe uye kumwe kurasikirwa kwedata kunogoneka, kwakanamatira mu cache uye kusambosvika dhisiki. Mapikicha akadaro ari nyore kuita uye haakonzeri kukanganisa kwekuita mumashandisirwo, asi haana kuvimbika.

Sei snapshots ichidikanwa pane yekuchengetedza masisitimu?

• Agentless backup zvakananga kubva kune yekuchengetedza system
• Gadzira nzvimbo dzekuyedza zvichienderana nedata chairo
• Panyaya yemafaira ekuchengetera masisitimu, inogona kushandiswa kugadzira VDI nharaunda kuburikidza nekushandisa yekuchengetedza system snapshots panzvimbo ye hypervisor.
• Ita shuwa yakaderera maRPO nekugadzira yakarongwa snapshots pafrequency yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura iyo backup frequency

Cloning

Volume cloning - inoshanda pane imwechete musimboti se snapshots, asi inoshandiswa kwete chete kuverenga data, asi nekushanda nayo zvizere. Isu tinokwanisa kuwana kopi chaiyo yevhoriyamu yedu, ine data yese pairi, pasina kuita kopi yemuviri, iyo ichachengetedza nzvimbo. Kazhinji, vhoriyamu cloning inoshandiswa kungave muTest&Dev kana iwe uchida kutarisa kushanda kwezvimwe zvigadziriso paIS yako. Cloning ichakubvumira kuti uite izvi nekukurumidza uye nehupfumi sezvinobvira maererano ne disk resources, nokuti Mabhuroki edata akachinjwa chete ndiwo achanyorwa.

Kudzokorora / Kunyora

Kudzokorora inzira yekugadzira kopi yedata pane imwe yemuviri yekuchengetedza system. Kazhinji, mutengesi wega wega ane tekinoroji yehunyanzvi inoshanda chete mukati memutsara wayo. Asi kune zvakare yechitatu-bato mhinduro, kusanganisira iyo inoshanda paiyo hypervisor level, seVMware vSphere Replication.

Iko kushanda kwetekinoroji tekinoroji uye nyore kwekushandisa kwayo kunowanzo kurira kune yepasirese, asi inozove isingashande kana, semuenzaniso, zvichidikanwa kugadzira replica kubva kuNetApp kuenda kuHP MSA.

Replication yakakamurwa kuita maviri subtypes:

Synchronous. Panyaya yekudzokorora kunoenderana, basa rekunyora rinotumirwa kune yechipiri chengetedzo system nekukurumidza uye kuurayiwa hakuna kusimbiswa kusvika kure kure yekuchengetedza system yasimbisa. Nekuda kweizvi, kunonoka kwekuwana kunowedzera, asi isu tine chaiyo girazi kopi yedata. Avo. RPO = 0 kana kurasikirwa kweiyo huru yekuchengetedza system.

asynchronous. Nyora mashandiro anoitwa chete pane huru yekuchengetera sisitimu uye inosimbiswa pakarepo, panguva imwe chete ichiunganidza mubuffer yekutakurisa batch kune iri kure yekuchengetedza system. Rudzi urwu rwekudzokorora rwakakosha kune data risingakoshi, kana kune chiteshi chine yakaderera bandwidth kana yakakwira latency (yakajairika kumadaro anopfuura 100 km). Saizvozvo, RPO = packet kutumira frequency.

Kazhinji, pamwe chete nekudzokorora, pane nzira kutema miti disk mashandiro. Muchiitiko ichi, nzvimbo yakakosha yakagoverwa kutema uye kurekodha mashandiro ehumwe kudzika munguva, kana kuganhurwa nehuwandu hwerogi, inochengetwa. Kune mamwe tekinoroji tekinoroji, senge EMC RecoverPoint, pane kubatanidzwa nesystem software iyo inokutendera kuti ubatanidze mamwe mabhukimaki kune yakatarwa log yekupinda. Nekuda kweizvi, zvinokwanisika kudzosera kumashure mamiriro evhoriyamu (kana kugadzira clone) kwete kungosvika Kubvumbi 23, 11 maawa 59 masekonzi 13 milliseconds, asi kusvika nguva isati yasvika "DHARA ALL TABLES; ZVIPIRE.

Metro cluster

Metro cluster tekinoroji inobvumidza iwe kuti ugadzire bidirectional synchronous replication pakati peaviri masisitimu ekuchengetedza nenzira yekuti kubva kunze vaviri iyi inotaridzika seimwe yekuchengetedza system. Inoshandiswa kugadzira masumbu ane maoko akapatsanurwa munzvimbo munzvimbo dzemetro (pasi pe100 km).

Zvichienderana nemuenzaniso wekushandiswa munzvimbo yevirtualization, metrocluster inokubvumira kuti ugadzire dhatatori nemichina chaiyo, inowanikwa kurekodha kubva kune mbiri nzvimbo dze data kamwechete. Muchiitiko ichi, sumbu rinogadzirwa padanho re hypervisor, rinosanganisira mauto munzvimbo dzakasiyana dze data data, dzakabatana nechitoro ichi. Iyo inokubvumira kuita zvinotevera:

• Yakazara otomatiki yekudzoreredza maitiro mushure mekufa kweimwe yedata data. Pasina imwe mari yekuwedzera, maVM ese ari kushanda mumushakabvu data data anozotangwa zvakare mune yasara. RTO = kuwanikwa kwepamusoro cluster timeout (15 masekondi eVMware) + nguva yekurodha sisitimu yekushandisa uye kutanga masevhisi.
• Kudzivirira njodzi kana, muchiRussia, kudzivirira njodzi. Kana basa rekupa simba rakarongwa mu data center 1, saka tine mukana wekutamisa mutoro wose unokosha kune data center 2 isina kumira mberi, basa risati ratanga.

Virtualization

Kuchengetedza virtualization ndeye tekinoroji kushandiswa kwemavhoriyamu kubva kune imwe yekuchengetedza sisitimu sedhisiki. Iyo yekuchengetera virtualizer inogona kungoendesa vhoriyamu yemumwe munhu kumutengi seyayo, panguva imwe chete ichiiratidzira kune imwe yekuchengetedza sisitimu, kana kutogadzira RAID kubva kunze mavhoriyamu.
Vamiriri veClass mukirasi yekuchengetera virtualization ndeye EMC VPLEX uye IBM SVC. Uye zvechokwadi, masisitimu ekuchengetedza ane virtualization mashandiro - NetApp, Hitachi, IBM / Lenovo Storwize.

Nei zvingadiwa?

• Redundancy padanho rekuchengetedza system. Girazi rinogadzirwa pakati pemavhoriyamu, uye imwe hafu inogona kunge iri paHP 3Par, uye imwe paNetApp. Uye iyo virtualizer inobva kuEMC.
• Fambisa data nekushomeka kuderera pakati pekuchengetedza masisitimu kubva kune vakasiyana vagadziri. Ngatifungei kuti data inoda kutamiswa kubva kune yekare 3Par, iyo inozonyorwa kure, kuenda kuDell nyowani. Muchiitiko ichi, vatengi vanobviswa kubva ku3Par, mavhoriyamu anotamirwa pasi peVPLEX uye anounzwa kune vatengi zvakare. Sezvo pasina zvishoma zvachinja pavhoriyamu, basa rinoenderera. Maitiro ekuona vhoriyamu kuDell nyowani anotanga kumashure, uye kana apedza, girazi rinotyoka uye 3Par yakaremara.
• Sangano remetroclusters.

Compression/deduplication

Compression uye deduplication matekinoroji anotendera iwe kuchengetedza dhisiki nzvimbo pane yako yekuchengetedza system. Zvakakodzera kutaura ipapo ipapo kuti haisi yese data iri pasi pekudzvanyirirwa uye / kana kudzoreredzwa mumusimboti, nepo mamwe marudzi e data achimanikidzwa uye akadhindwa zvirinani, uye mamwe - zvinopesana.

Kune marudzi maviri ekumanikidza uye deduplication:

inline - kudzvanywa uye kudhirowa kwe data block kunoitika usati wanyora iyi data ku diski. Saka, iyo system inongoverengera hashi ye block uye inoienzanisa mutafura neiyo iripo. Chekutanga, inokurumidza kupfuura kungonyorera ku diski, uye chechipiri, isu hatiparadze yakawedzera dhisiki nzvimbo.

Post - kana mabasa aya achiitwa pane yakatorekodhwa data iri pamadisiki. Saizvozvo, iyo data inotanga kunyorwa ku diski, uye ipapo chete iyo hashi inoverengerwa uye zvisingakoshi zvidhinha zvinobviswa uye dhisiki zviwanikwa zvinosunungurwa.

Zvakakodzera kutaura kuti vatengesi vazhinji vanoshandisa marudzi ese ari maviri, izvo zvinovatendera kukwenenzvera aya maitiro uye nekudaro kuwedzera kugona kwavo. Vazhinji vatengesi vekuchengetedza vane zvishandiso zvinokutendera kuti uongorore seti yako yedata. Izvi zvinoshandiswa zvinoshanda zvinoenderana nemafungiro akafanana anoitwa mugadziriro yekuchengetedza, saka iyo inofungidzirwa mwero wekushanda ichave yakafanana. Zvakare, ramba uchifunga kuti vatengesi vazhinji vane zvirongwa zvekuvimbisa zvekuita zvinovimbisa kanenge kuita kwakanaka kune mamwe (kana ese) data mhando. Uye iwe haufanirwe kuregeredza chirongwa ichi, nekuti nekuverenga iyo sisitimu yemabasa ako, uchifunga nezve inoshanda coefficient yeimwe system, unogona kuchengetedza pahuwandu. Izvo zvakakoshawo kufunga kuti zvirongwa izvi zvakagadzirirwa AFA masisitimu, asi nekuda kwekutenga vhoriyamu diki yeSSD pane HDDs mumakirasi system, izvi zvinoderedza mutengo wavo, uye kana usingaenzane nemutengo wedhisiki system, ipapo. swedera pedyo nayo.

The model

Uye pano tauya kumubvunzo chaiwo.

"Vanondipa nzira mbiri dzekuchengetera - ABC SuperStorage S600 uye XYZ HyperOcean 666v4, unoratidzei?"

Inoshanduka kuita "Pano vanondipa sarudzo mbiri dzekuchengetedza - ABC SuperStorage S600 uye XYZ HyperOcean 666v4, iwe unorumbidza chii?

Iyo inotarirwa mutoro wakasanganiswa VMware chaiwo michina ine kugadzira / bvunzo / kusimudzira zvishwe. Muedzo = chibereko. 150 TB imwe neimwe ine peak performance ye80 IOPS 000kb block 8% random kuwana 50/80 kuverenga-nyora. 20 TB yebudiriro, 300 IOPS inokwana, 50 zvisina tsarukano, makumi masere kunyora.

Kugadzirwa kunofungidzirwa mu metrocluster RPO = 15 maminetsi RTO = 1 awa, kusimudzira mune asynchronous replication RPO = maawa matatu, bvunzo pane imwe saiti.

Pachave ne50TB DBMS, kutema miti kungave kwakanaka kwavari.

Tine maseva eDell kwese kwese, masisitimu ekare eHitachi ekuchengetedza, haakwanise kurarama, isu tinoronga kuwedzera mutoro ne50% maererano nehuwandu nekuita. "

Sezvavanotaura, mubvunzo wakanyatsogadzirwa une 80% yemhinduro.

mamwe mashoko

Zvaunofanira kuverenga zvakare maererano nevanyori

Mabhuku

• Olifer naOlifer "Computer network". Iri bhuku richabatsira kurongeka uye pamwe kunzwisisa zviri nani kuti iyo data yekufambisa svikiro ye IP / Ethernet yekuchengetedza masisitimu inoshanda sei
• "EMC Ruzivo rwekuchengeta uye manejimendi." Iro bhuku rakanakisa pane izvo zvekutanga zvekuchengetedza masisitimu, ma-whys, sei uye nei.

Forums uye chats

• Kukurukurirana Kuchengeta
• Nutanix / IT Russian Kukurukurirana Club
• VMware User Group Russia
• Russian Backup User Group

General mazano

Price list

Iye zvino, sematengo - kazhinji, kana paine mitengo yemasisitimu ekuchengetera, anowanzo Rondedzera mitengo, kubva iyo mutengi wega wega anogamuchira kuderedzwa kwega. Saizi yekuderedzwa ine huwandu hukuru hwema paramita, saka hazvigoneke kufanotaura kuti ndeupi mutengo wekupedzisira uyo kambani yako ichawana pasina kubvunza muparadzi. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, munguva pfupi yapfuura maenzanisi ekupedzisira akatanga kuonekwa muzvitoro zvemakombiyuta zvenguva dzose, zvakadai, semuenzaniso nix.ru kana xcom-shop.ru. Pano iwe unogona pakarepo kutenga iyo system yaunofarira pamutengo wakatarwa, senge chero zvikamu zvekombuta.

Asi ndinoda kuona pakarepo kuti kuenzanisa kwakananga neTB/$ hakuna kururama. Kana tikasvika pairi kubva pamaonero aya, zvino mhinduro yakachipa ichave iri nyore JBOD + sevha, iyo isingazopi kana kuchinjika kana kuvimbika kunopihwa neakazara-akazara, maviri-anotonga controller system. Izvi hazvireve zvachose kuti JBOD inosemesa uye yakashata tsvina yekunyengera, iwe unongoda kunyatsonzwisisa zvakare kuti sei uye nezvinangwa zvipi zvauchashandisa iyi mhinduro. Iwe unogona kazhinji kunzwa kuti hapana chekupaza muJBOD, kune imwe chete yekumashure. Zvisinei, ndege dzinodzokera shure dzimwe nguva dzinokundikana. Zvose zvinoputsika nokukurumidza kana kuti gare gare.

Total

Izvo zvinodikanwa kuenzanisa masisitimu kune mumwe nemumwe kwete chete nemutengo, kana kwete chete nekuita, asi nehuwandu hwese zviratidzo.

Tenga HDD chete kana uine chokwadi chekuti unoda HDD. Kune yakaderera mitoro uye incompressible data mhando, zvikasadaro, zvakakodzera kutendeukira kune SSD kuchengetedza kunyatsoshanda vimbiso zvirongwa, izvo vazhinji vatengesi vava nazvo (uye vanoshanda chaizvo, kunyangwe muRussia), asi zvese zvinoenderana nemashandisirwo uye data ichave iripo. pane ino yekuchengetedza system.

Usaende kune zvakachipa. Dzimwe nguva izvi zvinovanza nguva dzakawanda dzisingafadzi, imwe yadzo Evgeniy Elizarov akatsanangura muzvinyorwa zvake pamusoro. Infortrend. Uye izvo, mukupedzisira, izvi zvakachipa zvinogona kukudzosera kumashure. Usakanganwa - "murombo anobhadhara kaviri."

Kunobva: www.habr.com