Dambudziko rekutumira huwandu hukuru hwe data kubva kune isina munhu aerial mota (UAV) kana pasi marobhoti haina kujairika mumashandisirwo emazuva ano. Ichi chinyorwa chinokurukura nzira dzekusarudza dzebroadband modem uye matambudziko ane hukama. Chinyorwa chakanyorerwa UAV uye marobhoti vanogadzira.
Sarudzo Criteria
Iyo mikuru nzira yekusarudza Broadband modem yeUAVs kana marobhoti ndeiyi:
- Communication range.
- Nhamba yepamusoro yekufambisa data.
- Kunonoka kuendesa data.
- Kurema uye zviyero parameters.
- Inotsigirwa ruzivo interfaces.
- Zvokudya zvinovaka muviri.
- Separate control/telemetry channel.
Communication range
Rudzi rwekutaurirana rwunotsamira kwete chete pane modem, asiwo pane antenna, antenna tambo, radio wave kuparadzira mamiriro, kupindira kwekunze uye zvimwe zvikonzero. Kuti uparadzanise maparamendi emodemu pachayo kubva kune mamwe maparameter anokanganisa nharaunda yekutaurirana, funga nezve chiyero cheiyo equation [Kalinin A.I., Cherenkova E.L. Kuparadzirwa kwemasaisai eredhiyo uye kushanda kweredhiyo link. Connection. Moscow. 1971]
$$display$$ R=frac{3 cdot 10^8}{4 pi F}10^{frac{P_{TXdBm}+G_{TXdB}+L_{TXdB}+G_{RXdB}+L_{RXdB}+ |V|_{dB}-P_{RXdBm}}{20}},$$display$$
apo
$inline$R$inline$ - inodiwa yekukurukurirana siyana mumamita;
$inline$F$inline$ - frequency muHz;
$inline$P_{TXdBm}$inline$ - modem transmitter simba mudBm;
$inline$G_{TXdB}$inline$ - transmitter antenna kuwana mudB;
$inline$L_{TXdB}$inline$ - kurasikirwa mutambo kubva modem kuenda kune transmitter antenna mudB;
$inline$G_{RXdB}$inline$ - antenna anogamuchira kuwana mudB;
$inline$L_{RXdB}$inline$ - kurasikirwa mutambo kubva kumodemu kuenda kune inogamuchira antenna mudB;
$inline$P_{RXdBm}$inline$ - kunzwa kwemodemu inogamuchira mudBm;
$inline$|V|_{dB}$inline$ chinhu chinotapudza icho chinotarisa kurasikirwa kwakawedzerwa nekuda kwesimba rePasi, zvinomera, mhepo nezvimwe zvinhu mudB.
Kubva pachiyero cheequation zviri pachena kuti huwandu hunoenderana chete nezvikamu zviviri zvemodemu: transmitter simba $inline$P_{TXdBm}$inline$$ uye wekugamuchira senitivity $inline$P_{RXdBm}$inline$, kana kuti pane musiyano wavo. - bhajeti resimba remodem
$$ratidza$$B_m=P_{TXdBm}-P_{RXdBm}.$$ratidza$$
Iwo asara maparamendi muhuwandu hweequation anotsanangura mamiriro ekuparadzira masaini uye maparamita emidziyo yeantenna-feeder, i.e. hazvina chekuita ne modem.
Saka, kuti uwedzere huwandu hwekukurukurirana, unofanirwa kusarudza modem ine yakakura $ inline $ B_m $ inline $ kukosha. Ukuwo, $inline$B_m$inline$ inogona kuwedzerwa nekuwedzera $inline$P_{TXdBm}$inline$ kana nokuderedza $inline$P_{RXdBm}$inline$. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, vagadziri veUAV vari kutsvaga modem ine yakakwirira transmitter simba uye vanoteerera kushoma kunzwisiswa kweanogamuchira, kunyangwe ivo vachifanira kuita zvakapesana chaizvo. Iyo ine simba pa-board transmitter yebroadband modem inosanganisira anotevera matambudziko:
- kushandiswa kwesimba kwakanyanya;
- kudiwa kwekutonhodza;
- kuderera kwe electromagnetic kuenderana (EMC) nemamwe ari pa-bhodhi zvishandiso zveUAV;
- yakaderera simba zvakavanzika.
Matambudziko maviri ekutanga ane chekuita nenyaya yekuti nzira dzemazuvano dzekutepfenyura ruzivo rwakakura panhepfenyuro, semuenzaniso OFDM, dzinoda. linear transmitter. Kushanda kwemaredhiyo emazuva ano mitsara yakaderera: 10-30%. Nokudaro, 70-90% yesimba rinokosha remagetsi eUAV rinoshandurwa kuva kupisa, iyo inofanira kubviswa zvakanaka kubva modem, zvikasadaro ichakundikana kana simba rayo rekubuda richadonha nekuda kwekupisa panguva isina kukodzera. Semuenzaniso, 2 W transmitter inodhonza 6-20 W kubva pamagetsi, iyo 4-18 W ichashandurwa kuita kupisa.
Simba rakabiwa redhiyo link rakakosha kune zvakakosha uye zvechiuto zvikumbiro. Kudzika kwakadzika kunoreva kuti iyo modem siginecha inowonekwa ine mukana wakakura kwazvo nemugamuchiri wekugamuchira wejamming station. Saizvozvo, mukana wekudzvanya redhiyo link ine yakaderera simba stealth zvakare yakakwira.
Kunzwa kwemodem inogamuchira inoratidza kugona kwayo kuburitsa ruzivo kubva kune yakagamuchirwa masaini ine yakapihwa nhanho yemhando. Mamiriro ehunhu anogona kusiyana. Kumasisitimu ekukurukurirana edhijitari, mukana wekukanganisa zvishoma (bit kukanganisa mwero - BER) kana mukana wekukanganisa mupaketi yeruzivo (frame error rate - FER) ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa. Chaizvoizvo, sensitivity ndiyo nhanho yechiratidzo chaicho panofanirwa kutorwa ruzivo. Semuenzaniso, kunzwa kwe −98 dBm neBER = 10−6 kunoratidza kuti ruzivo rwune BER yakadaro runogona kutorwa kubva muchiratidzo chine mwero we -98 dBm kana kupfuura, asi ruzivo rune nhanho yekuti, taura, -99 dBm inogona. haichabvisirwe kubva pachiratidzo chine mwero we, toti, −1 dBm. Ehezve, kuderera kwemhando sezvo chiyero chechiratidzo chinodzikira kunoitika zvishoma nezvishoma, asi zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti mazhinji emazuva ano modem ane anonzi. pachikumbaridzo mugumisiro umo kuderera kwehutano apo chiyero chechiratidzo chinoderera pasi pekunzwa kunoitika nokukurumidza. Zvakakwana kuderedza chiratidzo ne 2-10 dB pasi pekunzwa kweBER kuti iwedzere kusvika ku1-XNUMX, zvinoreva kuti hauchazooni vhidhiyo kubva kuUAV. Iyo chikumbaridzo mhedzisiro ndeye yakananga mhedzisiro yeShannon's theorem kune ine ruzha chiteshi; haigone kubviswa. Kuparara kweruzivo kana chiyero chechiratidzo chinodzikira pazasi kunzwisiswa kunoitika nekuda kwesimba reruzha rinoumbwa mukati memugamuchiri pacharo. Ruzha rwemukati rweanogamuchira harugone kubviswa zvachose, asi zvinokwanisika kuderedza chiyero chayo kana kudzidza kunyatsoburitsa ruzivo kubva kune ruzha chiratidzo. Vagadziri veModemu vari kushandisa ese ari maviri maitiro aya, vachiita kuvandudzwa kuRF zvidhinha zveanogamuchira uye nekuvandudza madhijitari siginecha yekugadzirisa algorithms. Kuvandudza kunzwisiswa kweiyo modem inogamuchira hakuiti kuti kuwedzere kunoshamisa kwekushandiswa kwesimba uye kupisa kupisa sekuwedzera simba rekutumira. Iko kune, hongu, kuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwesimba uye kugadzirwa kwekupisa, asi zvine mwero.
Iyi inotevera modem yekusarudza algorithm inokurudzirwa kubva pakuona kwekuwana iyo inodiwa yekutaurirana siyana.
- Sarudza pachiyero chekufambisa data.
- Sarudza modem ine yakanyanya kunzwisiswa yekumhanya kunodiwa.
- Sarudza huwandu hwekukurukurirana nekuverenga kana kuedza.
- Kana huwandu hwekutaurirana hukaita kushoma pane zvakafanira, edza kushandisa matanho anotevera (akarongwa mukuderera kwekukosha):
- kuderedza kurasikirwa mutambo dzeantenna $inline$L_{TXdB}$inline$, $inline$L_{RXdB}$inline$ nokushandisa tambo ine yakaderera linear attenuation panguva yekushanda frequency uye/kana kuderedza kureba kwetambo;
- wedzera antenna kuwana $inline$G_{TXdB}$inline$, $inline$G_{RXdB}$inline$;
- wedzera iyo modem transmitter simba.
Sensitivity values zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwekuchinjisa data zvinoenderana nemutemo: kukurumidza kumhanya - kwakanyanya kunzwisiswa. Semuenzaniso, −98 dBm senitivity ye8 Mbps iri nani pane −95 dBm senitivity ye12 Mbps. Iwe unogona kuenzanisa modem maererano nekunzwa chete kune imwechete yekumhanyisa data.
Dhata pane transmitter simba rinogara richiwanikwa mune modem yakatarwa, asi data pane inogamuchira senitivity haiwanzo kuwanikwa kana kuti haina kukwana. Chero zvazvingava, ichi ndicho chikonzero chekuchenjerera, sezvo nhamba dzakanaka dzisinganzwisisi kuvanza. Pamusoro pezvo, nekusaburitsa data rekunzwa, mugadziri anonyima mutengi mukana wekufungidzira huwandu hwekutaurirana nekuverenga. up to modem kutenga.
Nhamba yepamusoro yekufambisa data
Kusarudza modem yakavakirwa pane iyi parameter iri nyore kana zvinodiwa zvekumhanya zvakatsanangurwa zvakajeka. Asi pane mamwe nuances.
Kana dambudziko riri kugadziriswa richida kuve nechokwadi chepamusoro-soro inogoneka yekukurukurirana uye panguva imwechete zvinokwanisika kugovera yakaringana yakafara frequency bhendi yeredhiyo link, saka zviri nani kusarudza modem inotsigira yakakura frequency bhendi (bandwidth). Icho chokwadi ndechekuti iyo inodiwa ruzivo kumhanya inogona kuwanikwa mune yakatetepa frequency bhendi nekushandisa dense mhando dzemodulation (16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM, nezvimwewo), kana mune yakakura frequency bhendi uchishandisa yakaderera-density modulation (BPSK, QPSK. ) Iko kushandiswa kweiyo yakaderera-density modulation yemabasa akadaro inodiwa nekuda kwekudzivirira kwayo kweruzha. Naizvozvo, kunzwisiswa kweanogamuchira kuri nani; zvinoenderana, bhajeti resimba remodemu rinowedzera uye, semhedzisiro, iyo yekutaurirana huwandu.
Dzimwe nguva vagadziri veUAV vanoisa iyo yekumhanyisa yeruzivo rweredhiyo yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura kumhanya kweiyo sosi, chaizvo 2 kana kupfuura nguva, vachipokana kuti masosi akadai sevhidhiyo macodecs ane inoshanduka bitrate uye kumhanya kwemodemu kunofanirwa kusarudzwa tichifunga nezve kukosha kwakanyanya. yekubuda kwebitrate. Muchiitiko ichi, kutaurirana kunoderera kunoderera. Haufanire kushandisa nzira iyi kunze kwekunge zvakakodzera. Mazhinji mamodemu emazuva ano ane buffer hombe mune transmitter iyo inogona kutsvedzerera kunze bitrate spikes pasina kurasikirwa kwepaketi. Naizvozvo, nzvimbo yekumhanyisa inodarika 25% haidiwe. Kana paine chikonzero chekutenda kuti iyo buffer yemodem iri kutengwa haina kukwana uye kuwedzera kukuru kwekumhanya kunodiwa, saka zviri nani kuramba kutenga modem yakadaro.
Kunonoka kuendesa data
Paunenge uchiongorora iyi parameter, zvakakosha kupatsanura kunonoka kunoenderana nekufambiswa kwedata pamusoro peredhiyo link kubva pakunonoka kwakagadzirwa neiyo encoding/decoding mudziyo weiyo ruzivo, senge vhidhiyo codec. Kunonoka kweredhiyo link kunosanganisira 3 kukosha.
- Kunonoka nekuda kwekugadziriswa kwechiratidzo mune transmitter uye inogamuchira.
- Kunonoka nekuda kwekuparidzirwa kwemasaini kubva kune inotumira kune inogamuchira.
- Kunonoka nekuda kwe data buffering mu transmitter in time division duplex (TDD) modem.
Nyora 1 latency, mune ruzivo rwemunyori, inotangira pamakumi emamicroseconds kusvika kune imwe millisecond. Rudzi rwechipiri kunonoka kunoenderana nehuwandu hwekutaurirana, semuenzaniso, kune 2 km link ndeye 100 μs. Type 333 kunonoka kunoenderana nehurefu hweiyo TDD furemu uye pachiyero chenguva yekutenderera kutenderera kusvika kune yakazara furemu yenguva uye inogona kusiyanisa kubva 3 kusvika kunguva yefuremu, i.e. inongosiyana. Kana iyo inofambiswa ruzivo pakiti iri pane inopinza yekutumira iyo modem iri mumhepo yekufambisa, ipapo iyo packet ichaendeswa pamhepo ine zero yekunonoka mhando 0. inonokerwa mu transmitter buffer kwenguva yenguva yekugamuchira . Typical TDD furemu kureba kubva 3 kusvika 2 ms, saka yakaipisisa nyaya Type 20 kunonoka hakupfuure makumi maviri ms. Saka, kunonoka kuzere muredhiyo chinongedzo kuchave muhuwandu hwe3-20 ms.
Nzira yakanakisa yekuziva kunonoka kweredhiyo chinongedzo ndeye yakazara-chiyero kuyedza uchishandisa zvishandiso kuongorora network maitiro. Hazvikurudzirwi kuyera kunonoka uchishandisa nzira yekukumbira-mhinduro, sezvo kunonoka kwekuenda mberi nekudzoka shure kunogona kunge kusina kufanana kune TDD modem.
Kurema uye zviyero parameters
Kusarudza pane-bhodhi modem unit maererano nechiyero ichi hakudi chero akakosha mazwi: madiki uye akareruka zviri nani. Usakanganwa zvakare nezve kudiwa kwekutonhodza iyo pane-bhodhi yuniti; mamwe ma radiator anogona kudikanwa, uye nekudaro, huremu uye zviyero zvinogonawo kuwedzera. Kufarirwa pano kunofanira kupihwa kune chiedza, madiki-sized units ane simba shoma rekushandisa.
Kune yepasi-yakavakirwa unit, iyo misa-dimensional paramita haina kunyanya kunetsa. Kureruka kwekushandisa uye kuisa kunouya pamberi. Iyo yepasi unit inofanirwa kunge iri mudziyo wakachengetedzwa zvakavimbika kubva kune ekunze pesvedzero ine iri nyore yekumisikidza system kune mast kana katatu. Sarudzo yakanaka ndeye apo iyo pasi unit yakabatanidzwa mune imwechete imba ine antenna. Nenzira yakanaka, iyo yepasi unit inofanirwa kuve yakabatana neiyo control system kuburikidza neiyo imwe nyore yekubatanidza. Izvi zvinokuchengetedza kubva kumashoko akasimba kana iwe uchida kuita basa rekutumira pane tembiricha ye -20 madhigirii.
Zvokudya Zvinodiwa
Onboard units, sekutonga, inogadzirwa nerutsigiro rwemhando dzakasiyana dzemagetsi ekupa, semuenzaniso 7-30 V, iyo inovhara mazhinji emagetsi sarudzo muUAV network network. Kana iwe uine mukana wekusarudza kubva akati wandei ekupa voltages, wobva wapa sarudzo kune yakaderera yekugovera voltage kukosha. Sezvo mutemo, modem inoshandiswa mukati kubva kumagetsi e3.3 uye 5.0 V kuburikidza nemagetsi echipiri. Kubudirira kweaya echipiri magetsi emagetsi akakwira, idiki mutsauko pakati pekupinza uye mukati voltage yemodem. Kuwedzera kushanda kunoreva kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba uye kugadzirwa kwekupisa.
Zvikamu zvepasi, kune rumwe rutivi, zvinofanirwa kutsigira simba kubva kune yakakwira voltage sosi. Izvi zvinobvumira kushandiswa kwetambo yemagetsi ine chikamu chiduku chemuchinjikwa, iyo inoderedza uremu uye inorerutsa kuisa. Zvimwe zvinhu zvese zvakaenzana, ipa sarudzo kune pasi-based units nePoE (Simba pamusoro peEthernet) rutsigiro. Muchiitiko ichi, tambo imwe chete yeEthernet inodiwa kubatanidza iyo yepasi unit kune control station.
Separate control/telemetry channel
Chinhu chakakosha mumamiriro ezvinhu apo pasina nzvimbo yakasara paUAV yekuisa yakaparadzana yekuraira-telemetry modem. Kana paine nzvimbo, saka yakaparadzana control/telemetry chiteshi chebroadband modem inogona kushandiswa se backup. Paunenge uchisarudza modem ine iyi sarudzo, teerera kune chokwadi chekuti modem inotsigira inodiwa protocol yekutaurirana neUAV (MAVLink kana proprietary) uye kugona kuverengera kudzora chiteshi / telemetry data kuita nyore interface pachiteshi chepasi (GS). ) Semuenzaniso, iyo ye-on-board unit yebroadband modem yakabatana kune autopilot kuburikidza neinterface yakadai seRS232, UART kana CAN, uye iyo yepasi unit yakabatana nekombuta yekudzora kuburikidza neEthernet interface iyo inofanirwa kuchinjanisa kuraira. , telemetry uye vhidhiyo ruzivo. Muchiitiko ichi, modem inofanira kukwanisa kuwedzera murairo uye telemetry stream pakati peRS232, UART kana CAN interfaces ye-on-board unit uye Ethernet interface yepasi unit.
Mamwe ma parameter ekuteerera
Kuwanikwa kwe duplex mode. Broadband modem dzeUAVs dzinotsigira chero simplex kana duplex inoshanda modes. Mune simplex mode, kuendesa data kunobvumirwa chete munzira kubva kuUAV kuenda kuNS, uye mune duplex mode - mumativi ese. Sezvo mutemo, simplex modem ine yakavakirwa-mukati vhidhiyo codec uye yakagadzirirwa kushanda nemavhidhiyo makamera asina vhidhiyo codec. Simplex modem haina kukodzera kubatana neIP kamera kana chero mimwe michina inoda IP yekubatanidza. Kusiyana neizvi, duplex modem, sekutonga, yakagadzirirwa kubatanidza iyo-board IP network yeUAV neIP network yeNS, i.e. inotsigira IP kamera uye mamwe maIP madivayiri, asi inogona kunge isina yakavakirwa- muvhidhiyo codec, sezvo IP vhidhiyo kamera kazhinji ine vhidhiyo yako codec. Ethernet interface yekutsigira inongogoneka mune yakazara-duplex modem.
Diversity reception (RX kusiyana). Kuvapo kweichi kugona kunosungirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuenderera kutaurirana mukati mese kureba kwendege. Kana ichipararira pamusoro pePasi, masaisai eredhiyo anosvika panzvimbo yekugamuchira mumatanda maviri: munzira yakananga uye nekuratidzira kubva pamusoro. Kana kuwedzerwa kwemafungu emapuranga maviri kunoitika muchikamu, ipapo munda panzvimbo yekugamuchira inosimbiswa, uye kana mu antiphase, inopera simba. Iko kupera simba kunogona kuve kwakakosha - kusvika pakurasikirwa kuzere kwekutaurirana. Kuvapo kwemaantenna maviri paNS, iri munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, inobatsira kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, nokuti kana panzvimbo yeimwe antenna matanda akawedzerwa mu antiphase, ipapo panzvimbo yeimwe haaiti. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iwe unogona kuwana yakagadzikana yekubatanidza mukati mese chinhambwe.
Inotsigirwa network topology. Zvinokurudzirwa kusarudza modem inopa rubatsiro kwete chete kune point-to-point (PTP) topology, asiwo yepoint-to-multipoint (PMP) uye relay (repeater) topology. Iko kushandiswa kweiyo relay kuburikidza neyekuwedzera UAV inobvumidza iwe kuwedzera zvakanyanya nzvimbo yekuvhara yeiyo huru UAV. Rutsigiro rwePMP runokutendera kuti ugamuchire ruzivo panguva imwe chete kubva kune akati wandei maUAV pane imwe NS. Ndokumbirawo muone kuti kutsigira PMP uye relay kunoda kuwedzera kwemodemu bandwidth kana ichienzaniswa nenyaya yekutaurirana neUAV imwechete. Naizvozvo, kune idzi modes zvinokurudzirwa kusarudza modem inotsigira yakakura frequency bhendi (inenge 15-20 MHz).
Kuwanikwa kwenzira dzekuwedzera ruzha rwekudzivirira. Sarudzo inobatsira, yakapihwa yakanyanya kupindira nharaunda munzvimbo dzinoshandiswa maUAV. Noise kusadzivirirwa kunonzwisiswa sekugona kwehurongwa hwekutaurirana kuita basa rayo pamberi pekuvhiringidzwa kwezvakagadzirwa kana zvechisikigo mugero rekutaurirana. Pane nzira mbiri dzekurwisa kupindira. Nzira 1: gadzira iyo modem inogamuchira kuitira kuti igone kugamuchira ruzivo rwakavimbika kunyangwe paine kuvhiringidzwa mubhendi yekutaurirana chiteshi, pamubhadharo wekumwe kudzikiswa kwekumhanya kwekufambisa ruzivo. Maitiro 2: Dzvinyirira kana kudzikisira kupindira pane iyo inogamuchira yekupinda. Mienzaniso yekuitwa kwekutanga nzira ndeye spectrum kupararira masisitimu, anoti: frequency hopping (FH), pseudo-random sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) kana hybrid yezvose. FH tekinoroji yave kupararira muUAV yekudzora nzira nekuda kweiyo yakaderera inodiwa yekufambisa data muchiteshi chekutaurirana chakadaro. Semuenzaniso, kune kumhanya kwe16 kbit / s mune 20 MHz bhendi, anenge 500 frequency zvinzvimbo zvinogona kurongeka, izvo zvinobvumira kuchengetedzwa kwakavimbika kubva pakamanikana-bhendi kukanganiswa. Kushandiswa kweFH kune Broadband kutaurirana chiteshi kunetsana nekuti mhedzisiro bhendi yakakurisa. Semuenzaniso, kuti uwane 500 frequency zvinzvimbo paunenge uchishanda nechiratidzo chine 4 MHz bandwidth, iwe uchada 2 GHz yemahara bandwidth! Zvakawanda kuti zvive zvechokwadi. Kushandiswa kweDSSS kwebroadband yekutaurirana chiteshi neUAVs kwakakosha. Mune tekinoroji iyi, chidimbu cheruzivo chega chega chinodzokororwa panguva imwe chete kune akati wandei (kana kunyange ese) ma frequency mubhendi rechiratidzo uye, pamberi pekukanganisa-bhendi, inogona kupatsanurwa kubva kune zvikamu zve spectrum zvisina kukanganiswa nekukanganisa. Kushandiswa kweDSSS, pamwe neFH, zvinoreva kuti kana kukanganisa kuchionekwa muchiteshi, kuderedzwa kwehuwandu hwekufambisa data kunodiwa. Zvakangodaro, zviri pachena kuti zviri nani kugamuchira vhidhiyo kubva kuUAV mune yakaderera resolution pane hapana zvachose. Nzira 2 inoshandisa chokwadi chekuti kupindira, kusiyana neruzha rwemukati rwemugamuchiri, inopinda muredhiyo yekubatanidza kubva kunze uye, kana dzimwe nzira dziripo mumodem, dzinogona kudzvinyirirwa. Kudzvinyirirwa kwekupindira kunogoneka kana kunowanikwa munzvimbo dze spectral, temporal kana spatial domains. Semuenzaniso, kupindira kwenarrowband kunowanikwa munharaunda ye spectral uye inogona "kuchekwa" kubva pamutambo uchishandisa firiji yakakosha. Saizvozvo, ruzha rwekupururudzwa rwunoiswa munharaunda yenguva; kuidzvanya, iyo nzvimbo yakakanganiswa inobviswa kubva kune yekupinza chiratidzo cheanogamuchira. Kana kupindira kusiri bhandi rakatetepa kana kuputika, ipapo mudzvanyiriri wepamhepo anogona kushandiswa kudzvanyirira, sezvo. kukanganisa kunopinda mu antenna yekugamuchira kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kubva kune imwe nzira. Kana iyo zero yeantenna yekugamuchira radiation pateni yakamira munzira yekukanganisa sosi, kupindira kunodzvanyirirwa. Masisitimu akadai anonzi adaptive beamforming & beam nulling masisitimu.
Radio protocol inoshandiswa. Vagadziri veModemu vanogona kushandisa chiyero (WiFi, DVB-T) kana proprietary radio protocol. Iyi parameter haiwanzo kuratidzwa mune zvakatemwa. Kushandiswa kweDVB-T kunoratidzwa zvisina kunanga nemabhendi anotsigirwa 2/4/6/7/8, dzimwe nguva 10 MHz uye kutaurwa murugwaro rweiyo COFDM (coded OFDM) tekinoroji umo OFDM inoshandiswa pamwe chete. ine ruzha-inodzivirira coding. Mukufamba, tinoona kuti COFDM inongori sirogani yekushambadzira uye haina kana zvakanakira pamusoro peOFDM, sezvo OFDM isina ruzha-inodzivirira coding isingambo shandiswe mukuita. Enzanisa COFDM neOFDM paunoona izvi zvipfupiso mune redhiyo modem yakatarwa.
Mamodemu anoshandisa akajairika protocol anowanzo kuvakwa pahwaro hwehunyanzvi chip (WiFi, DVB-T) inoshanda pamwe chete ne microprocessor. Kushandisa chip chetsika kunobvisa mugadziri wemodemu yezvakawanda zvemusoro zvine chekuita nekugadzira, modhi, kuita, uye kuyedza yavo redhiyo protocol. Iyo microprocessor inoshandiswa kupa iyo modem basa rinodiwa. Mamodemu akadaro ane zvinotevera zvakanakira.
- Mutengo wakaderera
- Huremu hwakanaka uye saizi parameters.
- Kushandisa simba kwakaderera.
Panewo zvazvakaipira.
- Kusakwanisa kushandura maitiro eredhiyo interface nekushandura firmware.
- Kudzikama kwakaderera kwezvigadzirwa munguva refu.
- Kugona kushoma mukupa rubatsiro rwakakwana rwehunyanzvi pakugadzirisa matambudziko asina mwero.
Iyo yakaderera kugadzikana kwezvinhu inokonzerwa nekuti vanogadzira chip vanotarisa zvakanyanya pamisika mizhinji (TV, makomputa, nezvimwewo). Vagadziri vemamodemu eUAVs hazvisi zvekutanga kwavari uye havagone kupesvedzera sarudzo yemugadziri we chip yekumisa kugadzirwa pasina kutsiva kwakaringana nechimwe chigadzirwa. Ichi chimiro chinosimbiswa nemaitiro ekurongedza redhiyo maficha mune akasarudzika mamicrocircuits akadai se "system pa chip" (System paChip - SoC), uye saka ega eredhiyo interface machipisi anogezwa zvishoma nezvishoma kubva pamusika semiconductor.
Kugona kushoma mukupa rutsigiro rwehunyanzvi kunokonzerwa nekuti zvikwata zvekusimudzira zvemodemu zvinoenderana neyakajairwa redhiyo protocol inoshandwa nenyanzvi, kunyanya mune zvemagetsi uye microwave tekinoroji. Panogona kunge pasina nyanzvi dzekutaurirana neredhiyo ipapo zvachose, sezvo pasina matambudziko ekuti vagadzirise. Naizvozvo, vagadziri veUAV vari kutsvaga mhinduro kumatambudziko eredhiyo asina-diki anogona kuzviwana vaodzwa mwoyo maererano nekubvunzana uye rubatsiro rwehunyanzvi.
Mamodemu anoshandisa proprietary redhiyo protocol akavakirwa pahwaro hwepasirese analog uye dijitari chiratidzo chekugadzirisa machipisi. Kugadzikana kwekupa kwemachipisi akadaro kwakakwira zvakanyanya. Chokwadi, mutengo wacho wakakwirawo. Modem dzakadaro dzine zvinotevera zvakanakira.
- Mikana yakawanda yekugadzirisa modem kune zvinodiwa nemutengi, kusanganisira kugadzirisa redhiyo nekushandura firmware.
- Yekuwedzera redhiyo interface inonakidza kushandiswa muUAVs uye haipo mumamodemu akavakirwa pahwaro hweakajairwa redhiyo protocol.
- Kugadzikana kwakanyanya kwezvinhu, kusanganisira. munguva refu.
- High level of technical support, kusanganisira kugadzirisa zvisiri-standard matambudziko.
Kukanganisa.
- Mutengo wakakwira.
- Huremu uye saizi paramita inogona kunge yakashata kupfuura iyo yemamodemu vachishandisa yakajairwa radio protocol.
- Kuwedzera kushandiswa kwesimba kwedhijitari chiratidzo chekugadzirisa unit.
Data yehunyanzvi yemamwe ma modem eUAVs
Iyo Tafura inoratidza tekinoroji paramita yemamwe modem eUAVs anowanikwa pamusika.
Ziva kuti kunyangwe iyo 3D Link modem ine simba rekutumira rakaderera kana ichienzaniswa nePicoradio OEM neJ11 modem (25 dBm vs. 27−30 dBm), iyo 3D Link bhajeti yemagetsi yakakwira kupfuura iwo mamodemu nekuda kwekunzwa kwakanyanya kwekugamuchira (ine zvakafanana kufambisa data kumhanya kwemamodemu ari kuenzaniswa). Nekudaro, iyo yekutaurirana siyana kana uchishandisa 3D Link ichave yakakura nekunyura kwesimba kubira.
Tafura. Tekinoroji data yemamwe mabroadband modem eUAVs uye marobhoti
Parameter
(yakaitwa pane module kubva kuMicrohard)
(onawo )
Mugadziri, nyika
Geoscan, RF
Mobilicom, Israel
Airborne Innovations, Canada
DTC, UK
Redess, China
Kukurukurirana kwakasiyana [km] 20−60
5
n/a*
n/a*
10 − 20
Sipidhi [Mbit/s] 0.023−64.9
1.6 − 6
0.78 − 28
0.144 − 31.668
1.5 − 6
Kunonoka kutapurirana data [ms] 1−20
25
n/a*
15 − 100
15 − 30
Zviyero zvepa-board unit LxWxH [mm] 77x45x25
74x54x26
40x40x10 (pasina pekugara)
67x68x22
76x48x20
Pa-board unit uremu [giramu] 89
105
17.6 (pasina pekugara)
135
88
Information interfaces
Ethernet, RS232, CAN, USB
Ethernet, RS232, USB (kusarudza)
Ethernet, RS232/UART
HDMI, AV, RS232, USB
HDMI, Ethernet, UART
Pa-board unit unit power supply [Volt/Watt] 7−30/6.7
7−26/n/a*
5−58/4.8
5.9−17.8/4.5−7
7−18/8
Ground unit power supply [Volt/Watt] 18−75 kana PoE/7
7−26/n/a*
5−58/4.8
6−16/8
7−18/5
Transmitter simba [dBm] 25
n/a*
27 − 30
20
30
Receiver senitivity [dBm] (yekumhanyisa [Mbit/s])
−122(0.023) −101(4.06) −95.1(12.18) −78.6(64.96)
−101(n/a*)
−101(0.78) −96(3.00) −76(28.0)
−95(n/a*) −104(n/a*)
−97(1.5) −94(3.0) −90(6.0)
Modem simba bhajeti [dB] (yekumhanya [Mbit/sec])
147(0.023) 126(4.06) 120.1(12.18) 103.6(64.96)
n/a*
131(0.78) 126(3.00) 103(28.0)
n/a*
127 (1.5) 124 (3.0) 120 (6.0)
Mabhendi efrequency anotsigirwa [MHz] 4−20
4.5; 8.5
2; 4; 8
0.625; 1.25; 2.5; 6; 7; 8
2; 4; 8
Simplex/duplex
Duplex
Duplex
Duplex
Simplex
Duplex
Kutsigira kwakasiyana-siyana
hongu
hongu
hongu
hongu
hongu
Kupatsanura chiteshi chekutonga/telemetry
hongu
hongu
hongu
kwete
hongu
Inotsigirwa UAV yekudzora maprotocol mune control/telemetry chiteshi
MAVLink, muridzi
MAVLink, muridzi
kwete
kwete
MAV Link
Multiplexing rutsigiro mukutonga / telemetry chiteshi
hongu
hongu
kwete
kwete
n/a*
Network topology
PTP, PMP, relay
PTP, PMP, relay
PTP, PMP, relay
PTP
PTP, PMP, relay
Nzira dzekuwedzera noise immunity
DSSS, narrowband uye pulse suppressors
n/a*
n/a*
n/a*
n/a*
Radio protocol
proprietary
n/a*
n/a*
DVB-T
n/a*
* n/a - hapana data.
Nezvomunyori
Alexander Smorodinov[email inodzivirirwa]] inyanzvi inotungamira kuGeoscan LLC mumunda wekutaurirana nemawaya. Kubva 2011 kusvika parizvino, anga achigadzira maredhiyo protocol uye masaini ekugadzirisa maalgorithms ebroadband radio modem nezvinangwa zvakasiyana, pamwe nekuita maalgorithms akagadziridzwa akavakirwa pane anorongwa logic chips. Nzvimbo dzemunyori dzekufarira dzinosanganisira kuvandudzwa kweiyo synchronization algorithms, chiteshi fungidziro yezvivakwa, modulation/demodulation, ruzha-resistant coding, pamwe nemamwe midhiya yekuwana layer (MAC) algorithms. Asati ajoinha Geoscan, munyori akashanda mumasangano akasiyana siyana, achigadzira michina yekutaurirana isina waya. Kubva 2002 kusvika 2007, akashanda kuProteus LLC senyanzvi inotungamira mukuvandudza masisitimu ekutaurirana zvichienderana neIEEE802.16 (WiMAX) chiyero. Kubva 1999 kusvika 2002, munyori aive nechekuita mukugadzirwa kweruzha-resistant coding algorithms uye kuenzanisira kweredhiyo link nzira kuFederal State Unitary Enterprise Central Research Institute "Granit". Munyori akagamuchira Candidate of Technical Sciences dhigirii kubva kuSt. Petersburg University of Aerospace Instrumentation muna 1998 uye dhigirii reRadio Engineering kubva kuyunivhesiti imwe chete muna 1995. Alexander inhengo iripo yeIEEE uye IEEE Communications Society.
Source: www.habr.com