Hei Habr!
Muna 2017, panguva yeBlack Friday, mutoro wacho wakawedzera nekanenge kamwechete nehafu, uye maseva edu aive pamuganho. Kwegore, nhamba yevatengi yakakura zvakanyanya, uye zvakava pachena kuti pasina kunyatsogadzirira kugadzirira kwekutanga, chikuva chinogona kunge chisingamirire mitoro ye2018.
Isu takaisa chinangwa chakanyanya chinoshuvira chinogoneka: isu taida kuve takagadzirira zvakakwana kune chero, kunyangwe iyo ine simba zvakanyanya, kuwedzera kwechiitiko uye takatanga kuburitsa hunyanzvi hutsva pamberi pegore rose.
Wedu CTO Andrey Chizh () inotaura kuti takagadzirira sei Black Friday 2018, matanho api atakatora kuti tisadonha, uye, zvechokwadi, migumisiro yekugadzirira kwakadaro.
Nhasi ndinoda kutaura nezvekugadzirira kweBlack Friday 2018. Sei ikozvino, apo zvizhinji zvekutengesa kukuru zviri shure kwedu? Takatanga kugadzirira rinenge gore pamberi pezviitiko zvakakura, uye kuburikidza nekuedza uye kukanganisa takawana mhinduro chaiyo. Isu tinokukurudzira kuti uchengetedze mwaka inopisa isati yasvika uye kudzivirira hutsotsi hungangobuda panguva isina kukodzera.
Izvo zvinyorwa zvichave zvinobatsira kune wese anoda kusvina iyo yakanyanya purofiti kubva mumasheya akadaro, nekuti Iyo tekinoroji yenyaya haisi yakaderera kune yekushambadzira divi pano.
Zvimiro zvetraffic pakutengesa kukuru
Kusiyana nekutenda kwakakurumbira, Black Friday harisi zuva rimwe chete pagore, asi rinenge vhiki rose: yekutanga kuderedzwa inopa inosvika 7-8 mazuva isati yatengeswa. Webhusaiti traffic inotanga kukura zvakanaka mukati mesvondo rese, inosvika pakakwirira neChishanu uye inodonha zvakanyanya neMugovera kusvika kumatanho echitoro.
Izvi zvakakosha kufunga: zvitoro zvepamhepo zvinonyanya kutarisisa kune chero "slowdowns" muhurongwa. Uye zvakare, yedu email tsamba yetsamba mutsara yakawanawo kuwedzera kukuru kwenhamba yekutumira.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti isu tifambe neBlack Friday pasina tsaona, nekuti... Kunyanya kukosha kwekushanda kwemawebhusaiti uye zvinyorwa zvechitoro zvinoenderana nekushanda kwepuratifomu, zvinoti:
- Kuteedzera uye kupa zvigadzirwa kurudziro,
- Kuburitswa kwezvinhu zvine hukama (semuenzaniso, mifananidzo yedhizaini yekurudziro zvidhinha, senge miseve, marogo, zvidhori uye zvimwe zvinoonekwa zvinhu),
- Kupa mifananidzo yechigadzirwa yehukuru hunodiwa (nezvinangwa izvi isu tine "ImageResizer" - subsystem iyo inodhawunirodha mufananidzo kubva kuchitoro server, inoimanikidza kune saizi inodiwa uye, kuburikidza nemaseva ecaching, inogadzira mifananidzo yehukuru hunodiwa kune chimwe nechimwe chigadzirwa. yega yega yekurudziro block).
Muchokwadi, panguva yeBlack Friday 2019, mutoro uri pasevhisi wakawedzera ne40%, i.e. nhamba yezviitiko izvo Retail Rocket system inoteedzera uye maitiro panzvimbo dzezvitoro zvepamhepo yakawedzera kubva ku5 kusvika ku8 zviuru zvikumbiro pasekondi. Nekuda kwekuti takanga tichigadzirira mitoro yakakomba, takapukunyuka kuvhiya kwakadaro nyore.
Kugadzirira kwakawanda
Black Friday inguva yakabatikana kune vese vatengesi uye e-commerce kunyanya. Huwandu hwevashandisi nebasa ravo panguva ino iri kukura zvakanyanya, saka isu, sekugara takagadzirira nguva ino yakabatikana. Ngatiwedzerei pano chokwadi chokuti tine zvitoro zvakawanda zvepaIndaneti zvakabatana kwete muRussia chete, asiwo muEurope, uko kufara kwakanyanya, uye tinowana chiyero chekuda zvakanyanya kudarika Brazilian series. Chii chinoda kuitwa kuti ugadzirire zvizere mitoro yakawedzerwa?
Kushanda nemaseva
Kutanga, zvaive zvakakodzera kuti tizive kuti chii chaizvo chataida kuwedzera server simba. Kare muna Nyamavhuvhu, takatanga kuodha maseva matsva zvakanangana neBlack Friday - pamwe chete isu takawedzera gumi mimwe michina. Pakasvika Mbudzi vakanga varwa zvizere.
Panguva imwecheteyo, mimwe yemichina yekuvaka yakadzoserwa kuti ishandiswe seApplication server. Isu takabva tangovagadzirira kuti vashandise mabasa akasiyana: ese ekupa kurudziro uye yeImageResizer sevhisi, kuitira kuti, zvichienderana nerudzi rwemutoro, imwe neimwe yadzo inogona kushandiswa kune rimwe reaya mabasa. Mune yakajairwa modhi, iyo Yekushandisa uye ImageResizer maseva akatsanangura zvakajeka mabasa: yaimbova nyaya kurudziro, iyo yekupedzisira yekupa mifananidzo yemabhii uye ekurudziro mabhuroki pawebhusaiti yekutenga online. Mukugadzirira Black Friday, zvakasarudzwa kuita ese maviri-chinangwa maseva kuitira kuenzanisa traffic pakati pavo zvichienderana nerudzi rwekurodha.
Takabva tawedzera maseva makuru maviri eKafka (Apache Kafka) uye takawana sumbu remichina ine simba. Nehurombo, zvese hazvina kufamba mushe sezvataizoda: panguva yekuyananisa data, michina miviri mitsva yakagara muhupamhi hwese network network, uye isu taifanira kukurumidza kufunga maitirwo ekuita nzira yekuwedzera nekukurumidza uye zvakachengeteka. zvese zvivakwa. Kuti tigadzirise nyaya iyi, vatariri vedu vaifanira kupira neushingi kupera kwevhiki kwavo.
Kushanda nedata
Pamusoro pemaseva, isu takasarudza kukwidziridza mafaera kuti kurerutsira mutoro uye nhanho hombe kwatiri yaive dudziro yemafaira akamira. Ese mafaera akamira aimbotambirwa pamasevha akaendeswa kuS3 + Cloudfront. Tave tichida kuita izvi kwenguva yakareba, sezvo mutoro uri pavhavha wakanga uri pedyo nemiganhu yemiganhu, uye ikozvino mukana mukuru wamuka.
Vhiki pamberi peBlack Friday, takawedzera nguva yecaching yemufananidzo kusvika kumazuva matatu, kuitira kuti kana ImageResizer ikaparara, mifananidzo yaimbovharwa yaizotorwa kubva kuCDn. Izvo zvakare zvakaderedza mutoro pamaseva edu, sezvo iyo yakareba iyo chifananidzo ichichengetwa, kazhinji kacho isu tinoda kushandisa zviwanikwa pakugadzirisa saizi.
Uye chekupedzisira asi chisiri chidiki: 5 mazuva pamberi peBlack Friday, kumisa kwakaziviswa pakutumirwa kwechero mashandiro matsva, pamwe nechero basa ripi neripi nezvivakwa - kutarisisa kwese kunoitirwa kubata nemitoro yakawedzera.
Zvirongwa zvekupindura kumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma
Hazvina mhosva kuti kugadzirira kwakakwirira sei, fakaps nguva dzose inogoneka. Uye isu takagadzira 3 zvirongwa zvekupindura zvezvingangoitika mamiriro akaomarara:
- kuderedza mutoro,
- kudzima mamwe masevhisi,
- kudzima zvachose kwesevhisi.
Ronga A: Deredza mutoro. Inofanira kunge yakagadziriswa kana, nekuda kwekuwedzera kwemutoro, maseva edu akaenda kupfuura nguva dzinogamuchirwa dzekupindura. Muchiitiko ichi, takagadzirira nzira dzekudzikisa zvishoma nezvishoma mutoro nekushandura chikamu chemotokari kumaseva eAmazon, izvo zvingangopindura zvikumbiro zvose ne "200 OK" uye kupa mhinduro isina chinhu. Isu takanzwisisa kuti uku kwaive kudzikisira kwemhando yesevhisi, asi sarudzo pakati pekuti sevhisi haishande zvachose kana kusaratidza kurudziro yeanosvika gumi muzana yetraffic iri pachena.
Ronga B: Dzima mabasa. Zvinoreva kuderedzwa kwesevhisi. Semuyenzaniso, kudzikisira kumhanya kwekuverenga kurudziro yako kuitira kuburitsa mamwe dhatabhesi uye nzira dzekutaurirana. Mune yakajairwa modhi, kurudziro inoverengerwa munguva-chaiyo, ichigadzira kune wega mushanyi vhezheni yavo yepamhepo chitoro, asi pasi pemamiriro ekuwedzera mutoro, kudzikisa kumhanya kunobvumira mamwe masevhisi epakati kuti arambe achishanda.
Plan C: kana iri Amagedhoni. Kana kutadza kwehurongwa hwakakwana kukaitika, isu takagadzirira chirongwa chinozotitendera kuti tibviswe zvakachengeteka kubva kune vatengi vedu. Vatengi vezvitoro vanongomira kuona kurudziro; kuita kwechitoro chepamhepo hakuzotambura chero nzira. Kuti tiite izvi, isu taizofanira kuseta patsva faira yedu yekubatanidza kuitira kuti vashandisi vatsva vamire kudyidzana nebasa. Ndokunge, isu taizodzima kodhi yedu huru yekutevera, sevhisi yaizomira kuunganidza data uye kuverenga kurudziro, uye mushandisi aingoona peji isina kurudziro zvidhinha. Kune vese vakambogamuchira faira rekubatanidza, isu takapa sarudzo yekuchinja iyo DNS rekodhi kuAmazon uye iyo 200 OK stub.
Migumisiro
Takabata mutoro wese kunyangwe pasina chikonzero chekushandisa mimwe michina yekuvaka. Uye nekuda kwekugadzirira mberi, isu taisada chero zvirongwa zvemhinduro zvakagadziridzwa. Asi basa rese rakaitwa chiitiko chakakosha icho chinozotibatsira kubata nekunyanya kusingatarisirwe uye kukuru kuwanda kwetraffic.
Sezvo muna 2017, mutoro webasa wakawedzera ne40%, uye nhamba yevashandisi muzvitoro zvepamhepo yakawedzera ne60% paBlack Friday. Matambudziko ese uye zvikanganiso zvakaitika panguva yekugadzirira, izvo zvakatiponesa isu nevatengi vedu kubva mumamiriro ezvinhu asingatarisirwi.
Uri kurarama sei neBlack Friday? Unogadzirira sei mitoro yakaoma?
Source: www.habr.com