Iwe unogona pakarepo kupindura mubvunzo, mangani maIT masisitimu aunawo mukambani yako? Kusvikira munguva pfupi yapfuura, isu takanga tisingakwanisewo. Naizvozvo, ikozvino tichakuudza nezve maitiro edu ekuvaka rondedzero yakabatana yekambani IT masisitimu, ayo aidiwa kugadzirisa anotevera matambudziko:
- Duramazwi rimwechete rekambani yese. Kunzwisisa kwakaringana kwebhizinesi uye IT yeapi masisitimu ane kambani.
- Rondedzero yevanhu vane mutoro. Pamusoro pekuwana runyorwa rweIT masisitimu, zvaive zvakakodzera kuti unzwisise kuti ndiani aitarisira sisitimu yega yega, kudivi reIT uye kudivi rebhizinesi.
- Kurongeka kweIT masisitimu. Padivi reiyo IT architecture, zvaive zvakafanira kurongedza iripo IT masisitimu nedanho rekusimudzira, nehunyanzvi hwakashandiswa, nezvimwe.
- Kuverengera kwemitengo yeIT masisitimu. Kutanga, iwe unofanirwa kunzwisisa izvo IT masisitimu, wobva wauya nealgorithm yekugovera mutengo. Ini ndichataura ipapo kuti takawana zvakawanda pane iyi pfungwa, asi zvakanyanya pane izvo mune chimwe chinyorwa.
Ngatipindurei nekukasira mubvunzo kubva pazita - mangani maIT masisitimu ane kambani? Mukufamba kwegore, takaedza kuunganidza rondedzero, uye zvakazoitika kuti pakanga paine 116 inozivikanwa IT masisitimu (ndiko kuti, yatakakwanisa kuwana avo vane basa muIT uye vatengi pakati pemabhizinesi).
Kunyangwe izvi zvakawanda kana zvishoma, zvinogoneka kutonga mushure mekutsanangurwa kwakadzama kweinoonekwa seIT system munyika yedu.
Chekutanga nhanho
Chekutanga pane zvese, madhipatimendi ese eIT ββDirectorate akakumbirwa mazita emaIT masisitimu avanotsigira. Tevere, takatanga kuunza zvese izvi zvinyorwa pamwechete uye kugadzira mazita akabatana uye encodings. Padanho rekutanga, takasarudza kupatsanura masisitimu eIT mumapoka matatu:
- Mabasa ekunze.
- Information Systems.
- Infrastructure services. Ichi ndicho chikamu chinonakidza zvikuru. Mukugadzira rondedzero yeIT masisitimu, zvigadzirwa zvesoftware zvakawanikwa izvo zvinoshandiswa chete nezvivakwa (semuenzaniso, Active Directory (AD)), pamwe nezvigadzirwa zvesoftware zvinoiswa pamichina yemuno. Mapurogiramu ese aya akapatsanurwa kuita masevhisi ezvivakwa.
Ngatitarisei zvakanyanya boka rega rega.
Mabasa ekunze
Masevhisi ekunze maIT masisitimu asingashandise server yedu masisitimu. Imwe kambani yechitatu inobata basa ravo. Aya ndiwo, kune chikamu chikuru, masevhisi emakore uye ekunze APIs emamwe makambani (semuenzaniso, kubhadhara uye kutarisa fiscalization services). Iro izwi rine nharo, asi isu hatina kukwanisa kuunza iri nani. Isu takarekodha ese emuganho makesi mu "information system".
Information Systems
Masisitimu eruzivo kuiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvesoftware zvinoshandiswa nekambani. Muchiitiko ichi, mapeji esoftware chete akaiswa pamaseva uye anopa kupindirana kwevashandisi vazhinji akatariswa. Mapurogiramu emunharaunda akaiswa pamakomputa evashandi haana kutariswa.
Paiva nemafungiro asina kunaka:
- Kune akawanda mabasa, microservice architecture inoshandiswa. Microservices inogadzirwa pachikuva chakafanana. Takafunga kwenguva yakareba kuti tiparadzanise sevhisi yega yega kana mapoka emasevhisi kuita masisitimu akasiyana. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vakaziva chikuva chese sehurongwa uye vakachidaidza kuti MSP - Mvideo (micro) Service Platform.
- Mazhinji maIT masisitimu anoshandisa dhizaini yakaoma yevatengi, maseva, dhatabhesi, mabharani, nezvimwe. Isu takasarudza kusanganisa zvese izvi kuita imwe IT sisitimu, pasina kupatsanura kunze kwakadai zvikamu zvehunyanzvi sezviyero, TOMCAT uye zvimwe zvakawanda.
- Tekinoroji IT masisitimu - akadai seAD, masisitimu ekutarisa - akagoverwa kuboka rakasiyana re "infrastructure services".
Infrastructure services
Izvi zvinosanganisira masisitimu anoshandiswa kushanda iyo IT masisitimu. Semuyenzaniso:
- Kuwana zviwanikwa zveInternet.
- Data archiving service.
- Backup service.
- Telephony.
- Video conference.
- Vatumwa.
- Active Directory Directory Service.
- Email service.
- Antivirus.
Isu tinoisa zvirongwa zvese zvakaiswa pamakina evashandisi emuno se "Kubasa".
Nhaurirano pamusoro peseti yemasevhisi haisati yapera.
Mhedzisiro yedanho rekutanga
Mushure mekunge rondedzero dzese dzakagamuchirwa kubva kumadhipatimendi dzaumbwa, takagamuchira runyoro rwekambani yeIT masisitimu.
Rondedzero yacho yaive imwe-level, i.e. takanga tisina subsystems. Uku kuoma kwechinyorwa kwakamiswa kuitira ramangwana. Pakazara tine:
- 152 masisitimu eruzivo uye masevhisi ekunze.
- 25 mabasa ezvivakwa.
Mukana wakakura weiyi dhairekitori ndeyekuti mukuwedzera kune rondedzero yeIT masisitimu, vakabvumirana pane runyorwa rwevashandi vane mutoro kune mumwe nemumwe wavo.
Chechipiri nhanho
Rondedzero yacho yaive nezvakawanda zvekukanganisa:
- Yakazove imwe-level uye isina kunyatsogadzikana. Semuyenzaniso, sisitimu yechitoro yakamiririrwa muchirongwa nemamodule masere kana masisitimu akasiyana, uye webhusaiti yakamiririrwa neimwe system.
- Mubvunzo wakasara, takanga tine runyorwa ruzere rweIT masisitimu?
- Nzira yekuchengeta rondedzero ichienderana sei?
Shanduko kubva pane imwe-level runyorwa kuenda kune maviri-level runyorwa
Kuvandudzwa kukuru kwakaitwa muchikamu chechipiri kwaiva kuchinja kune runyoro rwematanho maviri. Pfungwa mbiri dzakaunzwa:
- IT system.
- IT system module.
Chikamu chekutanga chinosanganisira kwete chete kuiswa kwega, asi zvine musoro zvakabatana masisitimu. Semuenzaniso, kare iyo web reporting system (SAP BO), ETL uye kuchengetedza zvakanyorwa sezvirongwa zveIT zvakasiyana, asi ikozvino tazvibatanidza kuita imwe nzira ine gumi modules.
Mushure mekuchinja kwakadaro, 115 IT masisitimu yakaramba iri mukatalogi.
Tsvaga isingaverengeki kune IT masisitimu
Isu tinogadzirisa dambudziko rekutsvaga unaccounted kune IT masisitimu nekupa mari kune IT masisitimu. Avo. Iyo kambani yakagadzira hurongwa hwekugovera ese edhipatimendi kubhadhara kune IT masisitimu (zvimwe pane izvi mune inotevera chinyorwa). Isu ikozvino tinoongorora runyorwa rwekubhadhara kweIT pamwedzi uye tovapa kune iyo IT masisitimu. Pakutanga chaipo, akati wandei akabhadharwa masisitimu akawanikwa asina kuverengerwa murejista.
Nhanho inotevera kuunzwa kweiyo yakabatana IT architecture chikuva (EA Tool) yekuronga budiriro.
Kurongeka kweIT masisitimu
Pamusoro pekunyora rondedzero yeIT masisitimu uye kuona vashandi vane mutoro, takatanga kurongedza maIT masisitimu.
Yekutanga classification hunhu hwatakaunza ihupenyu kutenderera nhanho. Aya ndiwo mabudiro aita runyorwa rumwechete rwemasisitimu arikuitwa uye akarongerwa kubviswa.
Uye zvakare, takatanga kuteedzera mararamiro emutengesi eIT masisitimu. Haisi chakavanzika kuti zvigadzirwa zvesoftware zvine shanduro dzakasiyana, uye vatengesi vanongotsigira zvimwe zvacho. Mushure mekuongorora rondedzero yeIT masisitimu, avo vane shanduro dzisisatsigirwe nemugadziri vakaonekwa. Ikozvino pane hurukuro huru pamusoro pekuita nemapurogiramu akadaro.
Kushandisa rondedzero yeIT masisitimu
Zvatinoshandisa rondedzero iyi:
- MuIT architecture, pakudhirowa mamiriro ekugadzirisa, isu tinoshandisa mazita akajairika eIT masisitimu.
- Muhurongwa hwekugovera mubhadharo pane ese IT masisitimu. Iyi ndiyo nzira yatinoona nayo mari yose kwavari.
- Isu tiri kuvaka zvakare ITSM kuitira kuchengetedza mune yega yega chiitiko ruzivo nezve iyo IT system chiitiko chakaonekwa uye icho chakagadziriswa.
Rondedzero
Sezvo rondedzero yeIT masisitimu iine ruzivo rwakavanzika, hazvigoneke kuiratidza pano zvizere; isu ticharatidza kuona.
Pamufananidzo:
- IT system modules inoratidzwa mugirini.
- DIT madhipatimendi mune mamwe mavara.
- IT masisitimu akasungirirwa kune mamaneja ane mutoro kwavari.
Source: www.habr.com