Kukurukurirana chinhu chitsvene nguva dzose,
Uye muhondo zvinotonyanya kukosha ...
Nhasi, Chivabvu 7, iZuva reRadhiyo neKutaurirana. Izvi zvinopfuura zororo renyanzvi - ihwo huzivi hwose hwekuenderera mberi, kudada mune chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvakagadzirwa zvevanhu, izvo zvakapinda mumativi ose ehupenyu uye hazvibviri kusashanda munguva yemberi iri pedyo. Uye mumazuva maviri, muna Chivabvu 9, achange ari makore 75 okukunda muHondo Yenyika I. Muhondo umo kutaurirana kwakaita basa guru uye dzimwe nguva rakakosha. Signalmen akabatanidza kupatsanura, mauto, uye miganhu, dzimwe nguva chaizvo nemutengo wehupenyu hwavo, vachiva chikamu chehurongwa hwaiita kuti zvikwanise kutumira maodha kana ruzivo. Ichi chaiva chiitiko chaicho chezuva nezuva muhondo yose. MuRussia, Zuva reMasoja Signalman rakagadzwa, rinopembererwa musi wa20 Gumiguru. Asi ndinonyatsoziva kuti iri kupembererwa nhasi, paRadio Day. Naizvozvo, ngatirangarirei michina uye tekinoroji tekinoroji yeGreat Patriotic War, nekuti hazvisi pasina chikonzero kuti vanoti kutaurirana itsinga dzehondo. Tsinga idzi dzaive padzinogumira uye dzaitopfuura.
Signalmen veRed Army muna 1941 nereel uye runhare rwemumunda
Foni dzemumunda
Pakatanga Hondo Yenyika Yese, kutaurirana kwewaya kwakange kwatomira kuva kodzero yeteregirafu; mitsara yerunhare yakanga ichikura muUSSR, uye nzira dzekutanga dzekukurukurirana neredhiyo dzakaonekwa. Asi pakutanga, kwaive kutaurirana newaya ndiyo yaive tsinga huru: nharembozha dzakaita kuti zvikwanise kumisa kutaurirana munzvimbo yakavhurika, sango, mhiri kwenzizi, pasina kudiwa chero zvigadzirwa. Uyezve, iyo chiratidzo kubva parunhare rwewaya yaisagona kubatwa kana kutorwa pasina kuwana kwemuviri.
Mauto eWehrmacht haana kurara: vakashinga kutsvaga mitsara yekutaurirana nematanda, vakabhomba uye vakaita kuparadza. Kuti varwise nzvimbo dzekufambiswa kwemashoko paitova nematemba chaiwo aiti kana abhombwa aisungirira waya obvarura network yese kuita zvidimbu zvidimbu.
Yekutanga kusangana nehondo nemasoja edu yaive iri nyore runhare rwemumunda UNA-F-31, imwe yeaya aida waya dzemhangura kuti ave nechokwadi chekutaurirana. Zvisinei, kwaiva kutaurirana kwewaya kwakasiyaniswa munguva yehondo nekugadzikana uye kuvimbika. Kuti ushandise foni, zvaive zvakakwana kudhonza tambo uye kuibatanidza kune mudziyo pachayo. Asi zvakanga zvakaoma kuteerera foni yakadaro: waifanira kubatanidza zvakananga kune tambo, iyo yakachengetedzwa (semitemo, masignini aifamba ari maviri kana kunyange muboka duku). Asi zvinonzwika zviri nyore "muhupenyu hwevanhuwo zvavo." Panguva yehondo, masignman akaisa hupenyu hwavo panjodzi uye akadhonza waya pasi pemoto wevavengi, husiku, pazasi pedhamu, nezvimwe. Uyezve, muvengi akatarisisa zviito zvevaratidziri veSoviet uye, pamukana wekutanga, akaparadza midziyo yekutaurirana netambo. Hugamba hwevaratidziri hwaisaziva miganhu: vakapinda mumvura ine chando yeLadoga uye vakafamba pasi pemabara, vakayambuka mutsara wepamberi uye vakabatsira kucherechedza. Zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinotsanangura zviitiko zvakawanda apo mucherechedzi, asati afa, akadzvinya tambo yakatyoka nemazino ake kuitira kuti spasm yekupedzisira ive chisungo chinongedzo chekusimbisa kutaurirana.
UNA-F-31
UNA-F (phonic) uye UNA-I (inductor) yakagadzirwa muguta reGorky (Nizhny Novgorod) pa , kubvira muna 1928. Aive chinhu chiri nyore mufuremu yehuni ine bhandi, raisanganisira chibatiso chemaoko, transformer, capacitor, mheni, bhatiri (kana kuti magetsi anosungirirwa). Runhare rweinductor rwakafona rwuchishandisa bhero, uye nharembozha yakachaya runhare ichishandisa ruzha rwemagetsi. Iyo UNA-F modhi yaive yakanyarara zvekuti mutambi wefoni akamanikidzwa kuchengeta mugamuchiri ari pedyo nenzeve yake panguva yekuchinja kwese (pakazosvika 1943, headphone yakasununguka yakagadzirwa). Pakazosvika 1943, shanduko itsva yeUNA-FI yakaonekwa - nharembozha idzi dzaive nekuwedzera uye dzaigona kubatanidzwa kune chero rudzi rwekuchinja - phonic, inductor uye phonoinductor.
Nharembozha dzemumunda UNA-I-43 ine inductor call dzakagadzirirwa kuronga kutaurirana kwemukati kwenhare kumahofisi makuru uye kuraira zvigaro zvemauto uye mayuniti. Mukuwedzera, michina inductor yakashandiswa pakukurukurirana kwefoni pakati pedzimbahwe guru remauto nedzimbahwe rezasi. Kukurukurirana kwakadaro kwaiitwa zvakanyanya kuburikidza netambo mbiri-waya zvachose, iyo iyo telegraph apparate yakashandawo panguva imwe chete. Inductor zvishandiso zvave zvakapararira uye zvakashandiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekureruka kwekuchinja uye kuwedzera kuvimbika.
UNA-FI-43 - foni yemumunda
Iyo UNA nhevedzano yakatsiviwa neTAI-43 nhare ine inductor kufona, yakagadzirirwa pahwaro hweongororo yakadzama yeakatorwa eGerman field nhare FF-33. Iyo yekutaurirana renji kuburikidza netambo yemunda yaive kusvika 25 km, uye kuburikidza nekusingaperi 3 mm pamusoro pemutsara - 250 km. TAI-43 yakapa hukama hwakasimba uye yakanga yakareruka kaviri kupfuura analogues ayo apfuura. Rudzi urwu rwerunhare rwakashandiswa kupa kutaurirana pamatanho kubva kuchikamu uye pamusoro.
TAI-43
Hazvishamisi kuti nharembozha yemunda "PF-1" (Kubatsira Kumberi) pachikamu cheplatoon-kambani-battalion, iyo "yakakunda" makiromita gumi nemasere chete kuburikidza netambo yemunda. Kugadzirwa kwemidziyo kwakatanga muna 18 mumisangano yeMGTS (Moscow City Telephone Network). Pakazara, zvinenge 1941 zvishandiso zvakagadzirwa. Iri batch, kunyangwe richiita sediki pazviyero zvedu, rakazove rubatsiro rwakanyanya kumberi, uko nzira dzese dzekutaurirana dzakaverengerwa nekukosheswa.
Communications Center muStalingrad
Paiva neimwe foni ine nhoroondo isina kujairika - IIA-44, iyo, sezvinoreva zita, yakaonekwa muuto muna 1944. Mubhokisi resimbi, rine macapsules maviri, ane zvinyorwa zvakatsvinda nemirayiridzo, rakanga rakati siyanei nemamwe aro emapuranga uye rairatidzika semukombe. Asi kwete, IIA-44 yakagadzirwa nekambani yeAmerica Connecticut Telephone & Electric uye yakapiwa kuUSSR pasi peLend-Lease. Yakanga iine inductor yerudzi rwekufona uye yakabvumira kubatana kweimwe handset. Mukuwedzera, kusiyana nemamwe maSoviet model, yakanga ine mukati kwete yekunze bhatiri (iyo inonzi MB kirasi, ine bhatiri remunharaunda). Iyo bhatiri simba kubva kumugadziri yaive 8 ampere-maawa, asi nhare yaive ine slots yemabhatiri eSoviet kubva ku30 ampere-maawa. Zvisinei, varatidziri vemauto vakataura nokuzvidzora pamusoro pemhando yezvombo.
IIA-44
Kwete zvinhu zvisinganyanyi kukosha zvehurongwa hwekutaurirana kwemauto zvaive tambo (reels) uye switch.
Tambo dzemumunda, dzaiwanzoita 500 m kureba, dzaikuvadzwa pamareel, ayo aisungirirwa pabendekete uye ainyatsosununguka uye kudzoreredzwa mukati. Iwo makuru "tsinga" eGreat Patriotic War aive tambo yeteregiramu yemunda PTG-19 (yekutaurirana renji 40-55 km) uye PTF-7 (yekutaurirana 15-25 km). Kubva pakatanga Hondo Yenyika I, mauto echiratidzo gore negore akagadzirisa 40-000 km yemafoni uye telegraph mitsara uye kusvika ku50 km yewaya yakaturikwa pavari uye yakatsiviwa kusvika ku000 mapango. Muvengi akanga akagadzirira kuita chinhu chipi nechipi kuparadza masisitimu ekurukurirano, naizvozvo kudzorerwa kwakanga kuri kwenguva dzose uye kwokukurumidza. Tambo yaifanira kuiswa pamusoro penzvimbo ipi neipi, kusanganisira nechepasi pemvura - muchiitiko ichi, sinkers yakakosha yakanyura tambo uye haina kuibvumira kuti iende pamusoro. Basa rakanyanya kuoma pakuisa nekugadzirisa tambo dzenhare rakaitwa panguva yekukombwa kweLeningrad: guta harina kusara risina kutaurirana, uye mabhomba vaiita basa ravo, saka dzimwe nguva vakasiyana-siyana vaishanda pasi pemvura kunyange munguva yechando inorwadza. Nenzira, tambo yemagetsi yekugovera Leningrad nemagetsi yakaiswa nenzira imwecheteyo, nematambudziko makuru.
Waya (tambo) dzaive pasi pekurwiswa kwepasi uye kurwiswa kwepfuti - waya yakatemwa nezvimedu munzvimbo dzinoverengeka uye muratidziri akamanikidzwa kuenda kunotsvaga nekugadzirisa zvese zvakapwanyika. Nhaurirano dzaifanira kudzoserwa ipapo ipapo kuitira kuronga zvimwe zviito zvemauto, saka vaiti vezviratidzo vaiwanzofamba vari pasi pemabara nemabhomba. Pakanga pane zviitiko apo waya yaifanira kudhonzwa nemumunda wezvimbambaira uye varatidziri, vasina kumirira masappers, vakabvisa migodhi ivo pachavo newaya dzavo. Varwi vaive nekurwisa kwavo, masaini aive neavo, kwete zvishoma zvekutyisa uye zvinouraya.
Pamusoro pekutyisidzira kwakananga muchimiro chezvombo zvevavengi, varatidziri vaive neimwe njodzi yakaipisisa kupfuura rufu: sezvo muratidziri akange akagara parunhare aiziva mamiriro ese ari kumberi, aive ainyanya kunangwa kune ungwaru hweGerman. Masignalmen aiwanzotorwa nekuti zvaive nyore kuswedera padyo navo: zvaive zvakakwana kugura waya nekumirira kuhwandira kuti mumiriri auye panzvimbo achitsvaga zororo rinotevera. Kwapera chinguva, nzira dzekudzivirira uye kunzvenga nzira dzakadaro dzakaonekwa, hondo dzemashoko dzakaenda paredhiyo, asi pakutanga kwehondo mamiriro acho akanga akaipa.
Single uye maviri maswiti akashandiswa kubatanidza seti dzefoni (phonic, inductor uye hybrid). Maswichi acho akagadzirirwa 6, 10, 12 uye 20 (kana apetwa) manhamba uye akashandiswa kushandira mukati merunhare kutaurirana kurejiment, battalion, uye division headquarters. Nenzira, shanduko dzakashanduka nekukurumidza uye muna 1944 mauto aive nemidziyo yakareruka ine hukuru hwepamusoro. Iwo achangoburwa switch anga atomira (anenge 80 kg) uye aigona kupa switch kune vanosvika makumi mapfumbamwe vanyoreri.
Nhare chinja K-10. Nyatsoteerera kune zvakanyorwa pane iyo kesi
Mukupera kwa1941, maGermany akazvigadzirira chinangwa chekutora Moscow. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, guta guru rakanga riri muzinda wekurukurirano dzose dzeSoviet, uye iyi tangle yetsinga dzaifanira kuparadzwa. Kana nzvimbo yeMoscow ikaparadzwa, mativi ose angadai asina kubatana, saka People's Commissar of Communications I.T. Peresypkin munharaunda yeMoscow yakagadzira mutsara wemhete yekukurukurirana nemanodhi makuru anokosha North, South, East, West. Aya ma backup node aizoita kuti pave nekutaurirana kunyangwe pakaitika kuparadzwa zvachose kwenhare yepakati yenyika. Ivan Terentyevich Peresypkin akaita basa guru muhondo: akaumba anopfuura 1000 masangano ekukurukurirana, akasimbisa makosi uye zvikoro zvevashandi venhare, vatyairi veredhiyo, uye zviratidzo, izvo zvakapa kumberi nenyanzvi munguva pfupi. Pakazosvika pakati pa1944, nekuda kwezvisarudzo zvePeople's Commissar of Communications Peresypkin, "kutya kweredhiyo" kumiganhu kwakanga kwanyangarika uye mauto, kunyange pamberi peLend-Lease, akanga ane zviteshi zveredhiyo zvinopfuura 64 000 zvemarudzi akasiyana-siyana. Pazera remakore makumi matatu nemapfumbamwe, Peresypkin akava mutungamiriri wekutaurirana.
Zviteshi zveredhiyo
Hondo yakanga iri nhambo yefambiro mberi inoshamisa mukurukurirano dzeredhiyo. Kazhinji, hukama pakati peRed Army signmen pakutanga hwakanetseka: nepo chero musoja aikwanisa kubata runhare rwakareruka, zviteshi zveredhiyo zvaida masaini ane humwe hunyanzvi. Naizvozvo, masaini ekutanga ehondo aifarira shamwari dzavo dzakatendeka - nhare dzemumunda. Nekudaro, maredhiyo akakurumidza kuratidza zvavaikwanisa uye akatanga kushandiswa kwese kwese uye akawana mukurumbira pakati pevatsigiri nevehungwaru.
Inotakurika HF nhepfenyuro (3-P)
Iyo RB radio station (battalion radio station) ine simba re 0,5 W yekutanga kugadziridzwa yaisanganisira transceiver (10,4 kg), magetsi emagetsi (14,5 kg) uye dipole antenna array (3,5 kg). Kureba kwe dipole kwaiva 34 m, antenna - 1,8 m. Paiva nevevevery version, iyo yakanga yakasungirirwa pachigadziko pane yakakosha furemu. Yakanga iri imwe yenhepfenyuro dzekare dzakashandiswa pakutanga kweHondo Yenyika II.
Foreman weRed Army uye Republic of Belarus
Pakazosvika 1942, shanduro yeRBM (yazvino) yakaonekwa, umo nhamba yemhando dzemachubhu emagetsi akashandiswa akaderedzwa, simba uye kusimba kwechimiro chakawedzerwa, sezvinodiwa nemamiriro chaiwo ehondo. RBM-1 ine simba rekubuda re1 W uye RBM-5 ine 5 W yakaonekwa. Zvishandiso zviri kure zvezviteshi zvitsva zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kutaurirana kubva kumapoinzi kureba kusvika ku3 km. Nhepfenyuro iyi yakava nhepfenyuro yeredhiyo yezvikamu, zvitunha nevakuru vemauto. Paunenge uchishandisa danda rinoratidzwa, zvaigoneka kuchengetedza yakagadzikana radiotelegraph kutaurirana pamusoro pe250 km kana kupfuura (nenzira, kusiyana nemasaisai epakati, ayo aigona kushandiswa zvinobudirira neanoratidzira danda chete husiku, masaisai mapfupi anosvika 6 MHz airatidzwa zvakanaka. kubva kune ionosphere chero nguva yezuva uye yaigona kupararira pamusoro pemadaro marefu nekuda kwekufungidzira kubva kune ionosphere uye pamusoro penyika, pasina anoda chero ane simba transmitters). Pamusoro pezvo, maRBM airatidza kuita kwakanakisa mukushandira nhandare dzendege munguva yehondo.
Mushure mehondo, mauto akashandisa mamwe mamodheru anofambira mberi, uye maRBM akave akakurumbira pakati penyanzvi dze geologist uye akashandiswa kwenguva yakareba zvekuti vakakwanisa kuve magamba ezvinyorwa mumagazini akasarudzika muma80s.
RBM mufananidzo:
Muna 1943, vanhu vokuAmerica vakakumbira rezinesi rokubudisa nhepfenyuro iyi yakabudirira uye yakavimbika, asi vakarambirwa.
Gamba rinotevera rehondo raiva redhiyo yeSever, iyo iri mberi yakafananidzwa neKatyusha, saka yaidiwa nokukurumidza uye yakakodzera nguva yaiva chigadzirwa ichi.
Nhepfenyuro dzeredhiyo "Sever" dzakatanga kubudiswa muna 1941 uye dzakabudiswa kunyange muLeningrad yakakombwa. Vaive vakareruka kupfuura maRB ekutanga - huremu hweseti yakazara nemabhatiri yaive "chete" 10 kg. Yakapa kutaurirana kure ne500 km, uye mune mamwe mamiriro uye mumaoko enyanzvi "yakapedza" kusvika ku700 km. Iyi nhepfenyuro yaiitirwa kunyanya kucherechedzwa uye zvikamu zvebato. Yakanga iri nhepfenyuro ine yakananga amplification inogamuchira, nhanho nhatu, ine regenerative mhinduro. Pamusoro peiyo bhatiri-powered vhezheni, pakanga paine "chiedza" vhezheni, iyo zvisinei yaida simba re AC, pamwe neshanduro dzakati wandei dzezvikepe. Kiti iyi yaisanganisira antenna, mahedhifoni, kiyi yeteregirafu, imwe seti yemarambi, uye kit yekugadzirisa. Kuronga kufambiswa kwemashoko, nzvimbo dzeredhiyo dzakakosha dzine ma transmitters ane simba uye dzinogamuchira redhiyo dzinonzwa dzakaiswa pamberi pedzimbahwe. Nzvimbo dzekukurukurirana dzaive nehurongwa hwavo, maererano nezvavakachengetedza kutaurirana kweredhiyo 2-3 nguva mukati mezuva. Pakazosvika 1944, zviteshi zveredhiyo zveSever zvakabatanidza Central Headquarters nemapoka anodarika chiuru. “Sever” inotsigirwa seti yeclassified communications equipment (ZAS), asi yaiwanzosiiwa kuitira kuti isagamuchire mamwe makirogiramu akati wandei emidziyo. Ku "kuronga" nhaurirano kubva kumuvengi, vaitaura nekodhi yakapfava, asi maererano neimwe hurongwa, pamafungu akasiyana uye nekuwedzera kukodha kwenzvimbo yemauto.
Radio station North
12-RP iSoviet man-portable infantry shortwave radio station inoshandiswa mune regimental uye artillery network yeRed Army. Iyo ine mabhuraki akaparadzana eiyo 12-R transmitter uye 5SG-2 inogamuchira. Gamuchira-kutumira, nhare-teregirafu, hafu-duplex nhepfenyuro, yakagadzirirwa kushanda pakufamba uye munzvimbo dzekupaka. Nhepfenyuro yeredhiyo yaive nemapakeji etransceiver (huremu 12 kg, zviyero 426 x 145 x 205 mm) uye magetsi (huremu 13,1 kg, zviyero 310 x 245 x 185 mm). Yakatakurwa kumusana nemabhande nevarwi vaviri. Nhepfenyuro yeredhiyo yakagadzirwa kubva munaOctober -November 1941 kusvika pakupera kweGreat Patriotic War yakatumidzwa zita reM.V. Frunze Mukati meHondo Huru Yokuda Nyika, nzvimbo yacho yakaita mupiro mukuru mukugovera mauto kurukurirano dzeredhiyo. Yakaronga mauto makumi mana nemasere epamberi, achipinza vanhu basa vanopfuura mazana mashanu. Muna 48 moga, 500 zvokuyeresa redhiyo zvemarudzi manomwe zvakagadzirwa. Mugore rimwe chetero, Plant Nhamba 1943 yakapa mauto 2928 nhepfenyuro dzemhando ye326-RP uye 7601 nhepfenyuro dzemhando ye12-RT.
Nhepfenyuro yeredhiyo 12-RP
Nhepfenyuro dzeredhiyo dzakakurumidza kuve dzakakosha mundege, kutakura uye kunyanya mumatangi. Nenzira, kwaive kuvakwa kwemauto ematangi uye kubhururuka kwendege kwakava chinhu chakakosha chekuchinja kwemauto eSoviet mafungu eredhiyo - runhare rwewaya rwakanga rusina kukodzera kutaurirana matangi nendege pamwe chete uye nemirairo yekuraira.
Soviet tank redhiyo yaive neredhiyo yekutaurirana yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura yeGerman.Uye ichi chaive, pamwe, chikamu chepamusoro chekutaurirana kwemauto pakutanga nepakati pehondo. MuRed Army pakutanga kwehondo, kutaurirana kwaive kwakashata - zvakanyanya nekuda kweiyo imwechete pre-war policy yekusavaka zvombo. Kukundwa kunotyisa kwekutanga uye zviuru zvevakakuvadzwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekusabatana kwezviito uye kushaikwa kwenzira dzekutaura.
Yekutanga Soviet tank redhiyo yaive 71-TK, yakagadzirwa mukutanga 30s. Munguva yeGreat Patriotic War vakatsiviwa neredhiyo 9-R, 10-R uye 12-R, iyo yakaramba ichivandudzwa. Pamwe chete neredhiyo, TPU intercoms yakashandiswa mumatangi. Sezvo vashandi vepatangi vaisagona kuchengeta maoko avo akabatikana uye kutsauswa, ma<em>laryngophone nemaheadphones (zvikurukuru maearphones) zvakanga zvakanamatidzwa kumahedhifoni evashandi vetangi—nokudaro shoko rokuti “helmetphone.” Ruzivo rwakafambiswa pachishandiswa maikorofoni kana kiyi yeteregirafu. Muna 1942, matangi radios 12-RT (yakavakirwa pavacheche 12-RP) yakabudiswa pahwaro hwe12-RP nhepfenyuro dzeredhiyo dzevacheche. Maredhiyo eTangi akaitirwa kunyanya kupanana ruzivo pakati pemotokari. Saka, 12-RP yakapa nzira mbiri dzekutaurirana neredhiyo yakaenzana panzvimbo ine mwero yakaoma masikati pazvinhambwe:
- Beam (pane imwe kona) - runhare kusvika 6 km, telegraph kusvika 12 km
- Pini (nzvimbo yakati sandara, kupindira kwakawanda) - runhare kusvika 8 km, telegraph kusvika 16 km.
- Dipole, inverted V (yakanyatsokodzera masango nemakoronga) - runhare kusvika 15 km, telegraph kusvika 30 km.
Yakabudirira zvikuru uye yakagara kwenguva refu muuto yaiva 10-RT, iyo yakatsiva 1943-R muna 10, iyo yakanga ine zvidzoro uye zvigadziro pangowani dzaive ergonomic panguva idzodzo.
10-RT kubva mukati
Tangi redhiyo 10-R
Aviation airborne radio stations muHF range yeRSI yakatanga kugadzirwa muna 1942, yakaiswa mundege yekurwira uye yaishandirwa nhaurirano pamhepo dze3,75-5 MHz. Huwandu hwezviteshi zvakadaro hwaisvika makiromita gumi nemashanu pakutaurirana pakati pendege uye kusvika kumakiromita zana pakutaurirana nenhepfenyuro dzepasi panzvimbo dzekudzora. Chiyero chechiratidzo chaienderana nemhando yesimbi uye kudzivirira kwemidziyo yemagetsi; redhiyo yemurwi yaida kunyatso gadziridzwa uye nzira yehunyanzvi. Pakupera kwehondo, mamwe maRSI modhi akabvumira kukwidziridzwa kwenguva pfupi musimba rekutumira kusvika ku15 W. Zvidzoreso zvenhepfenyuro yeredhiyo zvakanamirwa pangowani yemutyairi zvichienderana nemisimboti yakafanana neyemumatangi.
RSI-3M1 - ipfupi-wave transmitter inosanganisirwa muredhiyo seti yeRSI-4 murwi, yakagadzirwa kubvira 1942.
Nenzira, pakanga paine zviitiko zvakawanda apo nhepfenyuro mubhegi yakaponesa hupenyu hwechiratidzo - yakatora mabara kana shrapnel panguva yekubhomba, iyo pachayo yakakundikana, uye yakaponesa musoja. Kazhinji, panguva yehondo, zviteshi zveredhiyo zvakawanda zvakagadzirwa uye zvakashandiswa kune vacheche, mauto emvura, zvikepe zvepasi pemvura, ndege uye zvinangwa zvakakosha, uye chimwe nechimwe chazvo chinokodzera chinyorwa chose (kana kunyange bhuku), nekuti zvaive zvakafanana. varwi sevaya vaishanda navo . Asi isu hatina Habr yakakwana yekudzidza kwakadaro.
Zvisinei, ndichataura imwe nhepfenyuro yeredhiyo - US redhiyo inogamuchira (universal superheterodyne, kureva, yepasi-simba high-frequency jenareta), nhevedzano yeredhiyo inogamuchira yeDV/MF/HF range. IU.SR yakatanga kuumba redhiyo iyi pasi pechirongwa chechitatu chekudzorera cheRed Army uye yakaita basa guru mukubatana uye mufambiro wemauto ehondo. Pakutanga, maU.SA aive nechinangwa chekushongedza zviteshi zveredhiyo zvinobhomba, asi zvakakurumidza kuenda kubasa nemauto epasi uye vakadiwa nemasaini nekuda kwekubatana kwavo, nyore kushanda uye kuvimbika kwakasiyana, kuenzaniswa nenharembozha. Zvakangodaro, mutsara wevagamuchiri veredhiyo wakave wakabudirira zvekuti hauna kungoshanda chete zvinodiwa zvekubhururuka nendege uye vacheche, asi zvakare gare gare yakave yakakurumbira pakati peredhiyo amateurs eUSSR (avo vaitsvaga makopi akabviswa ekuedza kwavo).
УС
Kukurukurirana kwakakosha
Kutaura pamusoro pekutaurirana munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, munhu haagoni kutadza kutaura nezvemichina yekutaurirana yakakosha. Mambokadzi wetekinoroji yaive hurumende "HF kutaurirana" (aka ATS-1, aka Kremlin), yakatanga kugadzirirwa OGPU, izvo zvaisaita kuteerera pasina yakaomesesa michina michina uye yakakosha kuwana mitsetse nemidziyo. Yakanga iri nzira yenzira dzakachengeteka dzekukurukurirana ... Zvisinei, nei zvakadaro? Ichiripo: hurongwa hwenzira dzakachengeteka dzekukurukurirana dzinoita kuti pave nekubatana kwakadzikama uye kuvanzika kwenhaurirano pakati pevatungamiri venyika, makambani edziviriro akakosha, makurukota nemasangano anochengetedza mutemo. Nhasi, nzira dzekudzivirira dzakashanduka uye dzakasimbiswa, asi zvinangwa uye zvinangwa zvinoramba zvakafanana: hapana munhu anofanira kuziva chikamu chimwe chete chemashoko chakapfuura kuburikidza nematanho aya.
Muna 1930, yekutanga otomatiki runhare exchange muMoscow yakatangwa (kutsiva boka remanyorero ekukurukurirana switch), iyo yakaguma kushanda chete muna 1998. Pakazosvika pakati pa1941, hurumende yeHF yekutaurirana network yaive nenhepfenyuro 116, zvivakwa makumi maviri, nzvimbo dzekutepfenyura makumi mana uye yakashandira vanhu vangangosvika mazana matanhatu. Kwete chete iyo Kremlin yaive yakashongedzerwa neHF kutaurirana; kudzora mashandiro emauto, dzimbahwe uye kuraira pamitsetse yekumberi vaive vakashongedzerwa nazvo. Nenzira, mukati memakore ehondo, chiteshi cheHF cheMoscow chakatamirwa kunzvimbo yekushanda yeKirovskaya metro station (kubva munaNovember 20 - Chistye Prudy) kudzivirira kuputika kwebhomba guru.
Sezvaungave watonzwisisa kubva muchidimbu HF, basa rekutaurirana nehurumende kumashure mu30s raive rakavakirwa pamusimboti wepamusoro-frequency telephony. Inzwi romunhu raiendeswa kumafandemutande epamusoro uye rakava risingasvikike pakuteerera kwakananga. Pamusoro pezvo, tekinoroji iyi yakaita kuti zvikwanise kufambisa hurukuro dzinoverengeka kamwechete pamusoro pewaya yepasi, izvo zvinogona kuve chimwe chipingamupinyi panguva yekubata.
Izwi remunhu rinoburitsa kuzunguzika kwemhepo muhuwandu hwe300-3200 Hz, uye tambo yenguva dzose yekufambisa kwayo inofanirwa kunge iine bhendi yakatsaurirwa (apo maungira eruzha anozoshandurwa kuita mafungu emagetsi) anosvika 4 kHz. Saizvozvowo, kuitira kuti uteerere kutumirwa kwechiratidzo chakadaro, zvakakwana "kubatanidza" kune waya nenzira ipi zvayo iripo. Uye kana iwe uchimhanyisa bhendi yepamusoro ye10 kHz kuburikidza newaya, iwe unowana chiratidzo chekutakura uye kudengenyeka muzwi revanyoreri kunogona kufukidzwa mukuchinja kwechiratidzo chechimiro (frequency, phase uye amplitude). Idzi shanduko muchiratidzo chekutakura zvinogadzira chiratidzo chehamvuropu chinozotakura ruzha rweizwi kune rumwe rutivi. Kana, panguva yekukurukurirana kwakadaro, iwe unobatanidza zvakananga kune tambo nechigadzirwa chiri nyore, saka iwe unogona kungonzwa chiratidzo cheHF.
Kugadzirira kwekushanda kweBerlin, kuruboshwe - Marshal G.K. Zhukov, pakati - mumwe wevarwi vasingagoneki, foni.
Marshal weSoviet Union I.S. Konev akanyora pamusoro penhau dzeHF muyeuko dzake: “Zvinofanira kutaurwa kazhinji kuti idzi kurukurirano dzeHF, sezvavanotaura, dzakatumirwa kwatiri naMwari. Zvakatibatsira zvakanyanya, zvakange zvakatsiga mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvikuru zvekuti isu tinofanirwa kubhadhara mutero kumidziyo yedu uye masigner edu, avo vakanyanya kupa iyi HF yekubatanidza uye mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu akateedzera zvitsitsinho zvemunhu wese aifanirwa kushandisa. kubatana uku panguva yekufamba. "
Kupfuura chiyero cheongororo yedu pfupi yaive nzira dzakakosha dzekutaurirana seteregirafu nemidziyo yekucherekedza, nyaya dzekuvharirwa munguva yehondo, uye nhoroondo yekupindira kwenhaurirano. Midziyo yekukurukurirana pakati pevabatsiri nevapikisi yakasiiwawo - uye iyi inyika inonakidza yekupokana. Asi pano, sezvatakambotaura, Habr haana kukwana kunyora nezve zvese, nezvinyorwa, chokwadi uye scans yemirairo nemabhuku enguva iyoyo. Ino haisi imwe nguva chete, iyi idanho rakakura rakazvimirira renhoroondo yenyika. Kana iwe uchifarira sezvatiri, ini ndichasiya mamwe anotonhorera ekubatanidza kune zviwanikwa zvaunogona kuongorora. Uye nditende, pane chimwe chinhu chekuwana uye kushamisika ipapo.
- - nzvimbo ine mweya wemwenje
- Kubva ipapo
- - imwe saiti ine mweya wemwenje
- Kukurukurirana kwakakosha muhurongwa hwekutsigira manejimendi yeRussia - chikamu, dhawunirodha PDF, inonakidza
Nhasi kune chero rudzi rwekutaurirana munyika: super yakachengeteka waya, setiraiti kutaurirana, akawanda pakarepo vatumwa, yakatsaurirwa maredhiyo, nharembozha, mawalkie-talkies emhando dzese uye makirasi ekudzivirira. Mazhinji enzira dzekutaurirana dziri panjodzi zvakanyanya kune chero chiitiko chemauto uye kuparadza. Uye pakupedzisira, mudziyo wakasimba kwazvo mumunda, sepanguva iyoyo, ungangove runhare rwewaya. Ini handisi kuda kutarisa izvi, uye handizvide. Tinoda kushandisa zvese izvi kuita zvinangwa zverunyararo.
Happy Radio and Communications Day, vadikani shamwari, masigner nevaya vanobatanidzwa! Your
73!
Source: www.habr.com