Rimwe zuva Indaneti "yakashandura" makore makumi matatu. Munguva ino, ruzivo uye zvinodiwa zvedhijitari zvebhizinesi zvakakura kusvika pachiyero zvekuti nhasi hatisisiri kutaura nezve corporate server room kana kudiwa kwekuwanikwa munzvimbo yedata, asi nezve kurenda network yese yedata processing. nzvimbo dzine masevhisi anoperekedza. Uyezve, hatisi kutaura chete nezve mapurojekiti epasirese ane data hombe (mahofori ane nzvimbo dzawo dzedata), asi kunyangwe nezvemakambani epakati nepakati ane anogarogadziridzwa enzvimbo dzedhatabhesi (semuenzaniso, zvitoro zvepamhepo) uye masevhisi ane data-kumhanya. kuchinjanisa (somuenzaniso, mabhangi).
Sei bhizinesi richida hurongwa hwekugovera data centers?
Sistimu yakadaro ine IT complexes, yakagovaniswa maererano nemusimboti: main data center uye regional data centers. Ivo vakatanga vakashongedzerwa vachifunga nezvekugona kuyerera kweruzivo uye maitiro ebhizinesi emakambani emazuva ano ari kusimukira uye nekuona kusakanganiswa kwekuyerera uye maitiro.
▍ Nei akagoverwa?
Chekutanga, nekuda kwenjodzi yekupwanya mazai ese akaiswa mudengu rimwe. Mazuva ano, pane kudiwa kwemhinduro-kushivirira mhinduro dzinogona kuve nechokwadi kuenderera mberi kwekushanda kwemakambani ekunyorera, masevhisi uye mawebhusaiti mune chero mamiriro. Kunyange pakuguma kwenyika. Zvivako zvemakomputa zvakadaro hazvifanirwe kungochengeta data nemazvo, asi zvakare kuderedza nguva yekudzikira kwekambani (verenga: bhizinesi) IT masevhisi, zvese panguva yedenda rekuvharirwa neRoskomnadzor, uye panguva yenjodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, uye panguva yenjodzi chaiyo yakagadzirwa nevanhu, uye mukati. chero mamwe masimba makuru majeure mamiriro . Hazvisi pasina kuti mhinduro idzi dzinonzi kupora njodzi.
Kuti uite izvi, nzvimbo dzekombuta dzinoshanda kukambani dzinofanirwa kubviswa kubva kune mumwe kune yakachengeteka chinhambwe zvichienderana neimwe chirongwa (ona tafura uye mufananidzo pazasi). Kana zvichidikanwa, chirongwa chekudzorera njodzi (DR-Plan) chinoshandiswa uye otomatiki kuendesa masevhisi evatengi kune imwe network saiti uchishandisa nzira dzekutadza-kushivirira uye software mhinduro dzakanangana kune yega yega nyaya (kudzokorodza data, backup, nezvimwewo).
Chechipiri, kuvandudza zvibereko. Mune yakajairika mode (kwete kumanikidza majeure, asi nepamusoro mitoro), yakagoverwa data data yakagadzirirwa kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwekambani uye kuderedza kurasikirwa kweruzivo (semuenzaniso, panguva yekurwiswa kweDDoS). Pano, mitoro yekuenzanisa mitoro pakati pekombuta node inogadziriswa: mutoro unogoverwa zvakare zvakaenzana, uye kana imwe yemanodhi ikakundikana, mabasa ayo achatorwa nedzimwe node dzeiyo yakaoma.
Chechitatu, kuitira kushanda zvakanaka kwemapazi ari kure. Kune makambani ane zvikamu zvakawanda, mhinduro dzepakati pekuchengetera uye kugadzirisa ruzivo neiyo geographically yakagoverwa kudzokorodza inoshandiswa. Bazi rimwe nerimwe rinogona kushanda nehuwandu hwaro hwe data, iyo ichabatanidzwa mune imwe dhatabhesi yehofisi yepakati. Nekudaro, shanduko mune yepakati dhatabhesi inoratidzwa mune yedhipatimendi dhatabhesi.
▍Magadzirirwo enzvimbo dzedata dzakaparadzirwa
Geographically distributed data centers dzakakamurwa kuva marudzi mana. Kune wekunze mushandisi, ivo vanotaridzika senge system imwe chete: manejimendi anoitika kuburikidza nesevhisi imwe uye kutsigira interface.
Geographically distributed data centers
▍ Zvinangwa izvo mabhizinesi anoda kugoverwa nzvimbo dzedata:
Kuenderera mberi kwekugadzirisa data. Kuenderera mberi kunodiwa kugadzirisa zvisingadzivisike zvinomuka matambudziko ehunyanzvi pasina kumisa bhizinesi maitiro, kunyangwe dzimwe nzira dzekutaurirana uye chikamu chakakosha chehurongwa chikatadza. Nenzira, kugona kwegadziriro kuita mabasa ayo mukati menguva yakarongwa, tichifunga nezveavhareji yenguva chiratidzo chekushanda kwakachengeteka uye nguva yekudzorera mashandiro () mwero wekuvimbika kwenzvimbo yedata inotarwa. Kune mazinga mana muhuwandu: TIER1, TIER2, TIER3, TIER4; iyo yakakwirira chiratidzo, iyo inonyanya kuvimbika midziyo yepakati uye yakakwirira chiyero chezvivakwa zvayo zvese.
Kuwedzera kugadzirwa uye kugona. Kana zvichidikanwa (mitoro yepamusoro), kugona kuwedzera huwandu uye kuwedzera kushanda kwekuchengetedza data data nekuda kwehupfumi hwechiyero: yakanyanya kushandiswa kwekombuta zviwanikwa zveiyo yese yakagoverwa system. Scalability inopa inochinjika, pane-inoda komputa kugona kuburikidza neane simba kumisikidzwa.
Kuramba kunotyisa. Izvi zvinowanikwa nekuchengetedza simba rekombuta panzvimbo iri kure. Kushanda kweSistimu kunowanikwa nekuisa iyo RPO yekudzoreredza poindi uye RTO yekudzoreredza nguva (chiyero chekuchengetedza uye kudzoreredza kumhanya kunoenderana nemutero).
Distributed services. Iyo kambani IT zviwanikwa uye masevhisi zvakapatsanurwa kubva kune iri pasi pezvivakwa uye zvinounzwa munzvimbo yakawanda-inoroja nharaunda pakudiwa uye pamwero.
Geographic localization yemabasa. Kuwedzera chinangwa chevateereri vechiratidzo uye kupinda mukambani mumisika mitsva yenzvimbo.
Cost optimization. Kugadzira uye kuchengetedza yako wega data data zvakanyanya project. Kune mazhinji makambani, kunyanya akakura akagovaniswa nenzvimbo uye avo vanoronga mapoinzi matsva ekuvapo mumusika, kuburitsa iyo IT zvivakwa kuchabatsira kuchengetedza zvakanyanya.
Sei zvichibatsira kuti bhizinesi rive nenzvimbo yedata padhuze?
Kune akawanda emazuva ano masevhisi uye mabhizinesi maapplication, kumhanya kwekuwana saiti kwakakosha. Iyi kumhanya inoenderana, kutanga kune zvese, pane chinhambwe pakati penzvimbo dzeiyo yakagoverwa data center system. Kana iri diki, saka kutaurirana kunorerutswa uye kubereka kunowedzera nekuda kwekuti chiratidzo kunonoka (latency) yakaderedzwa. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha pakuita reservation. Mutambo yefiber optic, kunonoka kwekuparadzira kwechiedza kunosvika 5 ms/km. Latency inokanganisa nguva yekuuraya yeI/O oparesheni, ingangoita 5-10 ms.
Sezvo masevhisi achifanira kushanda nguva dzose, nepo achifanirwa kuve nehupamhi hwekuwanikwa uye kushomeka nguva, zvinobatsira kuti bhizinesi ribhadhare IT zvivakwa munzvimbo padyo nevashandisi vemisika inonangwa.
Iko kumhanya kwekuwana saiti zvakare kunoenderana nemidziyo. Semuyenzaniso, munzvimbo yedu itsva yedata muIT Park yeKazan, unogona kuwana 100 Mbit/s Internet chiteshi kune yako chaiyo server ine yakanyanya kugadzikana yekuwana.
Kune bhizinesi rine yakakura kusvika kune dzimwe nyika, zvakanaka kushandisa nzvimbo dzekunze kwekutumira data kuitira kuchengetedza mutengo wetraffic uye kuderedza nguva yekupindura yemapeji ewebhusaiti kune vashandisi vekunze. Nguva yakareba yekupindura ndicho chikonzero uye, zvinotonyanya kukosha, chikonzero nei chinangwa chako chevateereri vari kutiza masaiti ako (yakakwira bounce rate inotungamira mukurasikirwa kwevanotungamira).
Ndezvipi zvakanakira backup data centers?
Tichifunga nezve anowanzo kusagadzikana mamiriro muRussia mundima yechengetedzo yeruzivo (semuenzaniso, kuvharika kwakakura kweiyo IP kero neRoskomnadzor, iyo yakatokanganisa nzvimbo dzisina hukama neTeregiramu), zviri nyore kuwana chikamu cheiyo IT dhizaini yebhizinesi. kunze kwemutemo weRussia mutemo. Ngatitii nekurenda maseva muSwiss data center, uri pasi pemitemo yekudzivirira data yeSwitzerland, iyo yakaoma kwazvo. Zvinonzi: hapana masangano ehurumende yeSwitzerland pachayo (kunze kwehurumende mune zviitiko zvakakosha), kana vezvemitemo vedzimwe nyika vanogona kuwana chero ruzivo pane "Swiss" maseva. Pasina ruzivo rwemutengi, data haigone kukumbirwa kubva kunzvimbo dzedata uye vanopa.
Kuendeswa kwenzvimbo yekuchengetedza data (kana kubata) pane kure () saiti inoruramiswa zvine hungwaru kana paine kudikanwa kwekutama kusingarwadze kwebhizinesi-akakosha masevhisi ekushanda kwavo kusingapindiki.
Zvimwe zvishoma nezveKazan data center
Sezvo isu tave kutotaura nezve data data muKazan, ngatizvibvumire isu diki rekushambadzira block. "IT Park", iyo inogara iyo data data, ndiyo hombe tekinoroji paki mune yakakwirira tekinoroji chikamu cheTatarstan. Iyi i3 MW TIER2,5 level data center ine sikweya kilometa nzvimbo ine simba rekugara anodarika mazana matatu marekeni.
Chengetedzo padanho remuviri inooneswa nematunhu maviri ezvombo zvekuchengetedza, vhidhiyo kamera yakatenderedza perimeter, pasipoti yekupinda system pamusuwo, biometric ACS system (minwe yeminwe) mukamuri yekombuta uye kunyangwe kodhi yekupfeka yevashanyi (nguwo, yakakosha. shangu dzinovhara nemuchina wekudziisa).
Ese makamuri ehunyanzvi uye makamuri evhavha ane gasi otomatiki yekudzima moto system ine utsi sensors, iyo inobvumira kubvisa kwainobva yekudzima pasina kukuvadza yakakwirira-tech michina. Kuchengetedza magetsi, kutonhora, uye kufefetera masisitimu anoitwa padanho repamusoro, uye zvakakosha zveaya masisitimu ari mumakamuri akasiyana.
Isu takatumira yedu hermetic zone muIT Park data center. Iyo data data ine SLA ye99.982%, zvinoreva kuti inoenderana zvizere nepamusoro pepasirese zvinodiwa zvekusimudzira kwekushanda kwenzvimbo dzedata. Iine marezinesi kubva kuFSTEC neFSB, chitupa chePCI-DSS, chinokutendera kuti uise michina kubva kumasangano anoshanda nedata remunhu (mabhangi nevamwe). Uye, senguva dzose, mitengo yemaseva chaiwo kubva kune inotambira mupi RUVDS mune ino data data haina kusiyana nemitengo ye mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzedu dze data muMoscow, St. Petersburg, London, Zurich.
Source: www.habr.com